scholarly journals The Effect ofBabesia divergensInfection on the Spleen of Mongolian Gerbils

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Dkhil ◽  
Saleh Al-Quraishy ◽  
Mohamed S. Al-Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cell Cycle Alteration ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Babesiosis is caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites transmitted by ticks and affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals and occasionally humans. The current study aimed to investigate the effect ofB. divergensinfected erythrocytes on spleen histopathology, cell cycle alteration, and the presence of oxidative stress. Mongolian gerbils were challenged with 5 × 106  Babesia divergensinfected erythrocytes. Parasitemia reached approximately 77% at day 5 postinfection. Infection also induced injury of the spleen. This was evidenced with (i) increases in cellular damage of the spleen, (ii) decrease in antioxidant capacity as indicated by decreased glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels, (iii) increased production of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide derived products (nitrite/nitrate), and (iv) increased lactic acid dehydrogenase activity and protein carbonyl content in the spleen. Infection interfered with normal cell cycle of the spleen cells at G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases. On the basis of the above results it can be hypothesized thatB. divergensinfected erythrocytes could alter the spleen histopathology and cause cell cycle alteration and induce oxidative stress in splenic tissue.

Melatonin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative damage in different tissues of rat: a mechanistic insight

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Mitra ◽  
Bharati Bhattacharjee ◽  
Palash Kumar Pal ◽  
Arnab Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Sanatan Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Nadh Cytochrome ◽  
Cd Exposure

Cadmium (Cd) is a notorious environmental pollutant known for its wide range of toxicities to organisms. Thus, the present study is designed to examine whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant, protects against Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney of rats. Cd treatment at a dose of 0.44 mg/kg for 15 days caused severe damage in all these organs. These included significantly increased activities of SGPT, SGOT, lactate dehydrogenase- 1 and 5 and ALP and levels of total lactate, creatinine, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content and reduced glutathione while the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase along with mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-keto glutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH-cytochrome-c-oxidoreductase and cytochrome-c-oxidase were significantly reduced by Cd. However, if melatonin was given orally 30 min before Cd injection, all these alterations induced by Cd were significantly preserved by melatonin. Histological observations also demonstrated that Cd exposure caused cellular lesions, promoting necrotic or apoptotic changes. Notably, all these changes were significantly protected by melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin is a beneficial molecule to ameliorate Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney tissues of rats with its powerful antioxidant capacity, heavy metal chelating activity and competition of binding sites with Cd to the GSH and catalase.

Alteration in the oxidative status of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) fed with a diet containing Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Eda Güneş
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbonyl Content ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dried Extract

Abstract The aim of the this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh, dried and freeze-dried Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae) on the oxidant and antioxidant status of the model organism D. melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) experimentally. The study was carried out from 2016 to 2019, and plant leaf extracts (0-50 mg/l) were added to insect standard artificial diets. The total protein, protein carbonyl content and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were quantified at the insect’s third larval stage. Our data showed that protein carbonyl content varied from 2.70 nmol/mg protein in the control group to 59.11 nmol/mg protein in the group fed with fresh leaf extract signifying induction of oxidative stress. All extracts increased the levels of all antioxidant enzymes and decreased the amounts of total protein. Meanwhile, the group fed with the freeze-dried extract showed no significant difference in the levels of total protein and protein carbonyl content except at the 50 mg/l concentration of the extract. Moreover, this group had superoxide dismutase and catalase activities 4 to 5 times higher than in the control group. In conclusion, induction of oxidative stress indicates that the fresh form of C. depressa leaves may have potential as a natural pesticide, whereas induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes by the freeze-dried extract suggest its potential as an antioxidant.

scholarly journals Protein carbonyls and protein thiols in rheumatoid arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pullaiah P. ◽  
Suchitra M. M. ◽  
Siddhartha Kumar B.
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Carbonyl Content ◽  
Protein Thiol ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Protein Thiols

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) has an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OS causes protein modification, thereby impairing the biological functions of the protein. This study was conducted to assess the oxidatively modified protein as protein carbonyl content and the antioxidant status as protein thiols, and to study the association between protein carbonyls and protein thiols in RA.Methods: Newly diagnosed RA patients who were not taking any disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were included into the study group (n=45) along with age and sex matched healthy controls (n=45). Serum protein carbonyl content and protein thiols were estimated.Results: Elevated protein carbonyl content and decreased protein thiol levels (p<0.001) were observed in RA. A significant negative correlation was observed between protein carbonyl content and protein thiol levels (p<0.001).Conclusions: Oxidative stress in RA is evidenced by enhanced protein oxidation and decreased antioxidant protein thiol levels. Decreased protein thiols may also reflect protein modifications leading to compromise in the antioxidant properties. This oxidant and antioxidant imbalance needs to be addressed by therapeutic interventions to prevent disease progression.

