scholarly journals Analgesia Synergism of Essential Oil from Pericarp ofZanthoxylum schinifoliumand Verapamil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Wu ◽  
Hanbin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects

Objective. To evaluate the synergistic analgesic effect of essential oil ofZanthoxylum schinifoliumSieb. et Zucc. (EOZ) and verapamil (Ver).Method. The qualitative and quantitative composition of EOZ were determined with gas chromatography/Mass spectrometer. The interaction between EOZ and Ver in antinociceptive activity was evaluated by using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, and tail flick tests in mice and in isolated toad sciatic nerve test.Results. Linalool, limonene, and sabinene are the major components of EOZ. EOZ (middle-dose: 40 mg·kg−1, high-dose: 80 mg·kg−1) and EOZ + Ver (Each dose group) have remarkable analgesic effects on pain in mice induced by acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, and tail flick tests. Low-dose EOZ (20 mg·kg−1) had no analgesic action, but when it is combined with Ver it has shown significant antinociception. Verapamil has a faint analgesic effect but was not able to inhibit action potential transmission in toad sciatic nerve. EOZ (0.2%) and EOZ + Ver (0.2% + 0.05%) also inhibited action potential transmission in toad sciatic nerve. Combination of EOZ with Ver had a greater analgesic effect and inhibition of nerve action potential transmission compared to its components EOZ and Ver.Conclusion. The combination of EOZ with Ver produces a synergistic analgesic effect.

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of methanol leaf extract of Cussonia barteri (Araliaceae) in rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Ighodaro Igbe ◽  
Osaze Edosuyi ◽  
Agbonlahor Okhuarobo ◽  
Adarki Pongri ◽  
Nkechi Maduako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ear Oedema

Summary Introduction: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Syria. Potato tuber moth Cussonia barteri is a small tree that grows in the sub-Saharan part of Africa. Various parts of the plant are used for the treatment of a variety of ailments in ethno-medicine. Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of the methanol leaf extract of Cussonia barteri. Material and methods: The leaves were air-dried, powdered and repeatedly extracted with methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. The resulting methanol extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, xylene-induced ear oedema and formalin-induced arthritis tests. Analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced mouse writhing, hot plate and tail flick tests. Results: All doses of the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema, however the 400 mg/kg dose gave a sustained effect. The extract significantly inhibited xylene induced ear oedema at all doses. There were no significant (p>0.05) reductions in paw swellings due to formalin. In the acetic acid induced writhing test, the extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased writhing at 400 mg/kg only. Reaction times were not significantly different from the control in the hot plate and tail flick tests. Conclusion: This study has shown that the methanol extract possesses acute anti-inflammatory and peripherally mediated analgesic effects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of a combination of tramadol-pregabalin in animal models of pain and inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Suthakaran C. ◽  
Raja T. A. R. ◽  
Kayalvizhi M. K. ◽  
Nithya K. ◽  
Ramnarayana Reddy R. V.
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Provide Pain Relief ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rats And Mice

Background: A major goal of pain management is to provide pain relief that is clinically meaningful, sustained, and associated with minimum and reversible adverse effects. Since single analgesic drug is not effective in all patients, there is a need either to develop new and more effective drugs or to identify favourable combinations of drugs that are already available. The aim of the present was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of tramadol and pregabalin when used alone or in combination in animal models of pain and inflammation.Methods: The animals (rats and mice) were divided into eight groups with six animals in each group. Analgesia was assessed by acetic acid induced writhing and tail flick methods in mice and hot plate method in rats. Paw oedema model in rats after induction with 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan was used to assess the anti‑inflammatory activity. The percentage inhibition of writhes and prolongation of reaction time were used for assessing analgesic activity and reduction in paw volume was used for assessing anti-inflammatory activity. The results obtained were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD Post-hoc Test.Results: Treatment with tramadol pregabalin alone or in combination reduced writhing episodes significantly in acetic acid induced writhing in mice as compared to control indicating its analgesic effect and the highest percentage inhibition of pain was seen with high dose tramadol plus pregabalin. Treatment in Hot plate and Tail flick methods significantly prolonged the reaction time at all time points.Conclusions: Tramadol when combined with pregabalin may enhance its anti-nociceptive effects. If confirmed in additional models of acute and/or chronic pain this combination might be useful in the clinical management of pain not associated with inflammation.

