scholarly journals Response of Various Stakeholders towards Newly Introduced Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in a North Indian State

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Amar Jeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
State Government ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
State Health ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The Government

Introduction. Many attempts had been made to introduce newer vaccines into national immunization schedule of India. Special vaccines campaigns for diseases like JE were also initiated, which required a lot of preparation before vaccinating the beneficiaries. Objectives. To ascertain response of various stakeholders regarding launch of Japanese encephalitis vaccination campaign by state government in district Ambala, Haryana. Methodology. A 30-cluster survey was done to assess the vaccine coverage and views of the stakeholders. Various officials of state health services were also interviewed. Results. JE vaccine coverage was found to be 93.9%. Majority (59.8%) of the parents were informed about JE vaccination by the health worker. Many (83; 41.7%) parents said that they got their child vaccinated for JE since it “endangers life of children” and 82 (41.2%) said that “since everybody got it.” All the staff was trained for JE vaccination campaign. Conclusion. JE vaccination campaign was a success with adequate preparation. Majority of people accepted vaccine in good faith in the government rather than due to their knowledge about disease.

scholarly journals Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination in Children Population of Nepal During the year 2005, 2006 and 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Durga Datt Joshi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
District Health ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Central Offices

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is caused by a Flavivirus that, in a proportion of human cases, causes severe encephalitis leading to death or sometimes permanent disablement. It is a zoonotic disease, transferred from animals (commonly pigs or wild birds) by a mosquito vector to humans. In Southeast Asia it is thought to cause up to 50000 clinical cases and 10000 deaths per year. JE vaccination programme was carried out in high risk districts of Nepal. Japanese encephalitis vaccination was carried out during the years 2005, 2006, 2008 and 2009. The data collected from primary and secondary sources from the District Health Offices and other concerned central offices of the Department of Health Services, was tabulated and analysed. Thirty-five lakh of JE vaccine doses was procured by the Ministry of Health during the year 2006/2007. This vaccine was used in children under 15 years of age of 12 districts of JE risk and high-risk areas of Nepal. It was found that during the year 2005; 85% children in Banke and 81% in Kailali were vaccinated against JE. In Kailali and Banke districts it was found to be about 103% coverage in children population targeted, in Dang district it was 100% coverage, and in Bardiya district it was 73% coverege but in Rupandehi and Kanchanpur districts it was only about 40% and 41% respectively. JE vaccine coverage was very low in two Rupandehi and Kanchanpur districts during 2005 and 2006 and very high coverage during the year 2008. JE vaccination coverage results for the year 2009 have not been made available yet due to unavailability of data. This type of mass vaccination campaign needs regularlity, mass awareness and health education programme should be carried out before JE vaccination campaign in the children in the future. Key words: Japanese Encephalitis, flavivirus, zoonotic, vector borne, lyophilized vaccine.   doi: 10.3126/jnps.v29i2.2045 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol 29, No. 2, pp.85-91

Effectiveness of mouse brain-derived inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in Thai National Immunization Program: A case–control study

Vaccine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charung Muangchana ◽  
Narong Henprasertthae ◽  
Krissana Nurach ◽  
Kesorn Theppang ◽  
Pornsak Yoocharoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Trial design and protocol of randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of oral mefenamic acid, paracetamol and placebo for analgesic prophylaxis in childhood vaccination (MAP VaC trial)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Rachna Pasi ◽  
Thirunavukkarasu Arun Babu ◽  
Vinoth Kumar Kallidoss
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Mefenamic Acid ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
Vaccine Administration ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
National Immunization

