scholarly journals In VivoAntiprotozoal Activity of the Chloroform Extract fromCarica papayaSeeds against Amastigote Stage ofTrypanosoma cruziduring Indeterminate and Chronic Phase of Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilde Jimenez-Coello ◽  
Karla Y. Acosta-Viana ◽  
Antonio Ortega-Pacheco ◽  
Salud Perez-Gutierrez ◽  
Eugenia Guzman-Marin
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Antiprotozoal Activity ◽  
Subacute Phase ◽  
Amastigote Stage ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Intracellular Stage

In order to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of the chloroform extract ofCarica papayaseeds during the subacute and chronic phase of infection ofTrypanosoma cruzi, doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg were evaluated during the subacute phase, including a mixture of their main components (oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids). Subsequently, doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg in mice during the chronic phase of infection (100 dpi) were also evaluated. It was found that chloroform extract was able to reduce the amastigote nests numbers during the subacute phase in 55.5 and 69.7% (P> 0.05) as well as in 56.45% in animals treated with the mixture of fatty acids. Moreover, the experimental groups treated with 50 and 75 mg/kg during the chronic phase of the infection showed a significant reduction of 46.8 and 53.13% respectively (P< 0.05). It is recommended to carry out more studies to determine if higher doses of chloroformic extract or its administration in combination with other antichagasic drugs allows a better response over the intracellular stage ofT. cruziin infected animal models and determine if the chloroform extract ofC. papayacould be considered as an alternative for treatment during the indeterminate and chronic phase of the infection.

scholarly journals Biological Effect of Different Spinach Extracts in Comparison with the Individual Components of the Phytocomplex

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Laura Arru ◽  
Francesca Mussi ◽  
Luca Forti ◽  
Annamaria Buschini
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Oxidative Insult

The Mediterranean-style diet is rich in fruit and vegetables and has a great impact on the prevention of major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this work we investigated the ability of spinach extracts obtained by different extraction methods and of the single main components of the phytocomplex, alone or mixed, to modulate proliferation, antioxidant defense, and genotoxicity of HT29 human colorectal cells. Spinach extracts show dose-dependent activity, increasing the level of intracellular endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) when tested at higher doses. In the presence of oxidative stress, the activity is related to the oxidizing agent involved (H2O2 or menadione) and by the extraction method. The single components of the phytocomplex, alone or mixed, do not alter the intracellular endogenous level of ROS but again, in the presence of an oxidative insult, the modulation of antioxidant defense depends on the oxidizing agent used. The application of the phytocomplex extracts seem to be more effective than the application of the single phytocomplex components.

Discontinuation and dose modification of imatinib in clinical practice

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7045-7045 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Hamdan ◽  
L. Sanders ◽  
S. Oliveria ◽  
U. Campbell ◽  
V. Willey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Blast Crisis ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Imatinib Therapy ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Subsequent Dose ◽  
Starting Dose ◽  
Higher Doses