scholarly journals Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Ferulago angulata

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e28-e28
Author(s):  
Valiollah Hajhashemi ◽  
Samira Rafieian Kopaei ◽  
Seyed Ebrahim Sajjadi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Croton Oil ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Phenolic Extracts

Introduction: Ferulago angulata from the Apiaceae family, has high flavonoid content and is detected to have anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Objectives: In this study, we sought to determine the components of essential oil and to estimate total phenol and flavonoid contents of its various extracts. We also aimed to find out the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil, hydro-alcoholic and phenolic extracts of F. angulata aerial parts. Materials and Methods: The plant’s essential oil and extracts were prepared according to standard methods. Acetic acid, hot plate and formalin tests were used to investigate anti-nociceptive effects. Additionally, carrageenan and croton oil tests were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects. Results: Ferulago angulata aerial parts yielded 0.2% (v/w) yellowish essential oil. The gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of essential oil identified 82 compounds, which represented 98.9% of the essential oil. Thymol (7.9%), spathulenol (6.5%), trans-anethol (6.4%), myristicin (5.1%) and alpha-pinene (4.5%) were the main components. In acetic acid and formalin tests, the essential oil, hydro-alcoholic and phenolic extracts showed significant anti-nociceptive effects (P<0.001). In hot plate test, morphine which was used as standard drug, revealed significant anti-nociceptive effect while the plant extracts and essential oil were ineffective. High dose of the extracts and essential oil in croton oil test (P<0.001) and high dose of hydro-alcoholic and phenolic extracts in carrageenan test (P<0.05) reduced the inflammation. Conclusion: Ferulago angulata extracts and essential oil have anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. However, further studies are needed to clarify their mechanism of actions.

Antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of Hunteria umbellata stem bark: possible role of the serotonergic, opioidergic and dopaminergic pathways

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osaze Edosuyi ◽  
Ighodaro Igbe ◽  
Loretta Oghenekome Iniaghe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways

AbstractBackground(HU) (K. Schum) is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain, diabetes mellitus and dysmenorrhoea. This study evaluated the analgesic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of HU stem bark and the possible mechanism(s) of action.MethodsThe antinociceptive effect of HU was evaluated using acetic acid mouse writhing, tail flick, hot plate and formalin-induced paw licking models. To establish the possible mechanism(s) of action of HU, separate group of animals were pretreated with naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.), atropine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), ondansetron (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and phenoxybenzamine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), 15 min before HU. TheResultsThe extract at 150 and 300 mg/kg, significantly (pConclusionsResults obtained in this study suggest the involvement of serotonergic, opioidergic and dopaminergic pathways in the analgesic effect of HU stem bark, in addition to its potent antioxidant potential.

scholarly journals Role of dopaminergic system in oxytocin analgesia: The missing part in a puzzle

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092
Author(s):  
Yaşar Taştemur ◽  
Ahmet Şevki Taşkıran ◽  
Ahmet Altun ◽  
Ahmet Kemal Filiz ◽  
Kader Gülmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Sch 23390 ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
D2 Agonist ◽  
D1 Agonist ◽  
D2 Antagonist

