scholarly journals Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stability Test, and Application for the Rice Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiwu Wang ◽  
Hoi Pong Ng ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Yuyu Li ◽  
Yuhong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Bulk Solid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nanoparticles Synthesis ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Stability

In today’s science, with the use of nanotechnology, nanomaterials, which behave very differently from the bulk solid, can be made. One of the capable uses of nanomaterials is bioapplications which make good use of the specific properties of nanoparticles. However, since the nanoparticles will be used bothin-vivoandin-vitro, their stability is an important issue to the scientists, concern. In this dissertation, we are going to test the stability of gold nanoparticles in a number of media including the biocompatible medium and their behaviors will be illustrated in terms of optical properties change and aggregation degree. Herein, we report the synthesis of gold nanoparticles of different shapes and applications for the rice growth with significant difference. The gold nanoparticles can inhibit the elongation of rice root without inhibiting the germination of rice seeds.

scholarly journals Designing and Development of a Tandem Bivalent Nanobody against VEGF165

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Khodabakhsh ◽  
Morteza Salimian ◽  
Pardis Ziaee ◽  
Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht ◽  
Mahdi Behdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Native Protein ◽  
Metal Affinity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
The Stability

Background: Inhibition of angiogenesis using monoclonal antibodies is an effective strategy in cancer therapy. However, they could not penetrate sufficiently into solid tumors. Antibody fragments have solved this issue. However, they suffer from short in vivo half-life. In the current study, a tandem bivalent strategy was used to enhance the pharmacokinetic parameters of an anti-VEGF165 nanobody. Methods: Homology modeling and MD simulation were used to check the stability of protein. The cDNA was cloned into pHEN6C vector and the expression was investigated in WK6 Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells by SDS-PAGE and western blot. After purification, the size distribution of tandem bivalent nanobody was investigated by dynamic light scattering. Moreover, in vitro antiproliferative activity and pharmacokinetic study were studied in HUVECs and Balb/c mice, respectively. Results: RMSD analysis revealed the tandem bivalent nanobody had good structural stability after 50 ns of simulation. A hinge region of llama IgG2 was used to fuse the domains. The expression was induced by 1 mM IPTG at 25°C for overnight. A 30 kDa band in 12% polyacrylamide gel and nitrocellulose paper has confirmed the expression. The protein was successfully purified using metal affinity chromatography. MTT assay revealed there is no significant difference between the antiproliferative activity of tandem bivalent nanobody and the native protein. The hydrodynamic radius and terminal half-life of tandem bivalent nanobody increased approximately 2-fold by multivalency compared to the native protein. Conclusion: Our data revealed that the physicochemical as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of tandem bivalent nanobody was significantly improved.

Formation and Structure of Casein Micelles in Lactating Mammary Tissue

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Robert J. Carroll ◽  
Marvin P. Thompson ◽  
Harold M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
The Stability

Milk is an unusually stable colloidal system; the stability of this system is due primarily to the formation of micelles by the major milk proteins, the caseins. Numerous models for the structure of casein micelles have been proposed; these models have been formulated on the basis of in vitro studies. Synthetic casein micelles (i.e., those formed by mixing the purified αsl- and k-caseins with Ca2+ in appropriate ratios) are dissimilar to those from freshly-drawn milks in (i) size distribution, (ii) ratio of Ca/P, and (iii) solvation (g. water/g. protein). Evidently, in vivo organization of the caseins into the micellar form occurs in-a manner which is not identical to the in vitro mode of formation.

Kinetics of Various 99mTc-Sn-Pyrophosphate Compounds in the Rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schümichen ◽  
B. Mackenbrock ◽  
G. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Short Half Life ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
In Vitro Stability

SummaryThe bone-seeking 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate compound (compound A) was diluted both in vitro and in vivo and proved to be unstable both in vitro and in vivo. However, stability was much better in vivo than in vitro and thus the in vitro stability of compound A after dilution in various mediums could be followed up by a consecutive evaluation of the in vivo distribution in the rat. After dilution in neutral normal saline compound A is metastable and after a short half-life it is transformed into the other 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate compound A is metastable and after a short half-life in bone but in the kidneys. After dilution in normal saline of low pH and in buffering solutions the stability of compound A is increased. In human plasma compound A is relatively stable but not in plasma water. When compound B is formed in a buffering solution, uptake in the kidneys and excretion in urine is lowered and blood concentration increased.It is assumed that the association of protons to compound A will increase its stability at low concentrations while that to compound B will lead to a strong protein bond in plasma. It is concluded that compound A will not be stable in vivo because of a lack of stability in the extravascular space, and that the protein bond in plasma will be a measure of its in vivo stability.

