scholarly journals Multiple Gastrointestinal Complications of Crack Cocaine Abuse

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Carlin ◽  
Nhat Nguyen ◽  
Joseph R. DePasquale
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Ischemia ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Oral Inhalation ◽  
Cocaine Abuser ◽  
Substances Of Abuse

Cocaine and its alkaloid free base “crack-cocaine” have long since been substances of abuse. Drug abuse of cocaine via oral, inhalation, intravenous, and intranasal intake has famously been associated with a number of medical complications. Intestinal ischemia and perforation remain the most common manifestations of cocaine associated gastrointestinal disease and have historically been associated with oral intake of cocaine. Here we find a rare case of two relatively uncommon gastrointestinal complications of hemorrhage and pancreatitis presenting within a single admission in a chronic crack cocaine abuser.

Acute gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Halm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems

Gastrointestinal problems, with an incidence of about 1%, may complicate the postoperative period after cardiovascular surgery, increasing morbidity, length of stay, and mortality. Several risk factors for the development of these complications, including preexisting conditions; advancing age; surgical procedure, especially valve, combined bypass/valve, emergency, reoperative, and aortic dissection repair; iatrogenic conditions; stress; ischemia; and postpump complications, have been identified in multiple research studies. Ischemia is the most significant of these risk factors after cardiovascular surgery. Mechanisms that have been implicated include longer cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times and hypoperfusion states, especially if inotropic or intra-aortic balloon pump support is required. These risk factors have been linked to upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding, paralytic ileus, intestinal ischemia, acute diverticulitis, acute cholecystitis, hepatic dysfunction, hyperamylasemia, and acute pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal bleeding accounts for almost half of all complications, followed by hepatic dysfunction, intestinal ischemia, and acute cholecystitis. Identification of these gastrointestinal complications may be difficult because manifestations may be masked by postoperative analgesia or not reported by patients because they are sedated or require prolonged mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, clinical manifestations may be nonspecific and not follow the "classic" clinical picture. Therefore, astute assessment skills are needed to recognize these problems in high-risk patients early in their clinical course. Such early recognition will prompt aggressive medical and/or surgical management and therefore improve patient outcomes for the cardiovascular surgical population.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Complications Following Cardiac Surgery.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Ibrahimi ◽  
Saimir Kuçi ◽  
Ervin Bejko ◽  
Stavri Llazo ◽  
Jonela Burimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complication ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Low Cardiac Output Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications

Purpose: gastrointestinal complication (GIC) following open heart surgery usually are rare but with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to see the outcome of these patients after complication, compared with a similar study found in literature. Identifying risk factors preoperatively and postoperatively in our patient’s series, for GIC.Materials and methods: Between January 2012 and December 2017 from 1990 operated cardiac patient 34 of them developed GIC, presenting gastro duodenal bleeding due to active ulcer, liver failure, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, or intestinal ischemia. We performed a retrospective analysis.Results: From all consecutive patient only 1.7 % developed GIC. Mortality rate was 55.8%, especially 100 % mortality in intestinal ischemia patient. Regarding risk factors, those were the same found in other similar study (age, atherosclerosis disease, by pass time, postoperative ARF, Low cardiac output syndrome.)Conclusion: GIC after cardiac surgery are rare but when it happens the mortality is very high not even of late diagnosis. In ages patients, diabetes, long by pass time, long hypoperfusion state. It is recommended to be alert for GIC for detection in early phase, and for reducing as much as possible morbidity and mortality.

Medical Comorbidities of Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Mitchell ◽  
Scott J. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Medical Assessment ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Gastric Rupture ◽  
Control Of Diabetes

Eating disorders are frequently characterized by medical complications that at times can be severe. Because of this, the medical assessment of patients with eating disorders is an important part of the evaluation process. Frequent complications include cardiovascular problems, including a decrement in heart rate variability that is a known risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias. Skeletal system changes, particularly the risk for osteoporosis and osteopenia, are common in patients with anorexia nervosa. Gastrointestinal complications can be quite prominent. In particular, there is a risk for gastric dilatation and gastric rupture in patients who binge eat. A variety of endocrine changes have also been described and there appears to be an association with eating disorders and poor control of diabetes mellitus.