Myricetin May Provide Protection against Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Erythrocytes

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 626-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanti Bhooshan Pandey ◽  
Neetu Mishra ◽  
Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Oxidative stress is believed to be a major contributing factor in the development of late complications of diabetes. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that several parameters of red blood cell function and integrity are negatively affected by increased oxidative stress. Plant polyphenols are reported to exert many biological effects due to their antioxidant property. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant effect of myricetin on markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes from type 2 diabetic patients. The study was carried out on blood samples obtained from 23 type 2 diabetic patients and 23 age-matched control subjects. Erythrocytes were subjected to in vitro oxidative stress by incubating with 10-5 M tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl group levels. The results showed an elevated MDA and protein carbonyl content in diabetic erythrocytes which were further increased after incubation with t-BHP. Myricetin at micromolar concentration significantly (p < 0.01) protected an t-BHP-induced increase in levels of oxidative stress parameters of diabetic erythrocytes

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 3319-3319
Author(s):  
Clara Lo ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Kristina Cusmano-Ozog ◽  
Wendy Wong ◽  
Michael Jeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Carbonyl Content ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Chronic Itp ◽  
Redox Capacity ◽  
Acute Itp

Abstract Abstract 3319 Background: An unpredictable subset of patients (∼20–30%) with pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) progress to chronic ITP; this increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from bleeding, long-term immunomodulation, and/or splenectomy. Furthermore, treatments such as chronic steroid therapy often result in intolerable side effects, raising the need for targeted therapies. We previously tested a novel list of genes that might predict progression to chronic ITP (Zhang et al Blood 2011). Oxidative stress (OS)-related pathways were among those most significantly perturbed in chronic ITP. For further evaluation of the role of OS in ITP, we measured glutathione as a marker of redox capacity and protein carbonyl content as a marker of oxidative cell damage. Methods: Pediatric patients with primary ITP were included, with exclusion of subjects with secondary thrombocytopenia, other autoimmune disorders (ie, lupus), or other chronic illnesses. Healthy pediatric volunteers were recruited as controls. Patients had blood draws within 1 month from ITP diagnosis. Reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione ratios were measured from whole blood by tandem mass-spectrometry. Protein carbonyl content (PCC) levels were measured from platelet-rich plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subjects were followed up to 15 months from diagnosis and monitored for disease resolution or progression. Chronic ITP was defined as thrombocytopenia (platelets <100,000/μL) lasting at least 12 months from diagnosis (Rodegheiro et al Blood 2009). Acute ITP was defined as thrombocytopenia resolving within 12 months from diagnosis. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: Between July 2009 and December 2011, 67 pediatric patients with ITP were recruited. Thirty-four patients had acute ITP, and 33 patients progressed to chronic ITP. The median age of patients was 7 years (range 18 months – 17 years). Sixty-three percent were female, 37% were male. Twenty-four pediatric controls were also recruited (46% female, 54% male). The median age of controls was 8 years (range 5 years – 17 years). Patients with ITP had significantly lower GSH:GSSG ratios compared to controls, and patients with chronic ITP had lower GSH:GSSG ratios compared to those with acute ITP (Figure 1). Furthermore, patients with ITP had significantly higher PCC levels compared to controls (Figure 2). Conclusions: This data provides further evidence for a role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathophysiology of ITP. Furthermore, decreased redox capacity, as evidenced by the decreased glutathione ratios, may be associated with progression to chronic ITP. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) may be important in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in ITP; oxidatively altered cellular by-products induce pathogenic antibodies and become immunogenic. This also raises a potential anti-oxidant mechanism of therapy, which may play a greater role in chronic ITP treatment. Increased understanding of OS in pediatric ITP may reveal markers of disease progression, highlighting those at greatest risk for chronic ITP and creating a role for targeted therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The effects of oral glutamine on cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 616-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premila Abraham ◽  
Bina Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content

Nephrotoxicity is one of the adverse side effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) chemotherapy. In a recent study, we have demonstrated that oxidative stress and glutathione depletion play important roles in CP-induced renal damage. The aim of the study was to verify whether glutamine, the precursor for glutathione synthesis, prevents CP-induced oxidative stress and renal damage using a rat model. Adult male rats were administered a single dose of 150 mg/ kg body weight of CP intraperitoneally. The glutamine-pretreated rats were administered 1 gm/kg body weight of glutamine orally 2 h before the administration of CP. Vehicle/glutaminetreated rats served as controls. All the rats were killed 16 h after the dose of CP/vehicle. The kidneys were removed and used for light microscopic and biochemical studies. The markers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde content, protein carbonyl content, protein thiol, reduced glutathione and myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, were measured in kidney homogenates. CP treatment-induced damage to kidney involved the glomeruli and the tubules. Pretreatment with glutamine reduced CP-induced glutathione depletion and increased myeloperoxidase activity. However, it did not prevent CP-induced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and renal damage. The results of the present study suggest that glutamine pretreatment does not prevent CP-induced lipid peroxidation and renal damage, although it prevents CP-induced glutathione depletion and neutrophil infiltration significantly. It is suggested that mechanisms other than oxidative stress may also be involved and/or oxidative stress may be consequence and not the cause of CP induced renal damage.

