scholarly journals Optimized Liquid-Liquid Extractive Rerefining of Spent Lubricants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashraf Kamal ◽  
Syed Mumtaz Danish Naqvi ◽  
Fasihullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Extractive Treatment

Central composite design methodology has been employed to model the sludge yield data obtained during liquid-liquid extractive rerefining of spent lubricants using an alcohol (1-butanol) and a ketone (methyl ethyl ketone) as prospective solvents. The study has resulted in two reasonably accurate multivariate process models that relate the sludge yield (R2=0.9065and 0.9072 for alcohol and ketone, resp.) to process variables (settling timet, operating temperatureT, and oil to solvent ratior). Construction of such models has allowed the maximization of the sludge yield (more than 8% and 3% in case of alcohol and ketone, resp.) so that the extraction of useable oil components from spent lubricants can economically be performed under extremely mild conditions (t = 16.7 h,T=10°C, andr=2) and fairly moderate conditions (t = 26.6 h,T=10°C, andr=5) established for the alcohol and ketone correspondingly. Based on these performance parameters alcohol appears to be superior over ketone for this extraction process. Additionally extractive treatment results in oil stocks with lesser quantity of environmentally hazardous polyaromatic hydrocarbons that are largely left in the separated sludge.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Enhanced Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Proteins from Flaxseed Meal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Dias Ribeiro ◽  
Daniel Weingart Barreto ◽  
Maria Alice Zarur Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Experimental Design Methodology ◽  
Central Composite

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) meal, the main byproduct of the flaxseed oil extraction process, is composed mainly of proteins, mucilage, and phenolic compounds. The extraction methods of phenolics either commonly employed the use of mixed solvents (dioxane/ethanol, water/acetone, water/methanol, and water/ethanol) or are done with the aid of alkaline, acid, or enzymatic hydrolysis. This work aimed at the study of optimal conditions for a clean process, using renewable solvents and enzymes, for the extraction of phenolics and proteins from flaxseed meal. After a screening of the most promising commercial preparations based on different carbohydrases and proteases, a central composite rotatable design and a mixture design were applied, achieving as optimal results a solution containing 6.6 and 152 g kg−1 meal of phenolics and proteins, respectively. The statistical approach used in the present study for the enzyme-enhanced extraction of phenolics and proteins from the major flaxseed byproduct was effective. By means of the sequential experimental design methodology, the extraction of such compounds was increased 10-fold and 14-fold, when compared to a conventional nonenzymatic extraction.

scholarly journals Phycocyanin content and nutritional profile of Arthrospira platensis from Mexico: efficient extraction process and stability evaluation of phycocyanin

BMC Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Khandual ◽  
Edgar Omar Lopez Sanchez ◽  
Hugo Espinosa Andrews ◽  
Jose Daniel Padilla de la Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Dry Biomass

AbstractPhycocyanin is a blue natural food colorant with multiple health benefits. Here we propose an efficient phycocyanin extraction method from Arthrospira platensis from Mexico. Three extraction methods were applied to optimize the extraction process, using water and buffer as solvents, with three pH values at two agitation times. The highest phycocyanin, 54.65 mg/g, was extracted from dry biomass with water as a solvent using an ultrasonication bar. The optimum condition of extraction was determined to be 1:50 biomass/solvent ratio for dry biomass, with the freeze/thaw method for 20 min repeated twice, and then agitated at 120 rpm for 24 h. The phycocyanin content was 48.88 mg/g biomass, with a purity of 0.47. For scalable phycocyanin productivity, the sonication method is recommended as there is no statistical difference. The phycocyanin stability was best at − 20 °C storage temperature at pH 7 for 35 days. Partial purification with ammonium sulfate was found to be suitable as a fractional precipitation method, first at 0–20% and then 20–65%, to get purity nearly 1. Total protein was found to be 55.52%, and total amino acids after phycocyanin extraction was 33%. The maximum phycocyanin yield using water as a solvent was the most interesting result regardless of the method used for extraction.