Intestinal Ischemia

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (10) ◽  
pp. 1201-1204
Author(s):  
Simpson L. Dee ◽  
Khalid Butt ◽  
Gita Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Ischemic Colitis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Colonic Perforation ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Pathology Reports

Abstract Context.—As rejection in renal transplantation has become better controlled, gastrointestinal complications have become increasingly important. Ischemic colitis and colonic perforation are the most common of these lesions, contributing to morbidity and mortality in the early postoperative period. Objective.—We undertook this study to identify factors contributing to the risk of intestinal ischemia in patients undergoing renal transplantation and to define circumstances that may affect that risk. Methods.—We studied 356 patients undergoing renal transplantation during a 40-month period. We reviewed medical records, surgical pathology reports, autopsy reports, and pathology slides. Results.—Eleven (3.1%) of the patients developed ischemia of the small or large bowel or both within 20 days after transplantation, and 6 (54.5%) died as a result. Ten of these patients had received cadaveric kidneys and were older than 40 years. There was no sex predilection. The most common segment involved was the terminal ileum and ascending colon. We discuss possible reasons underlying these observations in this article. Conclusion.—The mechanism behind posttransplantation intestinal ischemia is multifactorial, but regardless of etiology, it is important to emphasize the risk of intestinal ischemia in patients who develop abdominal symptoms during the early posttransplantation period, particularly in patients older than 40 years who have received cadaveric kidneys.

Rhabdomyolysis in a case of free-base cocaine ("crack") overdose.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1547-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Jandreski ◽  
E W Bermes ◽  
R Leischner ◽  
S E Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Remarkable Recovery

Abstract This is the case of a 27-year-old black man who was admitted to Loyola University Medical Center after a one-time experience of smoking free-base ("crack") cocaine. Clinical manifestations of the resulting cocaine intoxication were rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, and transient liver failure. This patient came to our attention because of the striking alterations in his blood-chemistry values, which indicated acute tissue damage, and his remarkable recovery within 96 h. We discuss the dramatic changes in the laboratory findings and the clinical course of this patient.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal haemorrhage associated with free-base (crack) cocaine

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (836) ◽  
pp. 377-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fennell ◽  
S. Gandhi ◽  
B. Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage ◽  
Free Base

Duodenal perforation in a crack cocaine abuser

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
P. Albert ◽  
M. A. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Duodenal Perforation ◽  
Cocaine Abuser

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal complications and esophageal stenosis after crack cocaine abuse

Endoscopy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (S 02) ◽  
pp. E286-E287
Author(s):  
M. Appel-da-Silva ◽  
R. D'Incao ◽  
V. Antonello ◽  
E. Cambruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Esophageal Stenosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications

scholarly journals Ferroptosis: A Double-Edged Sword in Gastrointestinal Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12403
Author(s):  
Chengfei Xu ◽  
Ziling Liu ◽  
Jiangwei Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Ischemia ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Regulated Cell Death ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is typically accompanied by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. In contrast to apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, ferroptosis has unique biological processes and pathophysiological characteristics. Since it was first proposed in 2012, ferroptosis has attracted attention worldwide. Ferroptosis is involved in the progression of multiple diseases and could be a novel therapeutic target in the future. Recently, tremendous progress has been made regarding ferroptosis and gastrointestinal diseases, including intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastric cancer (GC), and colorectal cancer (CRC). In this review, we summarize the recent progress on ferroptosis and its interaction with gastrointestinal diseases. Understanding the role of ferroptosis in gastrointestinal disease pathogenesis could provide novel therapeutic targets for clinical treatment.

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