scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics of Renal Artery and Kidney in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atilla Yoldas ◽  
Mustafa Orhun Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

The gross anatomy and morphometry of the kidney and renal arteries were studied in the strains of laboratory rat: Sprague-Dawley (Sp) and Wistar (W) rats. Total of 106 three-dimensional endocasts of the intrarenal arteries of kidney that were prepared using standard injection-corrosion techniques were examined. A single renal artery was observed in 100% of the cases. The renal arteries were divided into a dorsal and a ventral branch. The dorsal and ventral branches were divided into two branches, the cranial and caudal branch. Renal arteries were classified into types I and II, depending on the cranial and caudal branches and their made of branching. The present study also showed that the right kidney was slightly heavier than the left one and that the kidney of the male was generally larger than that of the female. The mean live weights of the Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats were found to be 258.26 ± 5.9 and 182.4 ± 19.05 g, respectively. The kidney weights were significantly correlated (P<0.01) with body weights. The kidney weights were not found significantly correlated (P>0.01) with the length of renal arteries.

scholarly journals Macroscopic distribution of the renal artery and intrarenal arteries in mole rats (Spalax leucodon)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yoldas ◽  
A. Aydin ◽  
R. Ilgun
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tissue Capsule

A study was conducted of the kidneys of adult mole rats (Spalax leucodon) to describe the macro- and mesoscopic morphology of the renal arterial distribution and some additional anatomical features. The kidneys of the mole rat lay alongside the vertebral column in the abdominal region, the right kidney situated more cranial than the left. Covered by a thin connective tissue capsule, the kidney was bean-shaped, smooth, and reddish-brown. The mean live weight of the studied mole rats was 203.6 &plusmn; 15.05 g. The mean kidney weight was 0.636 &plusmn; 0.048 g. The mean weight of the right kidney (0.641&plusmn; 0.039 g) was significantly (P &lt; 0.01) heavier than that of the left one (0.630 &plusmn; 0.057g). Sixteen three-dimensional endocasts of the renal artery and intrarenal arteries were prepared using standard injection-corrosion techniques and examined. A single renal artery was observed in 100% of the specimens. The renal arteries divided, forming a dorsal and a ventral branch; these bifurcated forming cranial and caudal segmental branches. No anastomoses were observed between any of these branches. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Histopathology of Microvascular Anastomosis—Comparison of Patent and Nonpatent Anastomosis: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhaval Gohil ◽  
Nasser Mohammed ◽  
Anita Mahadevan ◽  
Nupur Pruthi
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Microvascular Anastomosis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tunica Media ◽  
Skills Laboratory ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End To End ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective To compare the histopathology of patent and nonpatent microvascular anastomosis using rat femoral artery end-to-end anastomosis model. Materials and Methods In 15 Sprague–Dawley rats, end-to-end anastomosis was performed on the right femoral artery. The classical method was used in four cases and one-way up method in 11 cases. The animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks and the anastomosis was subjected to histopathology. The pathological changes in patent and nonpatent cases were compared. Results The immediate patency rate and delayed patency (after 2 weeks) rate was 86.7% and 66.7%, respectively. The mean follow-up was 3 months. At sacrifice, 5/15 anastomosis were not patent. Marked subintimal thickening was noted in ⅘ (80%) of the nonpatent group, which was absent in the patent group. Severe loss or fibrosis of tunica media and marked adventitial inflammation were noted in all nonpatent cases (5/5, 100%). As much as ⅘ of the nonpatent cases had poor or indeterminate apposition; in contrast, good apposition was seen in 6/10 (60%) of the patent group. The mean clamp time and mean suturing time were significantly longer in the nonpatent group (69.2 minutes and 53.8 minutes, respectively) as compared with the patent group (48.8 minutes and 31.8 minutes, respectively). A single case that was initially nonpatent was found to have recanalized at 6 months. Conclusion Minimal intimal injury and reaction, minimal thinning of tunica media, mild-to-moderate adventitial changes, good apposition, and equidistant sutures were associated with a successful microvascular anastomosis. Short duration of vessel clamping time and suturing comes with experience and dedicated practice in a skills laboratory.