The sediment of the Hostivar Reservoir (Prague, Czech Republic) as a memory of 45 years of pollution

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Lucie Soucková ◽  
Dana Kominkova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Reservoir Sediment ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sediment Extraction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the historical pollution of the Hostivar Reservoir (largest reservoir in Prague) sediment by metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and identify the trends in pollution of aquatic environment. Design/methodology/approach Core samples, 140 cm long, recording the 45-year history of the reservoir, were separated to 5 cm width subsamples (approximately 1.5 years of sedimentation) and analyzed for metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Al), PAH and PCB. Following methods were used: US EPA 3051 for metals, US EPA 505 and US EPA 8082 A for PCB, and ISO 18287:2006 for PAH. Findings Most of the contaminants had the highest concentration at the beginning of the existence of the reservoir, suggesting that the contamination results from construction activities. Significant decrease of Pb occurred in the second half of the 1990s. It was caused by termination of the addition of lead as a detonation suppressant to the gasoline. Most concentrations of PAHs, PCBs and metals, except copper do not present eco-toxicological risk. Practical implications The results show the volume of priority pollutants removed from the reservoir by sediment extraction, and point risk to the terrestrial environment due to application of the sediment in the construction of a noise protecting wall. Originality/value The paper presents unique data about historical contamination of the largest reservoir in Prague, the capital of Czech Republic. It shows how the watershed and the construction phase of the dam cause a pollution of the reservoir sediment and possible environmental risk for aquatic biota.

scholarly journals Optimization of Supercritical Extraction Conditions of Senna Alata and Evaluation of Biological Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.11) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Istikamah Subuki ◽  
Aiman Nabilah Abdul Malek ◽  
Saidatul Husni Saidin ◽  
Mazura Md. Pisar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Backward Elimination ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content ◽  
Senna Alata ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Experimental Runs

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) offer faster extraction process, decreased solvent usage and more selectivity on desired compounds. In this present study, the influence of pressure (100, 200 and 300 bar) and temperature (40, 50 and 60˚C) on the Senna alata crude yield were investigated with fixed supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) at the flow rate of 35 g/min. The parameters were optimised and modelled using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) experimental design consists of 13 experimental runs with 5 replicates at the central points. Well-fitting quadratic model were successfully established for crude extract through backward elimination. The optimum crude extract yield pointed out by RSM was at the pressure of 300 bar and temperature 40˚C respectively. Extraction yields based on SC-CO2 varied in the range of 0.28 to 3.62%. The highest hyaluronidase inhibition activity and total flavonoids content obtained by S.alata crude extracts were 41.19% and 52.53% w/w, respectively. SC-CO2 proves to have great potential for extraction of yield, hyaluronidase inhibition activity and total flavonoids content for S.alata.  

Modeling of supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from Calycopteris floribunda leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Liu ◽  
Dong-Liang Yang ◽  
Jia-Jia Liu ◽  
Kuan Xu ◽  
Guo-Hui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Drug Lead ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Central Composite

AbstractThe aim of this study was to obtain flavonoids extracts from Calycopteris floribunda leaves using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2 and a co-solvent. Pachypodol, a potential anticancer drug lead compound separated from the extracts, was examined. Classical organic solvent extraction (CE) with ethanol was performed to evaluate the high pressure method. HPLC analysis was introduced to interpret the differences between SFE and CE extracts in terms of antioxidant activity and the concentration of pachypodol. SFE kinetics and mathematical modeling of the overall extraction curves (OEC) were investigated. Evaluation of the models against experimental data showed that the Sovová model performs the best. The supercritical fluid extraction process was optimized using a central composite design (CCD), where temperature and pressure were adjusted. The optimal conditions of SFE were: pressure of 30 MPa and temperature of 35°C.

