scholarly journals Potential of Cowpea Variety Mixtures to Increase Yield Stability in Subsistence Agriculture: Preliminary Results

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Okonya ◽  
Brigitte L. Maass
Keyword(s):  
Pure Line ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Mixture Effect ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Variety Mixtures ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Cowpea Variety

CowpeaVigna unguiculata(L.) Walp. is an important leafy vegetable and grain legume in Uganda. Unlike in commercial agriculture, where variety mixtures are known to give higher and more stable yields, the performance of cowpea variety mixtures in subsistence agriculture is little known. Mixtures containing up to four cowpea varieties were subjected to all possible 2-way, 3-way, and 4-way combinations. These cowpea varieties and mixtures were grown at three locations in Soroti and Kumi districts in order to assess the relative mixture effect, defined as: Mixture effect (%) = (mixture yield − pure line component average)/pure line component average × 100. Yield data was subjected to one-way ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SYSTAT. PLABSTAT was used to generate ecovalence (Wi) values as a measure of stability with low ecovalence values indicating higher stability. The total cowpea dry matter (DM) yield was in the range of  3.7–6.7 g/m2(leaf) and 12.1–36.7 g/m2(grain), respectively. Mixture effects were between  −9.3–14.0% (leaf) and −30.3–21.9% (grain). Yield stability spanned  Wi= 0.06–5.30 (leaf) andWi= 4.45–894.84 (grain). The results suggested that yields of cowpea variety mixtures grown in marginal environments were more stable than of single varieties but not all mixtures yielded more than single varieties.

scholarly journals Effect of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Variety and Plant Spacing on Grain and Fodder Yield

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Boakye Boateng, Augustine ◽  
Wilson, Godfre
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Cowpea Variety

A field experiment was conducted to examine the effect of plant spacing on grain and fodder yield of four cowpeas varieties. Four cowpea varieties i.e. Asetenapa, Asomdwe, Hewale and Videza were sown with three plant spacing i.e. 30 x 15 cm, 45 x 15 cm and 60 x 15 cm at Samboligo in the Bongo District of the Upper East of Ghana.  The experiment was laid in randomized complete block with four replicates in factorial fashion. Cowpea variety and plant spacing significantly influenced grain yield, 1000 seed weight, nodules per plant and plant height. Plant spacing had no significant effect on stem girth, pods per plant, pod length and seed per pods. Variety ‘Hewale’ produced the highest grain yield of 991.3 kg ha-1 while Asetenapa produced the highest fodder yield of 1025.5 kg ha-1. Interactive effect between Asomdwe and 45 x 15 cm had the highest 1000 seed weight (170.6 g) while Asetenapa and 30 x 15 cm produced the highest grain yield (1072.9 kg ha-1). Variety ‘Hewale’ is recommended for commercial grain production while Asetenapa for fodder production. Asetenapa and 30 x 15 cm combination is recommended for commercial grain production.

Evaluation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) germplasm lines for tolerance to drought

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Fatokun ◽  
Ousmane Boukar ◽  
Satoru Muranaka
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cowpea is an important grain legume crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where, on a worldwide basis, the bulk is produced and consumed. The dry savanna area of SSA is where cowpea is mostly grown under rain-fed conditions. The crop is therefore prone to drought which may occur early, mid and/or late in the cropping season. Compared with many other crops, cowpea is drought tolerant, even though drought is still a major constraint limiting its productivity in SSA. Increasing the level of drought tolerance in existing cowpea varieties grown by farmers would enable them to obtain more and stable yield from their cowpea fields. As a first step towards enhancing drought tolerance in existing cowpea varieties, 1288 lines were selected randomly from cowpea germplasm collections maintained at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and evaluated for their drought tolerance at Ibadan. Drought was imposed by withdrawal of irrigation from 5 weeks after sowing. On average, drought reduced the number of days to flower by 12 d, and the mean grain yield per plant was also reduced by 67.28%. A few of the cowpea lines stayed green for up to 6 weeks after irrigation was stopped, even though some of these produced no pods when the study was terminated. Further evaluation in the screenhouse of 142 selected drought-tolerant lines helped to identify six lines that could be potential parents for developing breeding lines with enhanced drought tolerance.

