scholarly journals A Comprehensive Prospective Clinical Study of Hydatid Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Kayal ◽  
Akhlak Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Actual Prevalence

The actual prevalence of hydatid disease in northern part of India is found more than usually interpreted. The present study has been done on 25 patients suffering from hydatid disease of various sites and treated during June 2009 to November 2011 at JLN Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, with the aim of studying the clinical manifestations of hydatid disease of different sites and/or organ system and of analysing the morbidity and mortality of hydatid disease. The age, sex, h/o dog contact, duration of hospital stay, clinical presentation, treatment advised, findings and difficulties encountered during operation, and postoperative management of patients as well as morbidity and mortality were recorded and analysed. We observed that the mean age was 40 years. The sex incidence revealed female preponderance in the study (M : F: 1 : 2). Duration of illness in the present study varied from 1 month to 6 years in case of liver hydatid disease. Majority of patients were from rural areas (21) and the remaining (4) from urban areas. Swelling was the most common presenting feature. Incidence of hydatid disease at unusual sites in India is higher than in other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Deaths due to Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning in Bangladesh-A Study at Dhaka Medical College

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Elias Bin Akber ◽  
Abu Jamil Forhad ◽  
Mohammad Habibuzzaman Chowdhury ◽  
AM Ashraful Anam ◽  
Israt Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Medical College

Poisoning with Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) is one of the important leading causes of morbidity and mortality for the countrymen of Bangladesh. OPC poisoning is a common cause of acute poisoning. The study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of death due to OPC poisoning. This paper presents the study of total 852 cases of poisoning comprising 6.42% of the total 13,300 autopsies done during the period of three years (from 01/01/2009 to 31/12/2011) at Dhaka Medical College Mortuary. Of them, there were 478 cases of OPC poisoning. Most of the victims were from rural areas i.e. 296 cases (61.92%) and 182 cases (38.07%) from urban areas. 274 male victims (57.32%) outnumbered females i.e. 204 cases (42.67%) and the most affected age group was 21-30 years i.e. 214 cases (44.76% ). Farmers were the commonest victim i.e. 270 cases (56.48%) followed by housewives i.e. 105 cases (21.96%). Ingestion was the commonest route of poisoning i.e. 460 cases comprising 96.23% followed by 12 cases of inhalation (2.51%) and others. Suicide dominated the list of manner of death i.e. 466 cases comprising 97.48% followed by accidental i.e. 12 cases (2.51%) of the total 478 cases of OPC poisoning. CBMJ 2014 July: Vol. 03 No. 02 P: 29-33

scholarly journals Risk factor assessment and screening for diabetes in field practice area of a private medical college in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathish Dev ◽  
Timsi Jain ◽  
Sivaprakasam P. ◽  
Dinesh Raja
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Field Practice

Background: Diabetes, which was known to be an epidemic in the urban areas, has been found to be increasing rapidly in the rural areas too as a result of the socioeconomic transitions. Diabetes is no longer only a disease of the elderly but is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality affecting youth and middle aged people.Methods: Screening camp for diabetes was conducted by the Department of Community Medicine in three different areas in the field practice area of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital viz. Thirumazhisai, Kuthambakkam and Velavedu in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu on 7th April 2016 as a part of World Health Day 2016 celebration. Data was collected using a predesigned interview schedule. Descriptive statistics was calculated using rates, ratios & proportions. Univariate analysis was done using Chi square test to find the association between various factors and diabetes status. A parsimonious regression model was developed to find the predictor variables for diabetes.Results: A total of 188 people aged above 18 years attended the screening camps. Majority of the camp attendees were females (62.2%). Proportion of people having diabetes (already diagnosed plus newly screened) was found to be 18.1% out of which 3.2% were screened positive for diabetes. On regression analysis, Intake of alcohol and perceived stress were found to be significantly associated with diabetes (p<0.05).Conclusions: This study highlights a significant burden of undiagnosed cases of diabetes in the community. This indicates the need for systematic screening and awareness programs to identify the undiagnosed cases in the community and offer early life style modifications, treatment and regular follow up to such individuals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hearing impairment in Aligarh: a community based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2926
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asif Khan ◽  
Najam Khalique ◽  
Zulfia Khan ◽  
Abrar Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population

Background: Hearing impairment is avery complex phenomenon, which has many and serious consequencesfor people and involves many factors and issues that should becarefully examined. The objective of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment in the study population.Methods: Study design was a community based cross sectional study. Setting was on field practice areas of the urban and rural health training centers, Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. No. of Participants was 422 study subjects age 18 and above 18 years; Systematic random sampling and proportionate to population size method (PPS). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 13; Chi-square.Results: Overall prevalence in present study population was found to be 23.1%. The prevalence in the rural areas (24.8%) was found to be higher than that of the urban areas (20.5%). The age specific prevalence showed that the maximum prevalence was in the age group of more than 70 years (66.6%). In the rural areas the prevalence was highest in the >70 year age group(75%) while in the urban areas it was maximum in the 61-70 year age group(61.5%). The prevalence was least in the 31-40 year age group in both urban (5.4%) as well as rural areas (14.5%). The association of hearing loss with age was found to be highly significant.Conclusions:A high prevalence of hearing impairment was found in the study. Increasing prevalence of hearing impairment was observed with advancing age.  