Dosimetry and Radioenhancement Comparison of Gold Nanoparticles in Kilovoltage and Megavoltage Radiotherapy using MAGAT Polymer Gel Dosimeter

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2Apr) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Farahani ◽  
N Riyahi Alam ◽  
S Haghgoo ◽  
M Khoobi ◽  
Gh Geraily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
External Radiotherapy ◽  
Dose Enhancement ◽  
Internal Radiotherapy ◽  
Boost Radiotherapy

Background: Numerous unique characteristics of the nanosized gold, including high atomic number, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility make it one of the most appropriate nanostructures to boost radiotherapy efficacy. Many in-vivo and in-vitro investigations have indicated that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can significantly increase tumor injuries in low kilovoltage radiotherapy. While deep-lying tumors require much higher energy levels with greater penetration power, and investigations carried out in megavoltage energy range show contradictory results.Objective: In this study, we quantitatively assess and compare dose enhancement factors (DEFs) obtained through AuNPs under radiation of Cobalt-60 source (1.25MeV) versus Iridium-192 source (0.380 KeV) using MAGAT gel dosimeter.Material and Methods: MAGAT polymer gel in both pure and combined with 0.2 mM AuNPs was synthesized. In order to quantify the effect of energy on DEF, irradiation was carried out by Co-60 external radiotherapy and Ir-192 internal radiotherapy. Finally, readings of irradiated and non-irradiated gels were performed by MR imaging.Result: The radiation-induced R2 (1/T2) changes of the gel tubes doped with AuNPs compared to control samples, upon irradiation of beams released by Ir-192 source showed a significant dose enhancement (15.31% ±0.30) relative to the Co-60 external radiotherapy (5.85% ±0.14).Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests the feasibility of using AuNPs in radiation therapy (RT), especially in low-energy sources of brachytherapy. In addition, MAGAT polymer gel, as a powerful dosimeter, could be used for 3D visualization of radiation dose distribution of AuNPs in radiotherapy.

Applicability of Instability Index for In vitro Protein Stability Prediction

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilani G. Gamage ◽  
Ajith Gunaratne ◽  
Gopal R. Periyannan ◽  
Timothy G. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Stability ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Instability Index ◽  
Dipeptide Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Vitro Protein

Background: The dipeptide composition-based Instability Index (II) is one of the protein primary structure-dependent methods available for in vivo protein stability predictions. As per this method, proteins with II value below 40 are stable proteins. Intracellular protein stability principles guided the original development of the II method. However, the use of the II method for in vitro protein stability predictions raises questions about the validity of applying the II method under experimental conditions that are different from the in vivo setting. Objective: The aim of this study is to experimentally test the validity of the use of II as an in vitro protein stability predictor. Methods: A representative protein CCM (CCM - Caulobacter crescentus metalloprotein) that rapidly degrades under in vitro conditions was used to probe the dipeptide sequence-dependent degradation properties of CCM by generating CCM mutants to represent stable and unstable II values. A comparative degradation analysis was carried out under in vitro conditions using wildtype CCM, CCM mutants and two other candidate proteins: metallo-β-lactamase L1 and α -S1- casein representing stable, borderline stable/unstable, and unstable proteins as per the II predictions. The effect of temperature and a protein stabilizing agent on CCM degradation was also tested. Results: Data support the dipeptide composition-dependent protein stability/instability in wt-CCM and mutants as predicted by the II method under in vitro conditions. However, the II failed to accurately represent the stability of other tested proteins. Data indicate the influence of protein environmental factors on the autoproteolysis of proteins. Conclusion: Broader application of the II method for the prediction of protein stability under in vitro conditions is questionable as the stability of the protein may be dependent not only on the intrinsic nature of the protein but also on the conditions of the protein milieu.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria to Control Vibriosis Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mulyati Mulyati ◽  
Suryati Suryati ◽  
Irfani Baga
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Portunid Crab

