scholarly journals Gender Identity Disorder and Schizophrenia: Neurodevelopmental Disorders with Common Causal Mechanisms?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Philip Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cerebral Lateralization ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Gender

Gender identity disorder (GID), recently renamed gender dysphoria (GD), is a rare condition characterized by an incongruity between gender identity and biological sex. Clinical evidence suggests that schizophrenia occurs in patients with GID at rates higher than in the general population and that patients with GID may have schizophrenia-like personality traits. Conversely, patients with schizophrenia may experience alterations in gender identity and gender role perception. Neurobiological research, including brain imaging and studies of finger length ratio and handedness, suggests that both these disorders are associated with altered cerebral sexual dimorphism and changes in cerebral lateralization. Various mechanisms, such asToxoplasmainfection, reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), early childhood adversity, and links with autism spectrum disorders, may account for some of this overlap. The implications of this association for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals Social and Interpersonal Aspects of Gender Identity Disorder

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
John M. Annear
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
And Gender

Biological sex, gender identity and gender role are concordant in most individuals. Transsexuals seek reassignment of gender role and anatomical sex to fit their gender identity. Thirteen males and three female transsexuals have been assessed.

scholarly journals "The Extreme Male Brain?" Incrementum and the Rhetorical Gendering of Autism

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordynn Jack
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Service Economy ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Extreme Male Brain ◽  
Brain Theory ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Gender

<p>The rhetorical figure of the <em>incrementum</em>, or scale<em>, </em>can help to account for how autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been gendered as male, especially in Simon Baron-Cohen&rsquo;s "Extreme Male Brain" theory. The <em>incrementum</em> occurs when female, male, and autistic brains are placed along a scale according to systemizing and empathizing abilities. This double hierarchy reinforces popular beliefs about sex and gender, drawing on the cultural resources of hi-tech culture, the service economy, and geekiness. In so doing, these theories overlook other important aspects of ASD, including alternative theories, the presence of autistic women and girls, and the needs and interests of autistic people themselves.</p>

ASD, SUD and gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s882-s883
Author(s):  
P.J.M. Van Wijngaarden-Cremers
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Very High

IntroductionAutism and substance use disorder (SUD) is not the co-morbidity that is commonly considered. Yet these conditions have more commonalities than one would suspect.ObjectiveWe will consider the evidence for co-morbidity between ASD and Addiction (Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and explore the influence of gender.MethodA pilot study of 80 admissions to an adult ASD unit will be presented.ResultsThe co-morbidity ASD and SUD in this study was very high (65% of the inpatients). There were no gender differences in prevalence in total but addiction to medication (32% in woman vs. none in man) and eating disorders (24% in women vs. 9% in man) was far more common in women whereas addiction to drugs (13% in man vs. none in women) was far more common in man.ConclusionsThere are clear indications that a possible co-morbidity of substance abuse disorder should be considered in cases of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. There are no gender differences in prevalence of co-morbidity ASD and SUD in total but addiction to medication and eating disorders seems to be much more common in women whereas addiction to drugs probably more common in man.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

The Fourth Month

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Vanessa LoBue
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Stereotyped Behavior ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Lengthy Discussion ◽  
Gender Concept

This chapter describes the development of the fetus in the fourth month of pregnancy. As the author learns the sex of her own baby, she explores a discussion of gender and sex throughout development. Specifically, she addresses the development of sex organs prenatally and how biological sex should be differentiated from the construct of gender using examples from the animal literature to illustrate how sometimes even biological sex can be determined by environmental circumstances. The chapter also includes a lengthy discussion of the development of gender concept and gender identity in children and how parents’ expectations might affect the development of gender-stereotyped behavior.

The Contribution of Inflammation to Autism Spectrum Disorders: Recent Clinical Evidence

2019 ◽  
pp. 493-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Prata ◽  
A. S. Machado ◽  
O. von Doellinger ◽  
M. I. Almeida ◽  
M. A. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

In Favor of the 2019 Equality Act: A Comment on Burt

2021 ◽  
pp. 155708512199133
Author(s):  
Susan Gluck Mezey
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
And Gender

There are three reason why I disagree with the author’s premise that 2019 Equality Act disadvantages women by blurring the distinction between sex and gender identity. First, it ignores current legal theory and practice that sex discrimination encompasses gender identity discrimination in federal law; second, it has not made a sufficient case that the Act’s interpretation of sex would harm women; third, it incorrectly assumes gender equality in the workplace can be achieved while sex-segregated spaces remain segregated by biological sex. In sum, revising the Equality Act to exempt women’s spaces would sacrifice the principle of gender equality upon which the Act is based.

Gender factors of social anxiety in adolescence

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
T.S. Pavlova ◽  
A.B. Kholmogorova
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
The Self ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Psychological Maladjustment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Ideal

Social anxiety in adolescence is one of the most important factors of social and psychological maladjustment. The data of Russian and international research of the differences in the severity of social anxiety in boys and girls is not uniform. In a study conducted by the authors, participants were 183 adolescents aged 12-16 years (90 boys and 93 girls), students of VII-X grades. We measured the level of social anxiety and defined the type of gender identity. The results showed that biological sex does not influence the severity of social anxiety: there were no differences in this indicator between boys and girls. The factor influencing the level of social anxiety was gender identity, and gender identity types (masculinity, femininity, androgyny) have approximately the same distributions in both boys and girls. The level of social anxiety shows inversed connection with level of masculinity in adolescents of both sexes and direct connection with femininity index. The magnitude of the gap between the real and the ideal of masculinity of the Self is more pronounced in adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

Anorexia nervosa and gender identity disorder in biologic males: A report of two cases

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Winston ◽  
Sudha Acharya ◽  
Shreemantee Chaudhuri ◽  
Lynette Fellowes
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
And Gender
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