YIELD STABILITY ANALYSIS OF LATE BLIGHT RESISTANT POTATO SELECTIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. K. MULEMA ◽  
E. ADIPALA ◽  
O. M. OLANYA ◽  
W. WAGOIRE
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Yield Data

SUMMARYPotato is an important source of food and income in the highlands of East Africa. Identification of superior genotypes for improved agronomic characteristics will enhance tuber yield. Seven promising clones from population B potato selections (quantitative resistance to late blight) obtained from the International Potato Center, two genotypes from population A (qualitative resistance) and three control cultivars were evaluated for three cropping seasons at four locations in western Uganda in order to determine performance and yield stability. The additive main effects and multiplicative interactive (AMMI) model was used for the analysis. The analysis of variance of yield data for genotypes × locations, genotypes × seasons and genotypes × locations × seasons was significant (p < 0.05) showing the variable response of genotypes and the need for stability analysis. The AMMI statistical model showed that the most stable genotypes were 392618.250 (B5) and 392127.270 (B6) (high yield) and 392618.256 (B1), 391049.255 (B2) and 392127.256 (B7) (low yield) and had negligible interactions with the environments. Across environments, the ranking of genotypes for tuber yield was not consistent. The clones 381471.18 (A2), 387121.4 (A1) and cultivar Victoria had high average yields, but these yields were below average in a few environments. Selective deployment of cultivars can improve tuber yield in the highland tropics.Note: Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation for endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture, Makerere University or Kachwekano Agricultural Research and Development Center.

scholarly journals Protein quality of autoclaved cowpea varieties as influenced by anti-nutritional factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
D. B. Oke ◽  
O. A. Adeyemi ◽  
M. O. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Cowpea Variety

One hundred and ten (110) weanling male winstar strain rats were used to determine the protein efficiency ration (PER) and net protein ration (NPR) of five cowpea samples. PER ranged from 1.06 in IT 81D-1137 to 1.91 in 1784E-1-108 while values in autoclaved samples ranged from 1.55 in IT81D-1137 to 2.78 in 1784E-1-108. for NPR, raw samples gave values that ranged between 2.44 and 3.57 in 1781D-1137 and 1784E-1-108 respectively. Autoclaved samples gave NPR values that ranged from 2.72 to 4.47 in IT 8ID-1137 and IT84E-1-108 respectively. In the raw and autoclaved cowpea diets, trypsin inhibitor, lectin and tannic acid were negatively correlated with PER and NPR while HCN and phytic acid had positive relationship with these indicators of protein quality. In autoclaved samples cowpea variety IT84E-1-108 had the highest PER and NPR values showing that it would support growth to a reasonable extent.

scholarly journals G x E Interaction on Yield Stability of Five Sweet Corn Hybrids Grown under Different Agricultural Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin ARDELEAN ◽  
Mirela CORDEA ◽  
Voichita HAS ◽  
Agnes BORS
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
General Level ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
G X E Interaction

Yield stability in sweet corn and its dependence on G x E interaction were investigated in a series of two way experiments. Five Romanian sweet corn hybrids were tested in three years (2008-2010) in three locations of Central Transylvania in different soils and climatic conditions. The experiments were organized in a split plot design in which, on a general level of organic fertilization (40 t/ha manure), four levels of mineral N fertilization were applied (kg/ha, active matter): N0, typical for organic technologies; N50, corresponding to the low-input (sustainable) system; N100 and N150 customary with conventional system of agriculture. Based on ear yield data registered for hybrids in locations x years x cropping system, a phenotypic index (Pi) was computed for each sweet corn hybrid illustrating the stability of their cob yields, with and without husks. The share of genotypic and G x E effects in the total value of Pi have been estimated. In different agricultural systems the tested hybrids were classified differently based on their Pi values. It is concluded that, at least for the time being, the initiation of an organic breeding program for sweet corn, in Romania, is not economically justified since all semiearly and semilate tested hybrids yielded satisfactorily under organic agricultural practices. Moreover, among the recently released sweet corn hybrids one can find certain genotypes highly suitable to organic (i.e. ‘Deliciul verii’, ‘Estival’) or low input (‘Dulcin’, ‘Estival’) agricultural practices. These three hybrids recorded the highes ear yields (with and without husks) over years, locations and agricultural systems.