scholarly journals DNA Damage in Lymphocytes in Hypertensive Subjects in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-543
Author(s):  
M. Saiedullah ◽  
S. Hayat ◽  
M. R. Zamir ◽  
M. Arif ◽  
Z. H. Howlader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
Bangladeshi Population

Oxidative stress due to imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and their dismutation is claimed to be higher in hypertensive subjects than normotensive subjects. In hypertensive subjects oxidative stress may damage deoxy-ribonucleic acids (DNA). In this study plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, protein carbonyl contents (PCCs) and extent of DNA damage in lymphocytes were measured in specimens obtained from 86 subjects to compare oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage between normotensive and hypertensive subjects and to assess their relationship with the degree of blood pressure. Results were expressed as mean±SD. Two-tailed unpaired t test and Pearson’s correlation test were done to compare or to determine the relationship between groups or variables. SOD activities were 2.85±0.12 unit/mg protein and 3.84±0.45 unit/mg protein (p<0.05) in hypertensive and normotensive groups respectively. PCCs were 4.77±0.36 nmol/mg protein and 3.75±0.23 nmol/mg protein in hypertensive and normotensive groups respectively. Olive tail moments (OTM) were 124.7±11.69 units and 108.9±9.27 units in hypertensive and normotensive groups respectively. The correlation coefficient of OTM was 0.3924 (p<0.05) for diastolic blood pressure and 0.3618 (p<0.05) for systolic blood pressure. Oxidative stress and DNA damage was higher in hypertensives than normotensives and DNA damage correlated positively with blood pressure. Keywords: Superoxide dismutase, Protein carbonyl content, Oxidative stress, Oxidative DNA damage, Hypertension, Bangladeshi population. © 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i3.15022 J. Sci. Res. 5 (3), 535-543 (2013)  

scholarly journals Gold Nanoparticles Promote Oxidant-Mediated Activation of NF-κB and 53BP1 Recruitment-Based Adaptive Response in Human Astrocytes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mytych ◽  
Anna Lewinska ◽  
Jacek Zebrowski ◽  
Maciej Wnuk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Human Astrocytes ◽  
Wide Range

Nanogold-based materials are promising candidate tools for nanobased medicine. Nevertheless, no conclusive information on their cytotoxicity is available. In the present study, we investigated the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on human astrocytesin vitro. Nanogold treatment in a wide range of concentrations did not result in cytotoxicity. In contrast, nanogold provoked changes in the astrocyte cell cycle and induced senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase activity. AuNPs promoted oxidative stress and caused activation of NF-κB pathway. After nanogold treatment, an inverse correlation between the formation of 53BP1 foci and micronuclei generation was observed. The robust 53BP1 recruitment resulted in reduced micronuclei production. Thus, nanogold treatment stimulated an adaptive response in a human astrocyte cell.

Influence of smoking and amount of cigarette consumption on oxidative stress, protein carbonyl content and biochemical parameters

2006 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. S136
Author(s):  
Vügar Aliyev ◽  
Banuçiçek Yücesan ◽  
Şebnem Ş. Çeçen ◽  
Ayşe Karakuş ◽  
Serap Yalçın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Carbonyl Content ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content

scholarly journals Effect of Curcumin on Lifespan, Activity Pattern, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in the Brains of TransgenicDrosophilaModel of Parkinson’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Hasan Siddique ◽  
Falaq Naz ◽  
Smita Jyoti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Intracellular Aggregates ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background. A time dependent loss of dopaminergic neurons and the formation of intracellular aggregates of alpha synuclein have been reported in PD model flies.Methods. The progeny (PD flies) expressing human alpha synuclein was exposed to 25, 50, and 100 µM of curcumin mixed in the diet for 24 days. The effect of curcumin was studied on lifespan, activity pattern, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the brains of PD model flies. The activity of PD model flies was monitored by usingDrosophilaactivity monitors (DAMs). For the estimation of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content were estimated in the flies brains of each treated groups. The cell death inDrosophilabrain was analyzed by isolating brains in Ringer’s solution placing them in 70% ethanol and stained in acridine orange to calculate the gray scale values.Results. The exposure of flies to 25, 50, and 100 µM of curcumin showed a dose dependent significant delay in the loss of activity pattern, reduction in the oxidative stress and apoptosis, and increase in the life span of PD model flies.Conclusion. Curcumin is potent in reducing PD symptoms.

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