scholarly journals Effect of Box Taping as an Adjunct to Stretching-Strengthening Exercise Program in Correction of Scapular Alignment in People with Forward Shoulder Posture: A Randomised Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Dewan ◽  
Kavitha Raja ◽  
Ganesh Balthillaya Miyaru ◽  
Joy C. MacDermid
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Forward Shoulder Posture ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects ◽  
Preventative Approach ◽  
Over Time

Objective. The objective of this study was to provide preliminary estimates of effects of box taping as an adjunct to stretching-strengthening exercise program on scapular alignment in healthy subjects with forward shoulder posture (FSP). Methods. Sixty subjects were screened and 38 asymptomatic subjects with FSP were allocated into box taping and standard treatment group using block randomization. Both groups received a supervised stretching-strengthening exercise program and postural advice for 15 sessions over 3 weeks. In addition, box taping was applied to the intervention group. Static and dynamic scapular alignment was recorded at baseline, 7th and 15th sessions. Differences over time and between the treatment groups were determined using repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. Twenty subjects completed the study. Both interventions were well tolerated and resulted in improvements in static and dynamic postural indicators over time in both groups (P<0.05) except for dynamic scapular alignment by the 15th session. We were under powered to detect differences between the groups (P<0.05). Conclusions. This study suggests postural exercises improve scapular alignment; but a large RCT is required to determine whether the addition of box taping is indicated, and whether this preventative approach reduces the incidence of upper quarter musculoskeletal disorders. This trial is registered with CTRI/2013/10/004095.

scholarly journals The Effects of Video Feedback on Coaches’ Behavior and the Coach-Athlete Relationship

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Simon Paul Meeûs ◽  
Sidónio Serpa ◽  
Bert De Cuyper
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Video Feedback ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Frequency Table ◽  
Coaching Behavior ◽  
Intervention Condition ◽  
Over Time

This study examined the effects of video feedback on the nonverbal behavior of handball coaches, and athletes’ and coaches’ anxieties and perceptions. One intervention group (49 participants) and one control group (63 participants) completed the Coaching Behavior Assessment System, Coaching Behavior Questionnaire, and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 on two separate occasions, with 7 weeks of elapsed time between each administration. Coaches in the intervention condition received video feedback and a frequency table with a comparison of their personal answers and their team’s answers on the CB AS. Repeated-measures ANOVAs showed that over time, athletes in the intervention group reported significantly less anxiety and perceived their coaches significantly more positively compared with athletes in the nonintervention condition. Over time, coaches in the intervention group perceived themselves significantly more positively than coaches in the nonintervention condition. Compared with field athletes, goalkeepers were significantly more anxious and perceived their coaches less positively. It is concluded that an intervention using video feedback might have positive effects on anxiety and coach perception and that field athletes and goalkeepers possess different profiles.

scholarly journals Effects of the Preschool-Based Family-Involving DAGIS Intervention on Family Environment: A Cluster Randomised Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3387
Author(s):  
Carola Ray ◽  
Rejane Figueiredo ◽  
Riikka Pajulahti ◽  
Henna Vepsäläinen ◽  
Elviira Lehto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Role Modelling ◽  
The Family

Interventions promoting young children’s healthy energy balance-related behaviours (EBRBs) should also examine changes in the family environment as this is an important determinant that may affect the effectiveness of the intervention. This study examines family environmental effects of the Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools (DAGIS) intervention study, and whether these effects differed when considering three parental educational level (PEL) groups. The DAGIS intervention was conducted in preschools and involving parents in Southern Finland from September 2017 to May 2018. It was designed as a randomised trial, clustered at preschool-level. Parents of 3–6-year-olds answered questionnaires recording PEL, parental role modelling for EBRBs, and the family environment measured as EBRBs availability and accessibility. Linear Mixed Models with Repeated Measures were used in order to detect intervention effects. Models included group by time interactions. When examining intervention effects separated by PEL groups, models with three-level interactions (group × time-points × PEL) were evaluated. There was an interaction effect for the availability of sugary everyday foods and drinks (p = 0.002). The analyses showed that the control group increased availability (p = 0.003), whereas in the intervention group no changes were detected (p = 0.150). In the analysis separated by PEL groups, changes were found only for the accessibility of sugary treats at home; the high PEL control group increased the accessibility of sugary treats (p = 0.022) (interaction effect: p = 0.027). Hence, results suggest that the DAGIS multicomponent intervention had a limited impact on determinants for children’s healthy EBRBs, and no impact was found in the low PEL group.

scholarly journals Effects of School-Based Exergaming on Urban Children’s Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye ◽  
Pope ◽  
Lee ◽  
Gao
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
School Based ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Over Time

