scholarly journals Abnormalities in Pattern of Lateralization in Relation to Visuospatial Short Term Memory in Children with Williams Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Antonios Chasouris ◽  
Peter Mayer ◽  
Ian Stuart-Hamilton ◽  
Martin Graff ◽  
Lance Workman
Keyword(s):  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Visuospatial Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder characterised by significant intellectual disability. Initial studies indicate that children with WS have a profound bias for information in the top left of visual arrays. Study 1, using a visuospatial memory test for items presented in a 3×3 matrix, found a significant top left bias in WS children relative to controls. Study 2 used a probe-based memory test with arrays in which items appeared with equal probability in each position. Relative to controls, WS children showed a significant top and left bias. In Study 3, the same children engaged in a visual search task and again, a top and left bias was found in the WS group. It is concluded that children with WS display atypical laterality, which might be explained by abnormal saccadic movements, by abnormalities involving development of the dorsal stream or by uneven cortical development.

scholarly journals Children With Williams Syndrome: Language, Cognitive, and Behavioral Characteristics and Their Implications for Intervention

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn B. Mervis ◽  
Shelley L. Velleman
Keyword(s):  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Conceptual Language

Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by heart disease, failure to thrive, hearing loss, intellectual or learning disability, speech and language delay, gregariousness, and nonsocial anxiety. The WS psycholinguistic profile is complex, including relative strengths in concrete vocabulary, phonological processing, and verbal short-term memory; and relative weaknesses in relational/conceptual language, reading comprehension, and pragmatics. Many children evidence difficulties with finiteness marking and complex grammatical constructions. Speech-language intervention, support, and advocacy are crucial.

Symptomvalidierungstests in der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik: eine Analogstudie

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Merten ◽  
Matthias Henry ◽  
Robin Hilsabeck
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
Word Completion

Zusammenfassung: In der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik, mehr noch aber in der Begutachtung gewinnen Symptomvalidierungstests (SVT) zur Untersuchung der Leistungsmotivation zunehmend an Bedeutung. In einer Analogstudie wurde die Güte zweier international bekannter Verfahren (Word Memory Test; Amsterdam Short Term Memory Test) sowie einer Neuentwicklung (Word Completion Memory Test) untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden Leistungstests eingesetzt: der Trail Making Test (TMT), der Complex Figure Test sowie die Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM). Eine Gruppe von 10 experimentellen Simulanten wurde spezifisch auf die Vortäuschung von Gedächtnisstörungen vorbereitet, während eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 10) optimale Testanstrengung zeigen sollte. Alle SVT führten im Gegensatz zu den Simulationsmarkern des TMT und der SPM zu einer ausgezeichneten Klassifikationsgüte (95-100 %). Die neuropsychologischen Leistungsmaße wiesen zwar signifikante Gruppenunterschiede aus, zeigten aber auch eine nicht unbedeutende Überlappung der Verteilungen. Mehr Studien sind notwendig, um den SVT in den deutschsprachigen Ländern den Platz zu sichern, den sie international aktuell in der klinisch-neuropsychologischen Forschung und Praxis einnehmen.

Demographic and Intellectual Correlates of the Short-Term Memory Test

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Gail L. Bjerklie ◽  
Arthur MacNeill Horton
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Term Memory

This study examined the effect of demographic variables and intellectual factors on the Short-term Memory Test. Subjects were 20 patients neurologically diagnosed as brain-damaged. There was only one significant correlation between Verbal IQ and the Short-term Memory Test. Demographic variables of age, education, and sex did not correlate significantly with scores of the Short-term Memory Test.

scholarly journals A bilingual advantage in memory capacity: Assessing the roles of proficiency, number of languages acquired and age of acquisition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Martin Durand López
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Visuospatial Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
L2 Learners