Kaempferol Extraction from Cuscuta reflexa using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Separation of Kaempferol from the Extracts

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranabendu Mitra ◽  
Kyu -Seob Chang ◽  
Dae-Seok Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cuscuta Reflexa ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Central Composite

Kaempferol, a strong antioxidant, was extracted from Cuscuta reflexa (a medicinal plant) using supercritical CO2 and separated using thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography and HPLC analysis. A rotatable central composite design was used to determine the influence of process variables and arrive at optimal processing conditions in the supercritical CO2 extraction process of kaempferol. The kaempferol yield was effectively modelled as a function of the independent variables (temperature, time and pressure). The kaempferol yield increased with the increasing of temperature and time and decreasing of pressure of the supercritical CO2 extraction process. The predicted kaempferol yield at the optimum point was 52.92 µg/g and the optimum conditions were 50.7°C for 132.6 min and 15.9 MPa.

Modelling blockchain-based business processes: a comparative analysis of BPMN vs CMMN

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 638-657
Author(s):  
Fredrik Milani ◽  
Luciano Garcia-Banuelos ◽  
Svitlana Filipova ◽  
Mariia Markovska
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeBlockchain technology is increasingly positioned as a promising and disruptive technology. Such a promise has attracted companies to explore how blockchain technology can be used to gain significant benefits. Process models play a cardinal role when seeking to improve business processes as they are the foundation of process analysis and redesign. This paper examines how blockchain-oriented processes can be conceptually modelled with activity- (BPMN) and artifact-centric (CMMN) modelling paradigms.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses how commonly occurring patterns, specific to block-chain-based applications, can be modelled with BPMN and CMMN. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of both notations for accurately representing blockchain-specific patterns are discussed.FindingsThe main finding of this paper is that neither BPMN nor CMMN can adequately and accurately represent certain patterns specific for blockchain-oriented processes. BPMN, while supporting most of the patterns, does not provide sufficient support to represent tokenization. CMMN, on the other hand, does not provide support to distinguish between activities executed and data stored on-chain versus off-chain.Originality/valueThe paper provides insight into the strengths and weaknesses of BPMN and CMMN for modelling processes to be supported by blockchain. This will serve to aid analysts to produce better process models for communication purposes and, thereby, facilitate development of blockchain-based solutions.

scholarly journals Pineapple Bark Performance in Dyes Adsorption: Optimization by the Central Composite Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlam Fegousse ◽  
Abdelali El Gaidoumi ◽  
Youssef Miyah ◽  
Rabea El Mountassir ◽  
Anissa Lahrichi
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Dyes Adsorption ◽  
Experimental Design Methodology ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Adsorbent Dose ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work is concerned with the study of the adsorption in aqueous medium of a three-dye mixture which contains Methylene Blue, Brilliant Green, and Congo Red on the pineapple bark. This adsorbent material has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The experimental design methodology, based on the response surface methodology (RSM) by the central composite design (CCD), has been applied for the optimization of the parameters, namely, the temperature, dose of the adsorbent, and pH. The yield reached 98.91% under optimal conditions (T = 30°C; adsorbent dose = 2.5 g·L−1; pH = 9.8) at an initial concentration of 20 mg·L−1.

scholarly journals Carrageenan-Based Films Incorporated with Jaboticaba Peel Extract: An Innovative Material for Active Food Packaging

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5563
Author(s):  
Luisa Bataglin Avila ◽  
Elis Regina Correa Barreto ◽  
Paloma Krolow de Souza ◽  
Bárbara De Zorzi Silva ◽  
Thamiris Renata Martiny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Active Food Packaging ◽  
Light Barrier ◽  
Innovative Material ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Peel Extract

This research investigated the bioactive potential of jaboticaba peel extract (JPE) and proposed an innovative material for food packaging based on carrageenan films incorporated with JPE. The extract was obtained through microwave assisted extraction (MAE) according to central composite rotational design and the optimized conditions showed a combined antimicrobial and antioxidant actions when the extraction process is accomplished at 80 °C and 1 min. The carrageenan film incorporated with JPE was manageable, homogeneous and the presence of JPE into film increased the thickness and improved the light barrier of the film. The results of solubility and mechanical properties did not show significant differences. The benefit of using MAE to improve the recovery of bioactive compounds was demonstrated and the carrageenan film with JPE showed a great strategy to add additives into food packaging.

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