Ex Vivo Repair of a Renal Artery Saccular Aneurysm in a Living-Nonrelated Donor and Subsequent Successful Kidney Transplantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-458
Author(s):  
Rogerio A. Muñoz-Vigna ◽  
Javier E. Anaya-Ayala ◽  
Juan N. Ramirez-Robles ◽  
Daniel Nuño-Diaz ◽  
Sandra Olivares-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Saccular Aneurysm ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

The use of kidney grafts with aneurysmal disease involving the renal arteries for transplantation is very uncommon and relatively controversial. We herein present the case of a 52-year-old woman who volunteered to become a living-nonrelated donor; during the preoperative imaging workup, a computed tomography angiography revealed a 1.5-cm saccular aneurysm in the left kidney, while the contralateral renal artery was normal. We decided to utilize the left kidney for a 25-year-old male patient with end-stage renal disease, and following the ex vivo repair using the recipient epigastric vessels and saphenous veins, we completed the transplantation in the right pelvic fossa. The postoperative period was uneventful, and at 8 months from the surgery, the graft remains functional. The surgical repair of renal artery aneurysms followed by immediate kidney transplantation is a safe technique and an effective replacement therapy for recipients. The incidental finding of isolated aneurysmal disease in renal arteries should not exclude graft potential availability for transplantation following repair.

scholarly journals The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Chatzipetros ◽  
Spyros Damaskos ◽  
Konstantinos I. Tosios ◽  
Panos Christopoulos ◽  
Catherine Donta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability. Methods Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm2) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery. Results The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001). Conclusions Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.

scholarly journals Origin, Traject and Distribution of Renal Arteries (Arteriae renalis) in Chinchilla lanigera

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Cristian MARTONOS ◽  
Cristian DEZDROBITU ◽  
Florin STAN ◽  
Aurel DAMIAN ◽  
Alexandru GUDEA
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Formaldehyde Solution ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Aorta Abdominalis ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

For the present study a number of 5 female chinchilla carcasses were used. The animals were slaughtered for commercial purpuses (fur). The anatomical dissection started with the identification of the aorta (Aorta abdominalis). The next step was the intra-arterial injection of a colouring substance. The carcasses was fixed in the formaldehyde solution and subsequently the renal arteries were dissected. The first renal artery was the right renal artery (Arteria renalis dextra) and, at 0,5 cm caudally, the left renal artery (Arteria renalis sinister) arose . The origin of those arteries were disposed on the lateral part of the abdominal aorta.The origin, traject and distribution of renal arteries on the studied species have a high degree of similarity with the literature dates described for leporids.

scholarly journals Variant Anatomy of the Renal Arteries: a Computed Tomography Angiography Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
A. V. Kolsanov ◽  
A. K. Nazaryan ◽  
A. S. Voronin ◽  
O. A. Gelashvili
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Variant Anatomy

The article discusses variant anatomy of the renal arteries, potentials of three-dimensional modeling and use of these data in clinical practice. Despite a large number of studies based on both morphological and clinical approaches there is no general consensus regarding options for dividing the renal artery, the number of its branches, their topolocalization. This is due to the fact that most of the research studies are based on cadaveric material, fixed and unfixed. It is difficult to apply these data to explain medical conditions and pathologies of particular patients. Computed tomography allows performing in vivo investigation of various morphometric parameters of the renal arteries, and these findings can subsequently be used in disease diagnostics and treatment.The aim of the study was to identify patterns of topography, linear dimensions and variant anatomy of the human renal arteries based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) with three-dimensional modeling, and to apply CTA findings in clinical practice.Material and methods. The study included CTA images of the abdomen of 130 patients, and their threedimensional models. A hardware-software complex "Luch-S" and software complex "Avtoplan" (Russian project) were used to perform morphometric analysis. The diameter of the renal artery mouth, the level of origin of the renal artery mouths, as well as the angles between the renal arteries and the abdominal aorta were analyzed morphometrically and statistically.Results. The authors have developed recommendations how to use three-dimensional modeling of vascular- organ complexes in patients at the stage of preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation in clinical practice. Generated dataset of personalized morphometric data can be applied to teach basic operation techniques involving possible damage to abnormal vessels, as well as training specific surgical procedures involving the kidney and its vessels in a simulation-based surgical clinic.

