scholarly journals Influence of Commercial Saturated Monoglyceride, Mono-/Diglycerides Mixtures, Vegetable Oil, Stirring Speed, and Temperature on the Physical Properties of Organogels

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Gerardo Rocha-Amador ◽  
Jose Alberto Gallegos-Infante ◽  
Qingrong Huang ◽  
Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzman ◽  
Martha Rocio Moreno-Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of gelator, vegetable oil, stirring speed, and temperature on the physical properties of obtained organogels. They were prepared under varying independent conditions and applying a fractional experimental design. From there a rheological characterization was developed. The physical characterization also included polarized light microscopy and calorimetric analysis. Once these data were obtained, X-Ray diffraction was applied to selected samples and a microstructure lattice was confirmed. Commonly, the only conditions that affect crystallization have been analyzed (temperature, solvent, gelator, and cooling rate). We found that stirring speed is the most important parameter in the organogel preparation.

scholarly journals Study of the High Temperature Phase of 1,16-Hexadecanediol by Polarized Light Microscopy and Glancing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 2248-2249
Author(s):  
M. Ramírez-Cardona ◽  
M.P. Falcón-León ◽  
G. Luis-Raya ◽  
G. Mejía-Hernández ◽  
R. Arceo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
High Temperature Phase ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Direct observation of monoclinic ferroelectric phase and domain switching process in (K0.25Na0.75)NbO3 single crystals

CrystEngComm ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 2872-2877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Deng ◽  
Haiwu Zhang ◽  
Xiangyong Zhao ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Xi'an Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase ◽  
Domain Switching ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Switching Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The domain-switching process of monoclinic K0.25Na0.75NbO3 single crystals were studied by in situ polarized light microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

Crystallization in Unstretched Rubber. Microscopic Study in Polarized Light

1951 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-556
Author(s):  
H. N. Campbell ◽  
M. D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Sensitive Method

Abstract Since many elastomers indicate by their physical properties that crystallization occurs even when such crystallization is not detectable by x-ray diffraction, a direct microscopic study in polarized light was undertaken. This study confirms the presence of such crystallinity not only in rubber but also in polybutadiene and some low-temperature copolymers. Furthermore, the same crystal pattern is reproduced on melting and refreezing provided the intermediate melting temperature is not too high. This indicates that x-ray diffraction is not a very sensitive method for detecting small amounts of crystallinity in high polymers. The reproduction of the crystal pattern on refreezing shows that the molecular segments have limited mobility even at room temperature; this may require revision of current theories of the origin of retractive forces in elastomers.

scholarly journals Study of 1,15-pentadecanediol by Powder X-ray Diffraction and Polarized Light Microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 2250-2251
Author(s):  
G. Luis-Raya ◽  
M. Ramirez-Cardona ◽  
M.P. Falcon-Leon ◽  
A.I. Martinez-Perez ◽  
F. Gonzalez-Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Crystal Growth, Room Temperature Crystal Structure and Phase Transitions of KMnPO4

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1210-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Luján ◽  
Frank Kubel
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Ferroelastic Domains

Single crystals of KMnPO4 grown in a KCl flux show ferroelastic domains. The structure was determined on an optically controlled single domain crystal by X-ray diffraction methods. The cell is triclinic with dimensions a = 5.4813(5), b = 8.627(1), c = 8.887(1), in Å, α = 87.73(1)°, β = 89.10(1)°, γ = 88.01(1)°, Vᴍ = 419.6(1) Å3 and Z = 4. The structure is closely related to the stuffed β-tridymite type. DTA experiments between room temperature and 1000 °C and polarized light microscopy observations showed four phase transitions: at 165, 330, 353 and 707 °C.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Microstructure and Physical Properties of Clay-Polymer Composites

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Blanton ◽  
D. Majumdar ◽  
S.M. Melpolder
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layered Clay

ABSTRACTClay-polymer nanoparticulate composite materials are evaluated by the X-ray diffraction technique. The basal plane spacing provided information about the degree of intercalation and exfoliation of the 2: 1 layered clay structure. Both intercalation and exfoliation are controlled by the identity of the polymer and the clay:polymer ratio.