scholarly journals Necessity of strengthening neurology services in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
R M Piryani ◽  
R S Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Traffic Pattern ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Number Of Patients

Dear Editor,Stroke, head injuries and epilepsy are common neurological problems reported worldwide including Nepal. Nepal also bears the burden of nervous system infection such as meningitis, cerebral malaria, Japanese B encephalitis. The average life expectancy of Nepalese population has increased noticeably in the last twelve years; hence it may lead to increase in age related neurological conditions such as dementia, Parkinson disease. Because of poor road condition, rapidly increasing number of two- wheelers, disorganized traffic pattern, and lack of driving discipline in Nepal, motor vehicles accidents are on rise, so the head injuries too. The accompanied person along for the ride on two- wheel vehicles are not required to wear helmet and passengers in four wheelers avoid using safety belts are at risk. Moreover, the implementation of legislation to prevent driving in drunken state is limited.Presently some of the government hospitals, private medical college teaching hospitals and corporate sector hospitals located in urban areas provide neurological services. However, a large number of patients of sub-urban and rural areas having common neurological aliments have limited access. Ignorance, illiteracy, limited resources, negative attitude, discrimination, faith on traditional healers and weak economical status may be the limiting factor to access. Establishing neurological services network with public private partnership and use of latest technology may improve care and delivery of neurological services in country. At the same time government need to 1) motivate, encourage and facilitate young doctors to get training in neurosurgery and neuromedicine, 2) invest in infrastructure development, 3) create awareness among public especially of suburban and rural areas and 4) promote research.These approaches may improve quality of care and service delivery.SincerelyDr. Rano Mal Piryani- Prof of Medicine and Medical Education, Chitwan Medical CollegeMr. Ramesh Sharma Poudel- Pharmacist, Pharmacy, Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital

scholarly journals The synchronicity of COVID-19 disparities: Statewide epidemiologic trends in SARS-CoV-2 morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality among racial minorities and in rural America

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255063
Author(s):  
Brian E. Dixon ◽  
Shaun J. Grannis ◽  
Lauren R. Lembcke ◽  
Nimish Valvi ◽  
Anna R. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Racial Minorities ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Over Time

Background Early studies on COVID-19 identified unequal patterns in hospitalization and mortality in urban environments for racial and ethnic minorities. These studies were primarily single center observational studies conducted within the first few weeks or months of the pandemic. We sought to examine trends in COVID-19 morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality over time for minority and rural populations, especially during the U.S. fall surge. Methods Data were extracted from a statewide cohort of all adult residents in Indiana tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 1 and December 31, 2020, linked to electronic health records. Primary measures were per capita rates of infection, hospitalization, and death. Age adjusted rates were calculated for multiple time periods corresponding to public health mitigation efforts. Comparisons across time within groups were compared using ANOVA. Results Morbidity and mortality increased over time with notable differences among sub-populations. Initially, hospitalization rates among racial minorities were 3–4 times higher than whites, and mortality rates among urban residents were twice those of rural residents. By fall 2020, hospitalization and mortality rates in rural areas surpassed those of urban areas, and gaps between black/brown and white populations narrowed. Changes across time among demographic groups was significant for morbidity and hospitalization. Cumulative morbidity and mortality were highest among minority groups and in rural communities. Conclusions The synchronicity of disparities in COVID-19 by race and geography suggests that health officials should explicitly measure disparities and adjust mitigation as well as vaccination strategies to protect those sub-populations with greater disease burden.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 infection among residents of an urban slum in a metropolitan city

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5420
Author(s):  
Aritra Kumar Bose ◽  
Abhiram Kasbe ◽  
Janardan Bandi ◽  
Sudam R. Suryawanshi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus named SARS COV 2. By 26th August 2021, India added a record 37,593 cases of coronavirus infection, pushing the country’s COVID-19 tally to 32.5 million, while the death toll climbed to 4.35 million. It was declared as the second wave. The ICMR has calculated that compared to rural areas, the risk of spread was 1.09 times higher in urban areas and 1.89 times higher in urban slums. With all its elms, the urban slum can be a testing ground for appropriate awareness about the cause, prevention of COVID-19.Methods: The study was conducted in the field practice area of the Urban Health Centre of T. N. Medical College and B. Y. L. Nair Hospital situated in Mumbai. Approval for the conduction of the study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. The study was conducted over 1 month; i.e. from March 2021 to April 2021. The subjects were interviewed using a pre-designed interview schedule, information regarding education, occupation, marital status, and various information about knowledge, attitude and practice to prevent and protect against COVID-19 were obtained.Results: Almost 50% subjects aged less than 45 years with mean age of the study participants being 44.92±16.16 years. With female predominance (56.0%), majority of subjects were literate (72.5%) with 55% of subjects educated till class 10 and 53.5% were employed. Seventy-seven percent subjects had elderly family members residing with them. Non-communicable disease was observed in 75.5% subjects.Conclusions: The study highlighted the importance of effective and tailored health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge, thereby leading to more favourable attitudes and implementation and maintenance of safe practices.