Multiple-bean varieties as a strategy for minimizing production risk and enhancing yield stability in smallholder systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Hannington O. Ochieng ◽  
John O. Ojiem ◽  
Simon M. Kamwana ◽  
Joyce C. Mutai ◽  
James W. Nyongesa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Smallholder Systems ◽  
Production Risks

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is perhaps the most important grain legume in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) smallholder systems for food security and household income. Although a wide choice of varieties is available, smallholder farmers in western Kenya realize yields that are low and variable since they operate in risky production environments. Significant seasonal variations exist in rainfall and severity of pests and diseases. This situation is worsened by the low and declining soil fertility, coupled with low capacity of farmers to purchase production inputs such as fertilizers, fungicides and insecticides, and land scarcity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether growing multiple-bean varieties instead of a single variety can enable farmers enhance yield stability over seasons and ensure food security. Five common bean varieties were evaluated in multiple farms for 11 seasons at Kapkerer in Nandi County, western Kenya. Data were collected on grain yield, days to 50% flowering and major diseases. In addition, daily rainfall was recorded throughout the growing seasons. The five varieties were combined in all possible ways to create 31 single- and multiple-bean production strategies. The strategies were evaluated for grain yield performance and yield stability over seasons to determine the risk of not attaining a particular yield target. Results indicated that cropping multiple-bean varieties can be an effective way for reducing production risks in heterogeneous smallholder systems. Yield stability can be greatly enhanced across diverse environments, leading to improved food security, especially for the resource-poor smallholder farmers operating in risk-prone environments. Although the results show that some of the single-bean variety strategies were high yielding, their yield stability was generally lower than those of multiple strategies. Resource-poor risk averse farmers can greatly increase the probability of exceeding their yield targets by cropping multiple-bean varieties with relatively low yields but high grain yield stability. Trading-off high grain yield for yield stability might be an important strategy for minimizing bean production risks.

scholarly journals Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and sodium azide in M2 generation of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Raina ◽  
Samiullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

AbstractLegumes play a pivotal role in combating the chronic hunger and malnutrition in the developing nations and are also ideal crops to achieve global food and nutrition security. In the era of climate change, erratic rainfalls, depleting arable land and water resource, feeding the rapidly growing population is a challenging task. Among breeding programs for crop improvement, induced mutagenesis has proven to be the viable, effective, robust and coherent tool to facilitate the process of creating varieties with improved yield. Like most other pulses, cowpea is a self pollinated, nutritious, versatile and widely adapted grain legume, but harbour a little accessible genetic variability. Lack of sufficient genetic variability and small size of flowers, traditional plant breeding methods are not enough to meet the demands of improvement of cowpea. Hence, induced mutagenesis was employed to induce significant genetic variability across a range of agro-economical traits in two cowpea varieties Gomati VU-89 and Pusa-578 from M1 to M4 generations. The success of induced mutagenesis largely depends on the selection of appropriate mutagen, its dose, effectiveness and efficiency. Hence present study was conduct to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of single and combined doses of sodium azide and gamma rays to set an appropriate protocol for induced mutagenesis experimentation in cowpea.

scholarly journals Yield Stability of Heirloom Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars in Midwest Organic Production

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Swegarden ◽  
Craig C. Sheaffer ◽  
Thomas E. Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Commercial Market