Background: Modern-day technology is appealing to children. Few studies, however, have conducted longitudinal analyses of a school-based exergaming program’s effect on physical activity (PA) behaviors and fitness in children. Therefore, this study examined the longitudinal effect of an 8-month school-based exergaming intervention on children’s objectively-measured PA and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Materials and Methods: Eighty-one fourth grade students (X̅age = 9.23 ± 0.62; 39 girls; 54.3% African American, 30.9% Non-Hispanic White, 14.8% other) participated in this study from 2014–2015. The intervention school’s children participated in a once-weekly 50-minute exergaming intervention during recess throughout the school year, while the control school continued regular recess. Children’s in-school PA and sedentary behavior (SB) were measured with ActiGraphGT3X+ accelerometers, with CRF assessed via the half-mile run. All measurements were taken at baseline, mid-intervention (four months) and post-intervention (eight months). Repeated-measures two-way ANCOVAs using age and race as covariates were conducted to examine between-school differences over time for SB, light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and CRF. Results: Significant time by group interactions were observed for LPA, F(1, 79) = 7.82, η2 = 0.09, p < 0.01, and MVPA, F(1, 79) = 4.58, η2 = 0.06, p < 0.05, as LPA increased among the control group, while MVPA increased among intervention group. Children in both groups experienced decreased SB during the intervention (intervention: −7.63 minutes; control: −17.59 minutes), but demonstrated lower CRF over time (intervention: +46.73 seconds; control: +61.60 seconds). Conclusions: Observations suggested that school-based exergaming implementation may be effective in increasing children’s MVPA and decreasing their SB over the course an academic year (i.e., ~eight months). More research is needed, however, to discern how modifications to school-based exergaming might also promote improved CRF in children.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of a Foot-Ankle Exercise Program Aiming to Improve Foot-Ankle Functionality and Gait Biomechanics in People with Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5129
Author(s):  
Renan L. Monteiro ◽  
Jane S.S.P. Ferreira ◽  
Érica Q. Silva ◽  
Asha Donini ◽  
Ronaldo H. Cruvinel-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Over Time

Foot-ankle strengthening and mobility exercises are part of international guideline recommendations for people at risk of diabetic foot disease. We examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 12-week foot-ankle exercise program on clinical, functional and biomechanical outcomes in people with diabetic neuropathy (DPN). We randomly allocated 30 people with DPN to usual care (control) or usual care plus a supervised exercise program (intervention). For feasibility, we assessed recruitment rate and participant adherence and satisfaction. For program efficacy, we assessed baseline to 12-week changes in daily physical activity level, gait speed, tactile sensitivity, ankle range of motion, DPN symptoms, quality of life, foot health and functionality, foot strength and plantar pressure during gait, using paired t-tests (p < 0.05). In 52 weeks, we recruited 45 eligible participants (0.90/week). Program adherence was 80% and participants’ satisfaction had a mean (SD) of 4.57 (0.70) out of 5. The intervention group significantly improved on toes strength, contact time during gait and DPN symptoms, and peak forefoot pressures increased over time; controls showed significantly increased heel peak pressures and force. The exercise program was feasible, based on a moderate recruitment rate and an adherent and satisfied population, and the intervention showed several positive preliminary effects over time compared to usual care.

Abstract 4066: Response to Symptom Management Intervention among Functionally Impaired Older Adults Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABS)

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A Barnason ◽  
Lani Zimmerman ◽  
Paula Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Symptom Management ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Usual Care Group ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Activity Diary ◽  
Over Time

Older adults with poor functioning preoperatively are at risk for delayed recovery following CABS. The purpose of this study was to determine if a symptom management (SM) telehealth intervention was effective in improving early recovery outcomes (physical activity, physiological and psychological functioning) for older adults with impaired functioning prior to CABS. A descriptive, repeated measures design was used in this subanalysis of a larger RCT. Subjects in the parent study (N=232), who met the preoperative impaired functioning criteria [physical component score of Medical Outcomes Study Short-form 36 (MOS SF-36) <50 and a RISKO score of ≥ 6], were included in either the SM intervention group (n=23) or the usual care group (n=31). Methods : Physical activity was measured at baseline using the Modified 7-Day Activity Interview; and at follow-up times by the RT3® accelerometer and an Activity Diary. Physiological and psychosocial functioning was measured by the MOS SF-36. Data was gathered prior to hospital discharge, at 3- and 6-weeks and 3-months after hospital discharge. Findings : Subjects ranged in age from 65– 85 years, with a mean of 71.6 (± 5.1) years. Analysis of covariance with repeated measures was used on physical activity and functioning measures, with preoperative levels used as covariates. There were significant group by time effects, with the SM intervention group as compared to the usual care group having higher levels of physical activity over time for: average daily activity counts [F (3,37)=3.55, p<.05]; levels of estimated energy expenditure (average kcal/kg/day expended) as measured by both the RT3® [F (3,37)=2.89, p<.05] and Activity Diary [F (3,42)=3.01, p<.05]; and average minutes/day in moderate or higher levels of activity [F (3,42)=3.18, p<.05]. Both groups had significantly (p<.05) increased role-physical, mental and social functioning over time. Conclusions : Study findings demonstrated the responsiveness of a subgroup of CABS subjects with impaired preoperative functioning to a SM intervention for older adults. Subjects’ improvements in physical activity functioning can help to decrease their risk for morbidity and mortality that can be associated with poor functioning after cardiac events.