scholarly journals Profile of Sexual Assault Cases Registered in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Mukit Sarkar ◽  
MA Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean

A cross sectional study was conducted among 291 victims of sexual assault cases examined at the department of Forensic Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College from February to June, 2004 in order to see the profiles of the sexual assault cases. In this study the mean age of the victims was 17.78 years. Out of 291 victims 3 individuals were male. The incidence of sexual assault was more frequent among the individuals aged from 14 to 18 years. The study should that 77.7% victims were unmarried. 80% individuals of sexual assault were inhabitants of rural areas and the rest of the victims were of urban areas. The study revealed that 88 (30.2%) had the signs of violence on their body. In finding out of the physical development the study presented that 86.9% victims had developed breast while 8.9% had not. Out of 288 female victims 84.72% female had old tear of hymen while 30 (10.41%) had recent hymenal tear. 1.4% victims of sexual assault showed presence of sperm in pathological examination.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i2.3174 TAJ 2005; 18(2):

scholarly journals STRUCTURE OF MORBIDITY AND CLINICAL ENDOSCOPIC INDICES OF CELIAC DISEASE PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
Magomed I. Izrailov ◽  
A. M. Aliskandiyev ◽  
Ya. M. Yakhiaev ◽  
P. M. Aliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The One

This article focuses on the study of the clinical picture, treatment and prevention of celiac disease in children. Celiac disease is the one of the most pressing problems in clinical pediatrics and gastroenterology due to its wide prevalence, the complexity of pathogenesis, difficulties of diagnosis and the polymorphism of the clinical picture. A detailed analysis of the history cases of 292 children celiac disease patients admitted to the gastroenterological department of N.M. Kuraev Dagestan Republic Clinical Hospital during 2011-2014 is presented. An analysis of the prevalence of the disease depending on climatic and geographical factors showed 207 patients (71%) to reside in rural areas, 85 children (29%) - in urban areas. Out of them, celiac disease was detected in 24% of lowlanders, 16% in the foothills residents and 30% - in the mountain population. Typical clinical manifestations of the disease in children are described. Significant deteriorations of the intestinal microbiota in all the celiac disease patients were detected. The authors believe that despite long-term compliance with the gluten-free diet and visible social adaptation, examined children show different forms of pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and other systems, which indicates to the need for lifelong clinical follow-up.

scholarly journals A Model for Predicting Unsafe Induced Abortion among Women in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-505
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Jai Kishun
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Unsafe Abortion ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality

Background: Unsafe abortion is one of the major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Approximately 15.6 million abortions take place every year in India of which a significant proportion is unsafe. Objective: To explore risk factors associated with unsafe induced abortion. Method: National Family Health Survey-IV data have 82,369 women aged between 15-49 years who responded about their aborted /miscarriage/stillbirth is used. Out of these total women, 8,878 were induced aborted and found eligible. Result: Of the total induced aborted, 30.6% of women are unsafe induced abortion. Women age between 35-49 years are 53% more likely to have unsafe induced abortion than age between 15-19 years. Women living in rural areas have 26% less likely to unsafe abortion than women living in urban areas. Women who have knowledge about the fertile period are 35% less likely to have unsafe abortion than no correct knowledge. Unsafe induced abortion is found increasing as education and wealth index are increasing. Conclusion: Unsafe induced abortion is a large contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality.  Awareness of contraceptives use, Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) and Comprehensive Abortion Care (CAC) service should be increased through media exposure

scholarly journals SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE IN PREECLAMPSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Amrita ◽  
Verma Asha ◽  
Bajiya Monika ◽  
Gurjar Anil ◽  
Muhal Poonam
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cardiac System ◽  
New Onset

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a complex multisystem condition. It affects 3-5% of all prenancies.It is defined as new onset hypertension after twenty weeks of pregnancy plus involvement of at least one organ system-renal, hepatic, neurological, hematological, pulmonary or cardiac system or as utero-placental dysfunction Methods: This was a hospital based comparative analytical cross sectional study carried out over 2 years period from may 2019 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMS Medical College and attached hospitals, Jaipur. Results:  The mean age of cases (27.36 ± 3.66 years) was higher than the controls (23.43 ± 3.23 years). There was not much difference in the distribution of subjects according to residence. In the study group 26 (57.78%) women belonged to urban areas and 19 (42.22%) belonged to rural areas whereas in the control group, 26 (62.22%) women belonged to rural areas and 17 (37.78%) belonged to urban areas. There were more primigravida in pre eclamptic group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Identification of risk factor in the antenatal period helps in early detection of women who are at high risk of developing pre-eclampsia in order to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Preclampsia, Age, Gravida

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