scholarly journals Emission Controls Using Different Temperatures of Combustion Air

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Nosek ◽  
Michal Holubčík ◽  
Štefan Papučík
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Emission Controls ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

The effort of many manufacturers of heat sources is to achieve the maximum efficiency of energy transformation chemically bound in the fuel to heat. Therefore, it is necessary to streamline the combustion process and minimize the formation of emission during combustion. The paper presents an analysis of the combustion air temperature to the heat performance and emission parameters of burning biomass. In the second part of the paper the impact of different dendromass on formation of emissions in small heat source is evaluated. The measured results show that the regulation of the temperature of the combustion air has an effect on concentration of emissions from the combustion of biomass.

Formation of Emission from Combustion of Biomass in Small Heat Source

2016 ◽  
Vol 688 ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Nosek ◽  
Michal Holubcik ◽  
Jozef Jandacka ◽  
Peter Vician
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Particle Emissions

The fireplace combustion of wood is a significant and largely unregulated source of emission pollution. Therefore article deals about experimental measurements of emission parameters from combustion of biomass in small heat sources. The objectives of the present work are to analyse basic pollutants arising from the combustion process and to define measurement technique applied to characterise particle emissions from biomass combustion. Gravimetric methods are among the most accurate and precise methods of quantitative analysis and therefore was selected for measurement of solid emissions. Conclusion of work focus on evaluation of the tests results, especially concentration of particulate matter (PM) from the combustion of briquettes made from different kinds of biomass. During the combustion of certain briquettes was recorded a high amount of particulate matter and analyser switched to “stand by” mode in several cases. The results indicate that higher concentration of PM was determined in the case of briquettes made from phytomass in comparison to briquettes made of woody biomass.

scholarly journals Ball screw unit precise modelling with dynamics of loads and moving heat sources taken into account

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Jerzy JEDRZEJEWSKI ◽  
Zbigniew KOWAL ◽  
Wojciech KWASNY ◽  
Zdzislaw WINIARSKI
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Ball Screw ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Positioning Precision ◽  
Head Positioning ◽  
Work Cycle ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the precision modelling of the ball screw unit’s thermal behaviour in the turning centre and its impact on the tool head positioning error. The error components along controllable axes X and Z are described in detail using an FE model integrating the changes in thermal and force loads and deformations occurring during the motion of the nut as a heat source. The impact of the nut work cycle on the thermal deformations of the ball screw and the displacements of the slideways and the screw points along both the axes and on carriage positioning precision is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Study on loss processes in solar cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Ahmed B Abdurrhman ◽  
Fatima Zakria ◽  
Hamed A. Said
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Spectral Reflectivity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Solar Conversion ◽  
The Impact

Determining heat sources for solar cells is essential to avoid energy loss, which in turn causes the efficiency of solar cells to decrease and therefore, the loss processes have a significant impact on solar conversion. This paper presents a study of intrinsic and exogenous losses in solar cells, identification of the resulting energy loss at different temperatures, and discusses the impact of exogenous and spectral reflectivity on solar cell performance. The results show an increase in thermal loss with an increase in temperature, which in turn leads to a decrease in the efficiency of solar cells. Also explained that the external radiate efficiency, spectral reflectance and operating temperature significantly affect the loss processes. The efficiency of the cell begins to decrease with the decrease of its external radiate efficiency.

Effects of Emulsified Fuel on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Aeroengine Combustors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. De Giorgi ◽  
E. Pescini ◽  
S. Campilongo ◽  
G. Ciccarella ◽  
D. Fontanarosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Structure ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Emulsified Fuel ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of the present work is the experimental investigation of the effects of the addition of water and urea into jet fuels, on the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and eventually improvement of the lean flame stability in aeroengine combustors. Experiments have been carried out using a 300-kW liquid-fueled swirling combustor. Various urea and/or water concentrations have been tested at the same fuel/air ratio. In order to study the flame behavior, non-invasive optical diagnostic techniques, as charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras in different spectral ranges (Visible and UV ranges, with different optical filters), have been adopted to analyze the shape and the brightness of the flame structure. Measurements of exhaust emissions (NOx, SO2, CO, CO2 and O2) have also been performed in order to evaluate the impact of emulsification on the entire combustion process. Finally, the thermal efficiency losses with respect to the neat jet test case were also analyzed for each emulsified fuel condition.

Effects of Emulsified Fuel on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Aeroengine Combustors

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. De Giorgi ◽  
E. Pescini ◽  
S. Campilongo ◽  
G. Ciccarella ◽  
D. Fontanarosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Structure ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Emulsified Fuel ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this work is the experimental investigation of the effects of the addition of water and urea into jet fuels, on the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and eventually improvement of the lean flame stability in aeroengine combustors. Experiments have been carried out using a 300-kW liquid-fueled swirling combustor. Various urea and/or water concentrations have been tested at the same fuel/air ratio. In order to study the flame behavior, noninvasive optical diagnostic techniques, as charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras in different spectral ranges (visible and UV ranges, with different optical filters), have been adopted to analyze the shape and the brightness of the flame structure. Measurements of exhaust emissions (NOx, SO2, carbon monoxide (CO), CO2, and O2) have also been performed in order to evaluate the impact of emulsification on the entire combustion process. Finally, the thermal efficiency losses with respect to the neat jet test case were also analyzed for each emulsified fuel condition.

scholarly journals Study of secondary heat sources over India during southwest monsoon 2002

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
U. V. BHIDE ◽  
S. M. BAWISKAR ◽  
V. R. MUJUMDAR ◽  
P. V. PURANIK ◽  
S. P. GHANEKAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Circulation ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
The Impact

The southwest monsoon of 2002 has three unusual features viz., (i) delay in advance over westernmost parts of India by one month, (ii) absence of depressions/storms over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea and (iii) -51% departure of all India rainfall in July. These features of intra-seasonal variability have been studied in this paper. Apparent heat source (Q1) and apparent moisture sink (Q2) over Indian region have been estimated using daily NCEP-reanalysis data, for June - September 2002 to study the intra-seasonal variations of the secondary heat sources in relation to observed intra-seasonal variations of circulation and rainfall over India.The intensities of vertically integrated heat source < Q1 > and moisture sink < Q2 > are found to coincide with the excess rainfall zone over India in June 2002, whereas the intensities of < Q1 > and < Q2 > over central parts of the country in July 2002 are not comparable. This indicates absence of convective rainfall and increased sensible heating over India in July. The x-t diagram of heating and drying rates at 500 hPa along 22.5° N shows large positive heating and drying rates of the order of 16° C per day over the western trough region around 26 June. Following this event, low positive or negative values are observed over central India in July.The y-t diagram of vertical velocity at 500 hPa shows strong subsidence near the foot hills of Himalayas during the season. This has affected the formation of depressions or storms over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. Adiabatic and diabatic heating as well as drying in the troposphere has led to the break-like situation over India in July 2002 and weaker monsoon circulation during August and September. The analysis has brought out the impact of northern hemispheric mid-latitude circulation on intra-seasonal variability of southwest monsoon 2002 more clearly. 

Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

PLANETARY SELF-ORGANIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
OLEG IVANOV
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Type

The general characteristics of planetary systems are described. Well-known heat sources of evolution are considered. A new type of heat source, variations of kinematic parameters in a dynamical system, is proposed. The inconsistency of the perovskite-post-perovskite heat model is proved. Calculations of inertia moments relative to the D boundary on the Earth are given. The 9 times difference allows us to claim that the sliding of the upper layers at the Earth's rotation speed variations emit heat by viscous friction.This heat is the basis of mantle convection and lithospheric plate tectonics.

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