Cardiac Pulsatility– and Respiratory-Induced Deformations of the Renal Arteries and Snorkel Stents After Snorkel Endovascular Aneurysm Sealing

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-564
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Cheng ◽  
Ga-Young Suh ◽  
John J. Kim ◽  
Andrew Holden
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Maximum Curvature ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aneurysm Repair

Purpose: To quantify deformations of renal arteries and snorkel stents after snorkel endovascular aneurysm sealing (Sn-EVAS) resulting from cardiac pulsatility and respiration and compare these deformations to patients with untreated abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and snorkel endovascular aneurysm repair (Sn-EVAR). Materials and Methods: Ten Sn-EVAS patients (mean age 75±6 years; 8 men) were scanned with cardiac-gated, respiration-resolved computed tomography angiography. From 3-dimensional geometric models, changes in renal artery and stent angulation and curvature due to cardiac pulsatility and respiration were quantified. Respiration-induced motions were compared with those of 16 previously reported untreated AAA patients and 11 Sn-EVAR patients. Results: Renal artery bending at the stent end was greater for respiratory vs cardiac influences (6°±7° vs −1°±2°, p<0.025). Respiration caused a 3-fold greater deformation on the left renal artery as compared with the right side. Maximum curvature change was higher for respiratory vs cardiac influences (0.49±0.29 vs 0.24±0.17 cm−1, p<0.025), and snorkel renal stents experienced similar maximum curvature change due to cardiac pulsatility and respiration (0.14±0.10 vs 0.19±0.09 cm−1, p=0.142). When comparing the 3 patient cohorts for respiratory-induced deformation, there was significant renal branch angulation in untreated AAAs, but not in Sn-EVAR or Sn-EVAS, and there was significant bending at the stent end in Sn-EVAR and Sn-EVAS. Maximum curvature change due to respiration was ~10-fold greater in Sn-EVAR and Sn-EVAS compared to untreated AAAs. Conclusion: The findings suggest that cardiac and respiratory influences may challenge the mechanical durability of snorkel stents of Sn-EVAS; similarly, however, respiration may be the primary culprit for tissue irritation, increasing the risk for stent-end thrombosis, especially in the left renal artery. The bending stiffness of snorkel stents in both the Sn-EVAR and Sn-EVAS cohorts damped renal branch angulation while it intensified bending of the artery distal to the snorkel stent. Understanding these device-to-artery interactions is critical as they may affect mechanical durability of branch stents and quality and durability of treatment.

scholarly journals Application of 3D Computed Tomography Reconstruction Images to Assess the Thickness and Dimensions of the Posterior Palatal Seal Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Soeun Lim ◽  
Seoung-Jin Hong ◽  
Joo-Young Ohe ◽  
Janghyun Paek
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Mean Dimension ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Palatal Mucosa

Few studies have been reported on the scientific measurements of the thickness and dimensions of the posterior palatal seal (PPS) area. The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the thickness of palatal mucosa by using a three-dimensional (3D) model reconstructed with computed tomography (CT) images and to present objective values by identifying the PPS area. The CT images were reconstructed as a 3D model by separating the maxillary palate mucosa and teeth. Each reconstructed model was analyzed and the thickness was measured at 93 crossing points of each divided plane. The dimension of the PPS area was measured and the right and left dimensions of the PPS area were compared. The thickness of the palatal mucosa was thicker toward the posterior area. The thickness increased in the lateral direction and decreased again. In the PPS area, the mean dimension between the rearmost of anterior border and the most posterior line was 2.19 mm and the mean dimension between the forefront of anterior border and the most posterior line was 5.19 mm in the right side and 5.16 mm in the left side. The mean dimension from the center of the palate to the right most forward point was 6.85 mm, and the left was 7.36 mm. The new measurement method of palatal mucosal thickness is noninvasive, accurate, and easy to store and study, so it can be used effectively in planning and manufacturing the maxillary complete denture in the digital workflows.