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Needle related pain has been one of the most important concerns for parents of children receiving vaccination. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like paracetamol and mefenamic acid have been commonly used as analgesics in pediatric population. However, prophylactic administration of these drugs for analgesia during vaccination has not been studied. The main objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of prophylactic paracetamol, mefenamic acid and placebo on needle pain associated with vaccination.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a three-arm parallel, triple blind, randomized controlled trial. Children aged 6 weeks to 7 years who need immunization as per national immunization schedule and reporting to pediatric outpatient department (OPD) at tertiary level hospital, AIIMS Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, will be included. All participants will be randomly allotted to any of the three groups by computer based block randomization. Each participant will be given any one of the three drugs as per their allocation. Vaccination will be done as per national immunization schedule after 30 minutes of drug administration. Face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scoring will be done immediately after vaccine administration and repeated at 15 minutes and 30 minutes. All personnel involved in randomization, drug and vaccine administration, FLACC scoring and statistical analysis will be blinded along with parents and children enrolled in the study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>If this intervention study shows evidence of a difference between drug and placebo signifying reduction in vaccine related pain with these drugs, this will have a huge impact on National Immunization programme by improving compliance, vaccine coverage and by reducing vaccine hesitancy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Trial registration:</strong> Clinical trials registration number is CTRI/2021/01/030239.</p>

An Assessment Study of Indian State Government Portals

2010 ◽  
pp. 130-152
Author(s):  
Debjani Bhattacharya ◽  
Umesh Gulla ◽  
M. P. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
State Government ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Information Navigation ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
The Government

Does the e-readiness of a country or a state give any insight into the success of their e-government projects? Does scaling up of e-readiness help to measure the acceptance of e-government projects by citizens? Research has failed to provide a direct answer to these questions. While an e-readiness index summarizes the infrastructural condition of a state or country in terms of network readiness and availability of hardware facility; e-government readiness implies the acceptance of e-government projects by the citizens in a state or a country. So, the e-readiness index cannot clearly depict the e-government readiness of a country. Since e-government projects are broadly categorized as Government to Citizen, Government to Business and Government to Government, it becomes difficult to quantify the satisfaction level of the stakeholders. For analysing the acceptance of e-government business models particularly the web based ones, researchers (Yang, 2002; Kašubiene & Vanagas, 2007; Janssen, Kuk & Wagenaar, 2008; Morgeson & Mithas, 2009) often adopted the quality criteria used in evaluating service offered by of e-commerce sites. The most pervasive concept of quality in use is the extent to which a web service meets and/or exceeds a citizen’s/customer’s expectations. Portals at the Federal Government level in India were developed with the idea to form a ‘single window’ access to the facilities provided by the states or union territories to the citizens in an integrated platform. The idea behind such investment on state wise portals was to serve the citizens better but there was hardly any attempt from the government side to assess the acceptance of the portals. Some of the portals have counters to keep a track of visitors and email facilities have been provided to serve queries of the visitors. So the effectiveness of the portals has become a questionable issue today. In this study we have tried to concentrate on Indian State government portals and assess the service quality provided by them. It was observed that State wise Service Quality issues in e-government differ significantly when global parameters like usability, adequacy of information, navigation facility interactivity are considered. So, to evaluate the portals a conceptual framework based on previous research works was proposed. Quality dimensions were identified to assess service quality of government portals and each of the state and the union territory portal was audited based on the parameters proposed like usefulness of information, adequacy of information, citizen centric information, usability, accessibility, interaction, privacy, security and citizen participation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the SA 14-14-2 Live-Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in Myanmar

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Mya Myat Ngwe Tun ◽  
Aung Kyaw Kyaw ◽  
Khine Mya Nwe ◽  
Shingo Inoue ◽  
Kyaw Zin Thant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Time ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine

Myanmar is an endemic country for the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and the SA-14-14-2 live-attenuated JEV vaccine was first introduced as a catch-up vaccination campaign in 2017. To determine the effectiveness of vaccination by means of neutralizing antibody titers against JEV, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among five to 15-year-old monastic school children in Mandalay, Myanmar. A total of 198 students who had received vaccines were recruited, and single-time investigation of anti-JEV IgG and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type JEV were determined using anti-JEV IgG ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT50). All students 100% (198/198) showed positive results on the anti-JEV IgG ELISA, and 87% (172/198) of the students had neutralizing antibodies against JEV six months after immunization. The geometric mean titers of both IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies increased with the participants’ age groups, and statistically significant differences in anti-JEV IgG titers were noted across age groups. In this study, we could not investigate the persistence of neutralizing antibodies as only single-time blood collection was done. This study, which is the first report of JEV vaccination among children in Myanmar, showed similar neutralizing antibody production rates among vaccinated individuals as did studies in other countries.