Heirloom dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars are distinct in their seed characteristics, although little information regarding their performance at the field scale in the Midwest is currently available. Demand for organic heirloom dry beans from direct-to-consumer markets in Minnesota motivated our examination of the crop’s suitability for local production. Heirloom cultivars were evaluated on the basis of yield and yield stability at four small-scale organic vegetable productions in southeast Minnesota. Yield data from 2013 and 2014 were subject to static and dynamic stability biplot analyses. The mean yield of heirloom cultivars was ≈44% lower than commercial market class checks included in the trial; heirloom yields ranged from 825 to 2127 kg·ha−1, with a mean of 1362 kg·ha−1. Stability analyses and economic incentives suggest that the production of heirloom cultivars, especially ‘Jacob’s Cattle Gold’, ‘Lina Sisco’s Bird Egg’, ‘Peregion’, and ‘Tiger’s Eye’, could provide growers with the opportunity to diversify their production, differentiate themselves in local markets, and maintain economic return.

Influence of cytoplasmic male sterile and restorer lines on the grain yield stability of sunflower under different environmental conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
I. Liović ◽  
A. Mijić ◽  
M. Krizmanić ◽  
P. Pepó ◽  
V. Kovačević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Restorer Line ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile

Environmental conditions (soil, weather) have the greatest impact on the production of all crops, so it is necessary to check the behaviour of new hybrid combinations under diverse environmental conditions. In 2009 and 2010, field trials were sown at various locations in Croatia to test new sunflower hybrid combinations bred at the Agricultural Institute in Osijek. In both years, the trials were conducted in Beli Manastir (BM09 and BM10), Nova Gradiška (NG09 and NG10) and Osijek (Os09 and Os10), while in 2010, a trial was also sown in Vukovar (Vu10). The genotypes included three cytoplasmic male sterile lines (cms 1–3) as female parent with a set of 8 fertility restorer lines (four branching restorers: oG1–4 and four single-headed restorers: oM5–8). The grain yield data were processed for years and locations (7 environments) using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) analysis with the SAS for Windows 9.1 statistical software. To obtain a better picture of the grain yield stability of the hybrid combinations in different environments, AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots were made using IRRISTAT for Windows 5.0 software. No significant differences were found between the hybrid combinations of the female lines (cms 1–3). Among the environments, the significantly highest grain yield was recorded in the environment Os09 (4.220 t ha−1), followed by BM09 and Os10. As regards the restorers the highest grain yields (statistically on par with each other) were found for hybrid combinations involving oG2 and oM7 (3.726 and 3.666 t ha−1). Together, the first two interaction principle components (IPC) explained 85.4, 76.6 and 64.8% of the variability for crosses involving cms1, cms2 and cms3, respectively. The AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots showed that the highest yielding hybrid combinations did not have the most stable grain yield. The greatest stability was shown by restorer line oM7 in cross combinations with inbred lines cms1 and cms2, while the same restorer line exhibited a large genotype × environment interaction and low stability when crossed with cms3.

CULTIVAR BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS, YIELD STABILITY AND GROUPING OF TEST LOCATIONS FOR FIELD BEAN CULTIVAR TRIALS IN ONTARIO

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. PARK
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Bean Cultivar

Yield data of six recommended cultivars grown at seven locations (L) over 6 yr (Y) in the Ontario field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar trials were analyzed to examine cultivar by environment interaction components, to determine yield stability of cultivars, and to group test locations. Cultivar (C), C × L, and C × L × Y effects were highly significant with large variance components indicating the importance of cultivar and test locations. The C × Y interaction was not significant. When yield stability was evaluated using cultivar means, regression coefficients (b), and deviations from linear regression (S2d), Ex Rico 23 was identified as being stable and potentially high yielding. Test locations were grouped into four homogeneous subareas by a biological classification method. Since breeding or recommending cultivars for four small subareas is not practical, efforts should be devoted to improving average stability and yield potential by testing at locations representative of homogeneous subareas.Key words: Bean (field), Phaseolus vulgaris, yield testing, genotype × environment interactions

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