scholarly journals Influence of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Approach on Maximum Kayak Paddling Force

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Davidek ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Alena Kobesova
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stabilization Exercise ◽  
Dash Questionnaire

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) exercise on maximum paddling force (PF) and self-reported pain perception in the shoulder girdle area in flatwater kayakers. Twenty male flatwater kayakers from a local club (age = 21.9 ± 2.4 years, body height = 185.1 ± 7.9 cm, body mass = 83.9 ± 9.1 kg) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. During the 6-week study, subjects from both groups performed standard off-season training. Additionally, the intervention group engaged in a DNS-based core stabilization exercise program (quadruped exercise, side sitting exercise, sitting exercise and squat exercise) after each standard training session. Using a kayak ergometer, the maximum PF stroke was measured four times during the six weeks. All subjects completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire before and after the 6-week interval to evaluate subjective pain perception in the shoulder girdle area. Initially, no significant differences in maximum PF and the DASH questionnaire were identified between the two groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that the experimental group improved significantly compared to the control group on maximum PF (p = .004; Cohen’s d = .85), but not on the DASH questionnaire score (p = .731) during the study. Integration of DNS with traditional flatwater kayak training may significantly increase maximum PF, but may not affect pain perception to the same extent.

scholarly journals Comparison between Gradual Reduced Nicotine Content and Usual Nicotine Content Groups on Subjective Cigarette Ratings in a Randomized Double-Blind Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7047
Author(s):  
Wenxue Lin ◽  
Nicolle M. Krebs ◽  
Junjia Zhu ◽  
Jonathan Foulds ◽  
Kimberly Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Subjective Responses ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Nicotine Reduction

In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking to reduce nicotine in tobacco products to produce a minimally addictive or nonaddictive effect, but there was a research gap in the subjective responses of reduced-nicotine-content cigarettes. We compared the responses of the modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire (mCEQ) and cigarette-liking scale (CLS) between the gradually reduced nicotine content (RNC) group and the usual nicotine content (UNC) group. Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures were used to analyze and compare the change over time for the mCEQ and CLS across the two treatment groups (RNC and UNC). We found that the change over time for the mCEQ and CLS was significant between the RNC and the UNC treatment groups at the beginning of visit 6 with 1.4 mg nicotine/cigarette. At visits 8 and 9, the RNC group reported significantly lower satisfaction scores compared to UNC. Subscale analysis showed that smoking satisfaction decreased in RNC while other measures, such as cigarette enjoyment, did not change. Understanding the impact of nicotine reduction on cigarette subjective responses through evaluation and liking scales would provide valuable information to the FDA on nicotine reduction policies for cigarettes.

scholarly journals The Use of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization Verse Massage and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Techniques on Improving Hamstring Flexibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Muscle Tightness ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Soft Tissue Mobilization ◽  
Over Time