Purpose: To investigate the analgesic effects of oxytocin (OT) and elucidate the role of dopaminergic system in its mechanisms.Methods: In this study, 72 male (n=6 for each group) 230-250 gr Wistar Albino rats were used. Firstly, dose studies were performed with 100 μg/kg, 200 μg/kg and 400 μg/kg to determine the optimal analgesic effect of oxytocin. Optimal dose was found at 200 μg/kg, and then animals were divided into nine groups: Saline, D1 agonist (SKF 38393; 0.1 mg/kg), D1 antagonist (SCH-23390; 0.1 mg/kg), D1 agonist + oxytocin, D1 antagonist + oxytocin, D2 agonist (Cabergoline; 0,5 mg/kg), D2 antagonist (Sulpride; 10 mg/kg), D2 agonist + oxytocin and D2 antagonist + oxytocin. Serum physiologic saline was given to the saline group and other drugs were administered intraperitoneally at the indicated doses. Tail-flick and hot-plate tests were used to measure analgesic effects. Analgesic tests were measured in 30 min-intervals (at 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th min) and recorded in seconds. To evaluate maximum antinociceptive effect (% MPE), the tail-flick and hot-plate latencies were converted to the antinociceptive effectivenessResults: The results show that D1 antagonist SCH-23390 (0.1 mg/kg) and D2 agonist cabergoline (0.5 mg/kg) created strong analgesia while the D1 agonist SKF 38393 (0.1 mg/kg) and D2 antagonist sulpiride (10 mg/kg) did not have any analgesic effect. However, only D2 antagonist sulpiride blocked the analgesic effect produced by OTConclusion: OT may be one of the primary agents participating in spinal analgesia, and the dopaminergic system is one of the central mechanisms of action for this important molecule. The dopaminergic system may also be one of the targets for ‘descending’ analgesic system. Keywords: Oxytocin, Tail flick, Hot plate, Dopaminergic, Analgesic, Antagonist, Agonist

Phytochemical Investigation, Acute Toxicity, Central Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts and Essential Oil of Cotula cinerea Del (Asteraceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Fatima E. Guaouguaou ◽  
Mohamed A.A. Bebaha ◽  
Khalid Taghzouti ◽  
Nour E. Es-Safi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Cotula Cinerea

Background: Cotula cinerea belongs to the Asteraceae family and grows in desert areas such as Moroccan Sahara. The use of this plant in Moroccan traditional medicine prompted us to investigate its chemical composition, its acute oral toxicity, its analgesic and antioxidative activities. Methods: Extraction was conducted by steam distillation for essential oil and by maceration using solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol) for other non-volatile compounds. Quantitative analysis of total polyphenols, procyanidins and flavonoids was conducted through spectrophotometric assays. Qualitative phytochemical composition of the essential oil was investigated by GC/MS analysis. Acute oral toxicity was tested at a dose of 2000 mg/kg in mice. Central analgesic effect was assessed in rat using tail flick and hot plate models and the obtained results were compared to morphine. Antioxidant activity of the essential oil and the obtained extracts was evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH°) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays and the obtained results were compared to TROLOX. Results: The obtained results showed that the studied extracts contained significant amounts of total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins. The phytochemical composition of the essential oil was predominated by thujone, eucalyptol and santolinatriene. The results of the acute oral toxicity showed that the tested essential oil and extracts were not toxic even at the highest dose of 2000 mg/kg. Experiments on analgesic activity showed that the administered extracts have a central analgesic effect. The highest effect was observed with the n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts for both tail-flick and hot plate tests. The antioxidant activity of the explored extracts showed higher scavenging activities of the studied samples compared to TROLOX. Conclusion: Our results indicate thus that C. cinerea could be considered as a source of various secondary metabolites including terpenoids and polyphenols. Exploration of its biological activities showed that the plant essential oil and extracts possessed antioxidant and analgesic effects. Based on the results of this study, it is likely that extracts of C. cinerea could open perspectives for its use for pain relief.