GST - Sway On Small Scale Industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Jayanti.G ◽  
Dr. V.Selvam
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
The People ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
The Government

India being a democratic and republic country, has witnessed the biggest indirect tax reform after much exploration, GST bill roll out on 1 April 2017.  The concept of this reform is for a unified country-wide tax reform system.  Enterprises particularly SMEs are caught in a state of instability.  Several taxes such s excise, service tax etc., have been subsumed with a single tax structure. it is the responsibilities of both centre and state government to shoulder the important responsibility to cater the needs of the people and the nation as a whole.  The main basis of income to the government is through levy of taxes.  To meet the so called socio-economic needs and economic growth, taxes are considered as a main source of revenue for the government.  As per Wikipedia “A tax is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon tax payer by the government in order to fund various public expenditure”   it is said that tax payment is mandatory, failure to pay such taxes will be punishable under the law.   The Indian tax system is classified as direct and indirect tax.   The indirect taxes are levied on purchase, sale, and manufacture of goods and provision of service.  The indirect tax on goods and services increases its price, this can lead to inflationary trend.  Contribution of indirect taxes to total tax revenue is more than 50% in India, therefore, indirect tax is considered as a major source of tax revenue for the government, which in turn is one of source for GDP growth.  Though indirect tax is a major source of revenue, it had lot of hassles.  To overcome the major issues of indirect tax system the government of India subsumed most of the indirect tax which in turn gave birth to the concept called Goods and Service Tax.

Pollution Control – Regulation and Legal Provisions in India

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
A. N. Aggarwal ◽  
V. K. Karia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
State Government ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
The Government

Immediately after independence in 1946, the Government of India resorted to rapid industrialization to minimize outside dependence and to improve the standard of living. This, while helping the country to grow, also created problems of environmental management. Rapid deterioration of natural resources forced the Government to enact a number of legislative measures and create regulatory agencies both at central and state government levels. These agencies were given powers to effectively implement various Acts. Severe penalties, including fines and imprisonment, were envisaged for offenders of environmental Acts. Responsibilities were defined, to avoid a scapegoat approach. On the other hand, to reward industries showing a positive approach to environmental protection, a number of fiscal incentives and tax benefits were also offered. Recently, to provide more comprehensive legislation for the protection of all the components of the environment under a single agency, a new bill entitled the ‘Environmental Protection Bill, 1986' has been introduced in Parliament. This regulatory approach has started to show results, and more and more industries have started to provide pollution control facilities.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Intention among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Mohammed Noushad ◽  
Mohammad Zakaria Nassani ◽  
Anas B. Alsalhani ◽  
Pradeep Koppolu ◽  
Fayez Hussain Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Strategies

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused largescale morbidity and mortality and a tremendous burden on the healthcare system. Healthcare workers (HCWs) require adequate protection to avoid onward transmission and minimize burden on the healthcare system. Moreover, HCWs can also influence the general public into accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, determining COVID-19 vaccine intention among HCWs is of paramount importance to plan tailor-made public health strategies to maximize vaccine coverage. A structured questionnaire was administered in February and March 2021 among HCWs in Saudi Arabia using convenience sampling, proceeding the launch of the vaccination campaign. HCWs from all administrative regions of Saudi Arabia were included in the study. In total, 674 out of 1124 HCWs responded and completed the survey (response rate 59.9%). About 65 percent of the HCWs intended to get vaccinated. The intention to vaccinate was significantly higher among HCWs 50 years of age or older, Saudi nationals and those who followed the updates about COVID-19 vaccines (p < 0.05). The high percentage (26 percent) of those who were undecided in getting vaccinated is a positive sign. As the vaccination campaign gathers pace, the attitude is expected to change over time. Emphasis should be on planning healthcare strategies to convince the undecided HCWs into accepting the vaccine in order to achieve the coverage required to achieve herd immunity.

Effectiveness of a single dose of Japanese encephalitis vaccine among adults, Assam, India, 2012–2018

Vaccine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siraj A. Khan ◽  
Parveena Choudhury ◽  
Sanjeeb Kakati ◽  
Rimamoni Doley ◽  
Manash P. Barman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine
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