7045 Background: Imatinib mesylate induces response in most patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Although recent evidence shows benefit from a starting dose of 800mg/day, the recommended starting dose is 400 mg/day for chronic phase patients and 600 mg/day for accelerated phase/blast crisis patients. This study describes trends in imatinib dosing and reasons for dose changes in CML patients. Methods: Using medical and pharmacy claims in the HealthCore Managed Care Database, we identified all patients with CML from 1/1/00–3/31/04. Chart review supplemented claims and confirmed CML diagnosis, obtained phase, treatment, and clinical outcomes through 3/31/05. Results: Among 216 patients receiving imatinib, 87% were diagnosed in chronic phase, 5% in accelerated phase, 1% in blast phase; 7% were unable to be determined. Among 156 patients (72%) with a starting imatinib dose of 400mg/day, 21% had a subsequent dose reduction of at least 100mg/day. The most common reasons for dose reduction were neutropenia, anemia, and nausea/vomiting. Among 29 patients (13%) with a starting dose of at least 600mg/day, 59% had a subsequent dose reduction; the most common reasons for dose reduction in these patients were thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal bleeding. Among 9 patients (4%) with a starting imatinib dose of at least 800mg/day, 67% had a subsequent dose reduction; the most common reason for dose reduction was myelosuppression. Imatinib therapy was suspended in sixty-two patients (29%), most often because of anemia (11%) or thrombocytopenia (11%); 46 patients (74%) restarted imatinib therapy following a median time of 21 days and the remaining 16 (26%) patients were permanently discontinued. Of the 64 patients (30%) who experienced a dose escalation of at least 100mg/day over starting dose, 34% patients had a subsequent dose decrease; the most common reason for dose reduction among these patients was neutropenia (18%). Conclusions: Among CML patients treated with imatinib, discontinuation and dose changes occurred frequently; the most common reason was myelosuppression. More than 50% of patients starting at higher doses required dose reductions and 1/3 of those receiving dose escalations did not remain on higher doses. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Impact of the Chloroform Extract of Carica papaya Seed on Oestrous Cycle and Fertility in Female Albino Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Raji ◽  
A.O. Morakinyo . ◽  
A.K. Oloyo . ◽  
O.S. Akinsomisoye . ◽  
Olufadekemi . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Carica Papaya Seed ◽  
Papaya Seed

Abstract 12354: Cardiac STAT3 Activation in Subacute Phase of Myocardial Infarction was Required for the Suppression of Adverse Cardiac Remodeling

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Enomoto ◽  
Masanori Obana ◽  
Akimitsu Miyawaki ◽  
Tomomi Mohri ◽  
Makio Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Subacute Phase ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
The Impact

Backgroud: Cardiac STAT3 plays crucial roles in cardioprotection against acute injury after MI. However, mutated gp130-induced continuous STAT3 activation resulted in serious cardiac damage in the subacute phase of MI. Here, we examined the biological significance of intrinsic cardiac STAT3 during subacute/chronic phase of MI in a time specific manner using tamoxifen inducible cardiac specific STAT3 knockout mice (iCKO). Methods and Results: MI was generated by ligating the left coronary artery in mice. Immunoblotting revealed that STAT3 was rapidly activated in the myocardium, and that its activation was sustained to subacute phase after MI. To clarify the impact of cardiac STAT3 in subacute phase of MI, STAT3 gene was ablated by administering tamoxifen to α-MHC-MerCreMer/STAT3 flox/flox for 14 consecutive days from post-infarct day 11. As control mice, α-MHC-MerCreMer/STAT3 wild/wild mice were used. Importantly, MI-induced cardiac STAT3 activation was significantly decreased in iCKO mice at day 24. Intriguingly, the mortality was accelerated in iCKO mice compared with control mice, coincident with increased heart weight/body weight. Masson’s trichrome staining demonstrated that cardiac STAT3 ablation resulted in severe fibrosis (iCKO; 58.3±6.7%, control; 40.8±9.3%, p <0.01, n=7 for control, n=8 for iCKO). Moreover, Echocardiography clarified that cardiac function was deteriorated in iCKO mice (FS: iCKO; 20.6±4.1%, control; 29.1±6.0%, p <0.05, n=10 for control, n=11 for iCKO). In border area, marked myocardial injuries, including ROS production and hypertrophy, were observed in iCKO mice. Finally, immunohistochemistry revealed that capillary density was decreased in iCKO mice (iCKO; 1724.2±119.4 capillaries/mm 2 , control; 2110.5±77.7 capillaries/mm 2 , p <0.01, n=30 fields from 5 mice for each). Conclusions: Cardiac STAT3 ablation in subacute phase of MI aggravated cardiac remodeling. The augmentation of STAT3 activity could be a therapeutic strategy for the prevention from the onset of chronic heart failure.

scholarly journals In vivo Pharmacological investigation of leaf of Polygonum hydropiper (L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Rumana Akhter ◽  
Md Aminul Haque ◽  
Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Mohamad Shahriar
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Higher Doses