Context: Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), massage and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching are interventions commonly used to address chronic muscle tightness and fascial restrictions. The efficacies of these interventions have not been well established. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two manual therapy approaches, IASTM and Massage with PNF stretching (MAS/PNF) in improving hamstring muscle tightness and subjective reporting of tightness in physically active individuals. Design: Single blinded randomized, controlled, repeated-measures design, where group and treated limb were randomized. Setting: University athletic training clinic. Participants: Twenty healthy subjects (8 men, 12 women; mean age, 23.5±7.91 years) with bilateral hamstring tightness (measured using active knee extension (AKE)). Intervention: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups, IASTM (n=12) and MAS/PNF (n=8). Both treatments consisted of a unilateral 10 minutes treatment to the posterior leg. The subject’s untreated limb was the control. The authors measured pain levels (Visual Analog Scale (VAS)), general disability (Disablement in Physically Active Scale (DPAS), and perceived improvements in muscle tightness (Global Rate of Change (GRC)) at four different times (Pre, Post, 24hrs, 48hrs). A single blinded assessor collected all measurements. Main Outcome Measures: A repeated measures analysis of variance determined within-subjects factors between AKE and time (Pre, Post, 24hrs, 48hrs), limb (Treated vs. Control), and group (IASTM vs. MAS/PNF). Kruskal-Wallis H test analyzed data collected from the patient reported measures. Results: The authors found significant main effects between time (F=14.386, P< .001), limb (F=4.717, P=.043) and time-by-limb (F=11.233, P<.000), and AKE measurements. The treated limb of both groups demonstrated significant improvements in AKE compared to control limb. However the time by treatment interaction was not significant, indicating that both treatments groups changed similarly over time (P=.078). There was no difference in mean AKE between the treatment groups over time (F=4.717, P=.714). Significant within-subjects differences in VAS score were revealed for time (F=6.51, P=.000) and for time by group (F=4.46, P=.003). A significant treatment-by-time effect was revealed for the VAS during the treatment (F=10.47, P=.005). The IASTM group reported significantly higher discomfort during the treatment compared to the MAS/PNF group (P=.044). There was no statistically significant difference in the DPAS between the IASTM and MAS/PNF treatments, (post, p=.230; 24hrs, p=.475; 48hrs, p=.786). There was also no difference in GRC for perceived muscle tightness between groups over time (post, p=.321; 24hrs; p=.326; 48hrs, p=.609). Concusion: Both IASTM and MAS/PNF interventions were effective in increasing hamstring flexibility immediately post treatment, which was retained for up to 48 hours. There were no significant differences between the magnitudes of improvement, DPAS, or GRC between the interventions, but those within the IASTIM group reported more discomfort during the treatment.

scholarly journals Managing Stress Effectively: A Longitudinal Transtheoretical Comparison of Successful Changers, Relapsers, and Non-Changers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Simay Gökbayrak ◽  
Colleen Redding ◽  
Kerry Evers ◽  
Jessica Lipschitz ◽  
Miryam Yusufov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Management ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Feedback Interventions ◽  
Managing Stress ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background. Stress levels among Americans are considerable. This research examined Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) constructs for stress management in groups organized by longitudinal progress (dynatypes): Maintainers, Relapsers, and Stable Non-Changers. Methods. Secondary data analysis of a computer-tailored intervention group examined construct use over time across the three groups. Adults (n=427) meeting criteria for not engaging in stress management behaviors at baseline comprised the analytic sample. Participants received three TTM-tailored feedback interventions to help facilitate change at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Demographics, Stage of Change, 10 Processes of Change, Decisional Balance (Pros and Cons), and Self-Efficacy were assessed at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. Repeated measures MANOVA followed by ANOVAs, with Tukey follow-up tests assessed differences in use of TTM constructs longitudinally across dynatype groups. Results. Ten of the 13 TTM constructs differentiated between Successful Changers and Stable Non-Changers at baseline and over time. Relapsers were more similar to Successful Changers than to Stable Non-Changers in their use of all constructs, except Self-Efficacy. Conclusion. Findings suggest that baseline cognitive and behavioral constructs can improve prediction of different intervention outcomes 18 months later.

scholarly journals Paediatric oncology simulation training for resident education

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle M Smink ◽  
Donna B Jeffe ◽  
Robert J Hayashi ◽  
Noor Al-Hammadi ◽  
James J Fehr
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Paediatric Oncology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Perceived Challenge

IntroductionWe sought to evaluate paediatric oncology simulations intended to improve paediatric residents’ skills and comfort in caring for children with cancer.MethodIn a non-randomised trial, controls (the first three rotations) received a standard set of lectures, and the intervention arm received these lectures plus five simulation training scenarios—fever/neutropaenia, a new leukaemia diagnosis, end-of-life care discussion, tumour lysis syndrome and a mediastinal mass. All residents were tested after the rotation on the first three scenarios; management skills were evaluated independently by two raters. Before and after training, all residents completed an emotional-appraisal questionnaire evaluating each scenario as a perceived challenge or threat. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) measured differences by study arm in skills checklist assessments and appraisals; repeated measures ANOVA measured changes in emotional-appraisal scores.ResultsForty-two residents (9 controls, 33 interventions) participated. Inter-rater agreement for skills checklist scores using average-measures intraclass correlation was high (0.847), and overall mean scores were significantly higher for the intervention than control group across both raters (p=0.005). For all residents, perceived challenge increased in the end-of-life simulation, and perceived threat decreased in all three test scenarios. The intervention group, regardless of training year, evaluated the teaching scenarios favourably and felt that challenging oncology situations were addressed, skills were enhanced and the simulations should be offered to other residents.ConclusionsIt was feasible to introduce residents to difficult paediatric oncology scenarios using simulation. The intervention group performed more skills than controls when tested and perceive threat declined in all residents after their paediatric oncology rotation.

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