This study examines whether different types of bilingualism modulate memory capacity differently. More specifically, the study assesses the effects of age of acquisition, number of languages acquired and proficiency in the L2 on phonological short-term memory, visuospatial memory and semantic memory.DesignMemory capacity was measured by means of three tasks: digit span task (phonological short-term memory), Corsi block task (visuospatial memory) and word span task (semantic memory). Participants were divided into five groups based on the number of languages acquired, age of acquisition and proficiency: monolinguals, intermediate L2 learners, advanced L2 learners, simultaneous bilinguals and multilinguals.Data and analysisAnalyses of variance were used to analyze participants’ scores for each of the memory tasks.Findings and conclusionsFor the word span task, no significant differences were found among the groups, which supports the notion that semantic memory is language independent. Furthermore, intermediate and advanced L2 learners and multilinguals presented significantly higher phonological short-term memory spans compared to simultaneous bilinguals. Finally, intermediate L2 learners and multilinguals significantly outperformed monolinguals on visuospatial memory spans. Results suggest that L2 acquisition might strengthen both visuospatial and phonological short-term memory, which in turn tend to improve as L2 proficiency increases.OriginalityWhile previous studies have provided evidence of a bilingual advantage in memory capacity, these studies have generally grouped different types of bilinguals together (e.g., L2 leaners and heritage speakers). This study takes a step forward by examining differences on memory capacity across different types of bilinguals and in comparison to their monolingual peers in order to better understand the cognitive effects of bilingualism.Significance and implicationsWhen considering age of acquisition, number of languages acquired and proficiency as grouping factors, different effects of bilingualism on memory capacity can be observed. Future studies on this matter should include bilingual participants that are comparable with regard to the aforementioned variables.

Amsterdam Short-Term Memory Test

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schmand ◽  
J. Lindeboom ◽  
Th. Merten ◽  
S.R. Millis
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Short-term Memory Test

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tamboer ◽  
Harrie C. M. Vorst ◽  
Frans J. Oort
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Validation of a short-term memory test for the recognition of people and faces

Ergonomics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Leyk ◽  
A. Sievert ◽  
A. Heiss ◽  
W. Gorges ◽  
D. Ridder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Charting the Diversity of Strategic Processes in Visuospatial Short-Term Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 174569162095069
Author(s):  
Corentin Gonthier
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Visuospatial Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Strategic Processes ◽  
Strategic Behaviors ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
The Difference

Despite the abundant literature on visuospatial short-term memory, researchers have devoted little attention to strategic processes: What procedures do subjects implement to memorize visuospatial material? Evidence for various strategies exists, but it is spread across a variety of fields. This integrative review of the literature brings together scattered evidence to provide an overview of strategic processes in visuospatial memory tasks. The diversity of strategies and their proposed operating mechanisms are reviewed and discussed. The evidence leads to proposing seven broad strategic processes used in visuospatial short-term memory, each with multiple variants. Strategies can vary across individuals, but the same subjects also appear to use multiple strategies depending on the perceptual features of to-be-remembered displays. These results point to a view of visuospatial strategies as a functional library of facilitatory processes on which subjects can draw to support visuospatial short-term memory performance. Implications are discussed for the difference between visual and spatial tasks, for the appropriate measurement of strategic behaviors, and for the interpretation of performance in visuospatial memory tasks.

scholarly journals Non-verbal intelligence outperforms selective attention in a visual short-term memory test

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Anunciação ◽  
Anna Portugal ◽  
Ivan Rabelo ◽  
J. Landeira-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Mining Procedure

AbstractShort-term memory is a dynamic psychological process that operates within a network in which non-verbal intelligence and attentional domains are connected. However, no consensus has been reached about which process has the greatest effect on this memory ability, which was the main objective of the present study. A sample of 1448 Brazilian participants (mean age = 26.62 years, standard deviation = 9.97 years; 53.9% females) were collectively tested on pen-and-paper standardized and validated measures of selective (ROTAS-C), alternating (ROTAS-A), and divided (ROTAS-D) attention. They also performed the R1 Non-verbal Intelligence Test and a visual short-term memory test (Memória Visual de Curto Prazo [MEMORE] test). The statistical analyses consisted of a data mining procedure, in which exhaustive automatic selection screening was performed. The results were compared with Corrected Akaike Information Criteria. The linear model met the classic assumptions of ordinary least squares and only included main effects of selective attention (standardized β = 0.39) and non-verbal intelligence (standardized β = 0.37) as main predictors (F2,39 = 7.01, p < 0.01, adjusted R2 = 24%). The results are discussed within a cognitive psychology framework.

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