The study aims to isolate, characterize, and examine probiotic bacteria's inhibitory ability against Vibrio harveyi bacteria, both in-vitro and in vivo. Methods used in the study consist of 1) An Isolation of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 2) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria in vitro, 3) An Identification of Bacteria, 4) A Pathogenicity Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 5) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria against V. harveyi in vivo. According to the isolation of candidate probiotic bacteria, there are 18 isolated candidate probiotic. After being tested for its inhibitory ability in vitro, there are 8 isolates with zone of inhibition as follows: isolate MM 7 from intestine (22 mm), isolate MM 6 from intestine (12 mm), isolate MM 10 from sea water (10 mm), isolate MM 5 from intestine (9 mm), isolate MM 4 from intestine (8 mm), isolate MM 3 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.2 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.1 from intestine (7 mm). Eight genera of the candidate probiotic bacteria is derived from Portunid crab, they are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, bacillus, vibrio, Alcaligenes, Lactobacillus, micrococcus. Before proceeding the V. harveyi bacterial challenge test in vivo, three potential isolates consisting of MM6, MM7 and MM10 as the probiotic bacteria are pathogenicity-tested against V. harveyi. The survival rate of Portunid crab on pathogenicity test using MM6, MM7 and MM10 generates 91.11-100%, while the control generates 100% survival rate. Variance analysis result through post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at 95% confidence interval indicates that isolate MM7 and MM10 are significantly able to increase hatchling Portunid crab's survival rate.

scholarly journals Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancers In Vitro and In Vivo to Erbium-filtered Orthovoltage X-rays Using Actively Targeted Gold Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Khoo ◽  
Sang Hyun Cho ◽  
Francisco J. Reynoso ◽  
Maureen Aliru ◽  
Kathryn Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Prostate Cancers

scholarly journals Multimodal Diagnostics of Microrheologic Alterations in Blood of Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetic Patients

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Anastasia Maslianitsyna ◽  
Petr Ermolinskiy ◽  
Andrei Lugovtsov ◽  
Alexandra Pigurenko ◽  
Maria Sasonko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Significant Difference

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has serious implications for human health and needs to be diagnosed as early as possible. In this article in vivo and in vitro optical methods are used to study blood properties related to the aggregation of red blood cells in patients with CHD and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results show not only a significant difference of the aggregation in patients compared to healthy people, but also a correspondence between in vivo and in vitro parameters. Red blood cells aggregate in CHD patients faster and more numerously; in particular the aggregation index increases by 20 ± 7%. The presence of T2DM also significantly elevates aggregation in CHD patients. This work demonstrates multimodal diagnostics and monitoring of patients with socially significant pathologies.

Biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles: In-vitro and In-vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 3041-3045
Author(s):  
Rua J. Kadhim ◽  
Esraa H. Karsh ◽  
Zainab J. Taqi ◽  
Majid S. Jabir
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vivo Study

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo applications of Euphorbia wallichii shoot extract-mediated gold nanospheres

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Rehman Ullah ◽  
Sumaira Shah ◽  
Zahir Muhammad ◽  
Sajjad Ali Shah ◽  
Shah Faisal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Surface Plasmon Resonance Peak ◽  
Plasmon Resonance Peak ◽  
Optical Absorption Peak ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Scattering Spectra ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract The current study was designed to investigate the potential of Euphorbia wallichii shoot extract for reducting Au3+ and stabilizing gold nanoparticles. UV-visible spectra of gold nanoparticles showed obvious surface plasmon resonance peak at 548 nm. Microscopy (SEM and TEM) showed spherical dimensions, and the energy dispersive X-ray spectra displayed the strongest optical absorption peak for gold (Au) at 2.1 keV. Dynamic light scattering spectra represent polydispersed mixture with particulate diameter of 2.5–103.2 nm. The IR spectra confirm the potential functional groups of shoot extract responsible for the reduction of Au3+ to gold nanoparticles which exhibit tremendous antibacterial potential of 76.31%, 68.47%, 79.85%, 48.10%, and 65.53% against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Gold nanoparticles showed markedly elevated fungicidal potency compared to the shoot extract alone against the tested fungal strains. IC50 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging was 31.52, 18.29, and 15.32 µg/mL at 30, 60, and 90 min of reaction time, respectively. Both shoot extract and nanoparticles revealed 71% mortality at 100 µg/mL, with LD90 values of 310.56 µg/mL. Experimental mice acquired dose-dependent analgesia of 54.21%, 82.60%, and 86.53% when treated with gold nanoparticles at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw. Inhibition of gastrointestinal muscular contraction was 21.16%, 30.49%, and 40.19% in mice feed with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document