Dalnegroite, Tl5–xPb2x(As,Sb)2l–xS34, a new thallium sulphosalt from Lengenbach quarry, Binntal, Switzerland

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nestola ◽  
A. Guastoni ◽  
L. Bindi ◽  
L. Secco
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Mohs Hardness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
Probable Space

AbstractDalnegroite, ideally Tl4Pb2(As12Sb8)Σ20S34, is a new mineral from Lengenbach, Binntal, Switzerland. It occurs as anhedral to subhedral grains up to 200 μm across, closely associated with realgar, pyrite, Sb-rich seligmanite in a gangue of dolomite. Dalnegroite is opaque with a submetallic lustre and shows a brownish-red streak. It is brittle; the Vickers hardness (VHN25) is 87 kg mm-2(range: 69—101) (Mohs hardness ∼3—3½). In reflected light, dalnegroite is highly bireflectant and weakly pleochroic, from white to a slightly greenish-grey. In cross-polarized light, it is highly anisotropic with bluish to green rotation tints and red internal reflections.According to chemical and X-ray diffraction data, dalnegroite appears to be isotypic with chabournéite, Tl5-xPb2x(Sb,As)21-xS34. It is triclinic, probable space groupP1, witha= 16.217(7) Å,b= 42.544(9) Å,c= 8.557(4) Å, α = 95.72(4)°, β = 90.25(4)°, γ = 96.78(4)°,V= 5832(4) Å3,Z= 4.The nine strongest powder-diffraction lines [d(Å) (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 3.927 (100) (10 0); 3.775 (45) (22); 3.685 (45) (60); 3.620 (50) (440); 3.124 (50) (2); 2.929 (60) (42); 2.850 (70) (42); 2.579 (45) (02); 2.097 (60) (024). The mean of 11 electron microprobe analyses gave elemental concentrations as follows: Pb 10.09(1) wt.%, Tl 20.36(1), Sb 23.95(1), As 21.33(8), S 26.16(8), totalling 101.95 wt.%, corresponding to Tl4.15Pb2.03(As11.86Sb8.20)S34. The new mineral is named for Alberto Dal Negro, Professor in Mineralogy and Crystallography at the University of Padova since 1976.

Sedimentary Clays as Geopolymer Precursor

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
F. Mostefa ◽  
Nasr Eddine Bouhamou ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
Salima Aggoun ◽  
D. Mekhatria
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Performances

This work aims to study the feasibility of making a geopolymer cement based on dredged sediments, from the Fergoug dam (Algeria) and to evaluate their construction potential particularly interesting in the field of special cementitious materials. These sediments due to their mineralogical composition as aluminosilicates; are materials that can be used after heat treatment. Sedimentary clays were characterized before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction, ATG / ATD, spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRF analysis. The calcination was carried out on the raw material sieved at 80 μm for a temperature of 750 ° C, for 3.4 and 5 hours. The reactivity of the calcined products was measured using isothermal calorimetric analysis (DSC) on pastes prepared by mixing an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 M in an amount allowing to have a Na / Al ratio close to 1 (1: 1). Also, cubic mortar samples were prepared with a ratio L / S: 0.8, sealed and cured for 24 hours at 60 ° C and then at room temperature until the day they were submited to mechanical testing. to check the extent of geopolymerization. The results obtained allowed to optimize the calcination time of 5 hours for a better reactivity of these sediments, and a concentration of 8M of sodium hydroxide and more suitable to have the best mechanical performances.

scholarly journals Thermal, Structural, and Physical Properties of Freeze Dried Tropical Fruit Powder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Athmaselvi ◽  
C. Kumar ◽  
M. Balasubramanian ◽  
Ishita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Lcr Meter

This study evaluates the physical properties of freeze dried tropical (guava, sapota, and papaya) fruit powders. Thermal stability and weight loss were evaluated using TGA-DSC and IR, which showed pectin as the main solid constituent. LCR meter measured electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss factor. Functional groups assessed by FTIR showed presence of chlorides, and O–H and N–H bonds in guava, chloride and C–H bond in papaya, and chlorides, and C=O and C–H bonds in sapota. Particle size and type of starch were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and microstructure through scanning electronic microscopy. A semicrystalline profile and average particle size of the fruit powders were evidenced by X-ray diffraction and lamellar/spherical morphologies by SEM. Presence of A-type starch was observed in all three fruits. Dependence of electric and dielectric properties on frequency and temperature was observed.

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