The present study was planned to evaluate the anti-nociceptive, gastro intestinal motility, anti-pyretic and acute toxicity studies of leaf extract of Polygonum hydropiper leaves in albino mice following oral administration. The results showed that the anti-nociceptive activity in the scale of ethanol > n-hexane > petroleum ether > chloroform > methanol extract showed a significant result compared to diclofenac sodium. Chloroform extract showed significant results on gastro intestinal motility test. Ethanol & chloroform extracts showed considerable reduction of temperature at higher doses within 1st hour on yeast induced pyrexia in albino mice. Highest dose introduced as 1000, 2000 & 4000 mg/kg body weight of each extracts in acute toxicity test did not shown any sign of toxicity in albino mice in one week observation. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(2): 165-169, 2013 (December) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i2.17619

scholarly journals Intravenously Transplanted Human Multilineage-Differentiating Stress-Enduring Cells Afford Brain Repair in a Mouse Lacunar Stroke Model

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatsugu Abe ◽  
Daiki Aburakawa ◽  
Kuniyasu Niizuma ◽  
Naoya Iwabuchi ◽  
Takumi Kajitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Subacute Phase ◽  
Cylinder Test ◽  
Infarct Area

Background and Purpose— Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells are endogenous nontumorigenic reparative pluripotent-like stem cells found in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and connective tissues. Topically administered human multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells into rat/mouse stroke models differentiated into neural cells and promoted clinically relevant functional recovery. However, critical questions on the appropriate timing and dose, and safety of the less invasive intravenous administration of clinical-grade multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cell–based product CL2020 remain unanswered. Methods— Using an immunodeficient mouse lacunar model, CL2020 was administered via the cervical vein in different doses (high dose=5×10 4 cells/body; medium dose=1×10 4 cells/body; low dose=5×10 3 cells/body) at subacute phase (≈9 days after onset) and chronic phase (≈30 days). Cylinder test, depletion of human cells by diphtheria toxin administration, immunohistochemistry, and human specific-genome detection were performed. Results— Tumorigenesis and adverse effects were not detected for up to 22 weeks. The high-dose group displayed significant functional recovery compared with the vehicle group in cylinder test in subacute-phase–treated and chronic-phase–treated animals after 6 weeks and 8 weeks post-injection, respectively. In the high-dose group of subacute-phase–treated animals, robust and stable recovery in cylinder test persisted up to 22 weeks compared with the vehicle group. In both groups, intraperitoneal injection of diphtheria toxin abrogated the functional recovery. Anti-human mitochondria revealed CL2020 distributed mainly in the peri-infarct area at 1, 10, and 22 weeks and expressed NeuN (neuronal nuclei)- and MAP-2 (microtubule-associated protein-2)-immunoreactivity. Conclusions— Intravenously administered CL2020 was safe, migrated to the peri-infarct area, and afforded functional recovery in experimental stroke.

scholarly journals Noneczematous Contact Dermatitis

ISRN Allergy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Bonamonte ◽  
Caterina Foti ◽  
Michelangelo Vestita ◽  
Gianni Angelini
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Erythema Multiforme ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Subacute Phase ◽  
Individual Susceptibility ◽  
Exogenous Agents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Allergic Contact

Irritant or allergic contact dermatitis usually presents as an eczematous process, clinically characterized by erythematoedematovesicous lesions with intense itching in the acute phase. Such manifestations become erythematous-scaly as the condition progresses to the subacute phase and papular-hyperkeratotic in the chronic phase. Not infrequently, however, contact dermatitis presents with noneczematous features. The reasons underlying this clinical polymorphism lie in the different noxae and contact modalities, as well as in the individual susceptibility and the various targeted cutaneous structures. The most represented forms of non-eczematous contact dermatitis include the erythema multiforme-like, the purpuric, the lichenoid, and the pigmented kinds. These clinical entities must obviously be discerned from the corresponding “pure” dermatitis, which are not associated with contact with exogenous agents.

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