scholarly journals Acupuncture on the Blood Flow of Various Organs Measured Simultaneously by Colored Microspheres in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tsuru ◽  
Kenji Kawakita
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Acupuncture Needle ◽  
Colored Microspheres ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

We examined how acupuncture affected the blood flow of muscle, kidney, stomach, small intestine, brain, lung, heart, spleen and liver. Wistar rats anesthetized with urethane (n= 27) were allocated into the control (n= 10), ST-7 (Hsia-Kuan,n= 10) and LI-4 (Hoku,n= 7) groups. To measure organ blood flow, colored microspheres (CMS) were injected through a catheter positioned in the left ventricle and blood samples were drawn from the femoral artery. Yellow CMS (3.6–4.2 × 105) and blue CMS (6.0–6.9 × 105) were injected at intervals of about 30 min. An acupuncture needle (φ 340 μm) was inserted into the left ST-7 point (left masseter muscle) or the right LI-4 point after the first sampling and left for about 30 min (10 twists at 1 Hz, 2-min intervals). The mean blood flow of nine organs varied widely from 4.03 to 0.20 (ml/min/g). Acupuncture to the ST-7 produced significant changes of the blood flow (percentage change from baseline) in the muscle, kidney, brain and heart (P< 0.05, versus control), but those of LI-4 were not significant. The blood flow of the left masseter muscle after acupuncture to ST-7 (left masseter muscle) tended to increase (P= 0.08). Changes in blood pressure during the experimental periods were almost similar among these three groups. Acupuncture stimulation increases the blood flow of several organs by modulating the central circulatory systems, and the effects differed with sites of stimulation.

Short-term undernutrition and prenatal mortality in young and mature Merino ewes

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Mackenzie ◽  
T. N. Edey
Keyword(s):  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Cycle Lengths ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

SUMMARYPrenatal mortality was examined in 74 primiparous Merino ewes which, after hand mating to fertile rams on the second oestrus following synchronization, were allocated to two groups. One group of 38 ewes was confined to yards and restricted to approximately 30% of their maintenance requirement for 14 days while the other group of 36 remained at pasture. The degree and timing of prenatal loss was assessed by corpora lutea counts, pregnancy diagnosis about day 40, returns to service and lambing records.The mean ovulation rate was 1·06 and the 19-day non-return rate was 87·8%. Pregnancy failed in a higher proportion of the underfed ewes (45·0%) than in the control ewes (30·8%) but this difference did not reach significance. Of the ewes returning to service, significantly more did so with cycles longer than 19 days in the underfed group (9/12) than in the control group (2/8), indicating that in the latter stages, the treatment may have been detrimental to embryo survival.In a second experiment, ovulation rate and prenatal mortality, assessed as in the first experiment, were studied in 85 mature Merino ewes subjected to the following nutritional treatments: HH, control; HL, 30% submaintenance feeding for 14 days following mating; LH, 15% submaintenance feeding for 7 days prior to mating; LL, both submaintenance treatments.Acute undernutrition prior to mating (LH) had no effect on ovulation rate or prenatal mortality. Ovulation rates were low over all groups (mean 1·09) and thus precluded any valid examination of ovulation rate and body weight relationships. The right ovary was significantly more active in producing ova than the left in all groups (P < 0·05). Although ova wastage was apparently higher in. the post-mating undernutrition groups (HL, 44%; LL, 48%; LH, 50%) than in the control group (HH, 35%), the differences were not significant. An increased incidence of extended (> 19 days) first-return cycle lengths in group LL provided some evidence of induced prenatal mortality.In so far as the experiments can be considered together, they indicate that if body weights are comparable, primiparous 1½-year-old ewes are not necessarily more susceptible than mature ewes to prenatal mortality induced by severe short-term undernutrition.

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