scholarly journals New ibuprofen derivatives with thiazolidine-4-one scaffold with improved pharmaco-toxicological profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana-Mirela Vasincu ◽  
Maria Apotrosoaei ◽  
Sandra Constantin ◽  
Maria Butnaru ◽  
Liliana Vereștiuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Thermal Nociception ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Aryl-propionic acid derivatives with ibuprofen as representative drug are very important for therapy, being recommended especially for anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. On other hand 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one scaffold is an important heterocycle, which is associated with different biological effects such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic, antioxidant, antiviral, antiproliferative, antimicrobial etc. The present study aimed to evaluated the toxicity degree and the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of new 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one derivatives of ibuprofen. Methods For evaluation the toxicity degree, cell viability assay using MTT method and acute toxicity assay on rats were applied. The carrageenan-induced paw-edema in rat was used for evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect while for analgesic effect the tail-flick test, as thermal nociception in rats and the writhing assay, as visceral pain in mice, were used. Results The toxicological screening, in terms of cytotoxicity and toxicity degree on mice, revealed that the ibuprofen derivatives (4a-n) are non-cytotoxic at 2 μg/ml. In addition, ibuprofen derivatives reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, for most of them the maximum effect was recorded at 4 h after administration which means they have medium action latency, similar to that of ibuprofen. Moreover, for compound 4d the effect was higher than that of ibuprofen, even after 24 h of administration. The analgesic effect evaluation highlighted that 4 h showed increased pain inhibition in reference to ibuprofen in thermal (tail-flick assay) and visceral (writhing assay) nociception models. Conclusions The study revealed for ibuprofen derivatives, noted as 4 m, 4 k, 4e, 4d, a good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect and also a safer profile compared with ibuprofen. These findings could suggest the promising potential use of them in the treatment of inflammatory pain conditions.

Assessment of the Analgesic Effect of Centhaquin in Mouse Tail Flick and Hot-Plate Tests

Pharmacology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shridhar V. Andurkar ◽  
Anil Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate

The nitric oxide–cGMP signaling pathway plays a significant role in tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Ozdemir ◽  
Ihsan Bagcivan ◽  
Nedim Durmus ◽  
Ahmet Altun ◽  
Sinan Gursoy
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Morphine Tolerance ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Cgmp Signaling

Although the phenomenon of opioid tolerance has been widely investigated, neither opioid nor nonopioid mechanisms are completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the nitric oxide (NO)–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the development of morphine-induced analgesia tolerance. The study was carried out on male Wistar albino rats (weighing 180–210 g; n = 126). To develop morphine tolerance, animals were given morphine (50 mg/kg; s.c.) once daily for 3 days. After the last dose of morphine was injected on day 4, morphine tolerance was evaluated. The analgesic effects of 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1), BAY 41-2272, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and morphine were considered at 15 or 30 min intervals (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) by tail-flick and hot-plate analgesia tests (n = 6 in each study group). The results showed that YC-1 and BAY 41-2272, a NO-independent activator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), significantly increased the development and expression of morphine tolerance, and L-NAME, a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, significantly decreased the development of morphine tolerance. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the nitric oxide–cGMP signal pathway plays a pivotal role in developing tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine.

scholarly journals Comparison of antinociceptive effect of the antiepileptic drug gabapentin to that of various dosage combinations of gabapentin with lamotrigine and topiramate in mice and rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshab Raj Paudel ◽  
SK Bhattacharya ◽  
GP Rauniar ◽  
BP Das
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Mechanical Hyperalgesia ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects

ABSTRACT Introduction: Newer anticonvulsants have a neuromodulatory effect on pain perception mechanisms in a hyperexcitable and damaged nervous system. Aim: This study was designed to study the analgesic effects of gabapentin alone and in combination with lamotrigine and topiramate in experimental pain models. Materials and Methods: Adult albino mice (n = 490) weighing 20–30 g and rats (n = 130) weighing 100–200 g were injected intraperitoneally with gabapentin, lamotrigine, and topiramate alone and in different dose combinations. The hot-plate method, tail-flick method, capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, and formalin assay were used to assess the antinociceptive effects. Results: Of the three antiepileptic drugs, when given separately, gabapentin was more efficacious than either topiramate or lamotrigine in all the pain models. Combination of 25 mg/kg gabapentin with 25 mg/kg topiramate was more efficacious (P <.05) than 50 mg/kg gabapentin alone in the capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia test. Similarly, 50 mg/kg gabapentin with 50 mg/kg topiramate or 5 mg/kg lamotrigine was more efficacious (P <.05) than 50 or 100 mg/kg gabapentin alone in late-phase formalin-induced behaviors. Conclusions: Combination of gabapentin with either lamotrigine or topiramate produced better results than gabapentin alone in capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia test and in late-phase formalin-induced behaviors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document