scholarly journals Reactive Carbonyl SpeciesIn Vivo: Generation and Dual Biological Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halyna M. Semchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Toxicity ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl

Reactive carbonyls are widespread species in living organisms and mainly known for their damaging effects. The most abundant reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are derived from oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. Chemical modification of proteins, nucleic acids, and aminophospholipids by RCS results in cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. In addition to their direct toxicity, modification of biomolecules by RCS gives rise to a multitude of adducts and cross links that are increasingly implicated in aging and pathology of a wide range of human diseases. Understanding of the relationship between metabolism of RCS and the development of pathological disorders and diseases may help to develop effective approaches to prevent a number of disorders and diseases. On the other hand, constant persistence of RCS in cells suggests that they perform some useful role in living organisms. The most beneficial effects of RCS are their establishment as regulators of cell signal transduction and gene expression. Since RCS can modulate different biological processes, new tools are required to decipher the precise mechanisms underlying dual effects of RCS.

scholarly journals Potential of Vasoprotectives to Inhibit Non-Enzymatic Protein Glycation, and Reactive Carbonyl and Oxygen Species Uptake

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10026
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bednarska ◽  
Izabela Fecka
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl Species ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl

Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) such as methylglyoxal (MGO) or glyoxal (GO) are the main precursors of the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a major factor in the development of vascular complications in diabetes. Vasoprotectives (VPs) exhibit a wide range of activities beneficial to cardiovascular health. The present study aimed to investigate selected VPs and their structural analogs for their ability to trap MGO/GO, inhibit AGE formation, and evaluate their antioxidant potential. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (UHPLC-ESI-MS) and diode-array detector (UHPLC-DAD) was used to investigate direct trapping capacity and kinetics of quenching MGO/GO, respectively. Fluorimetric and colorimetric measurements were used to evaluate antiglycation and antioxidant action. All tested substances showed antiglycative effects, but hesperetin was the most effective in RCS scavenging. We demonstrated that rutin, diosmetin, hesperidin, and hesperetin could trap both MGO and GO by forming adducts, whose structures we proposed. MGO-derived AGE formation was inhibited the most by hesperetin, and GO-derived AGEs by diosmetin. High reducing and antiradical activity was confirmed for quercetin, rutin, hesperetin, and calcium dobesilate. Therefore, in addition to other therapeutic applications, some VPs could be potential candidates as antiglycative agents to prevent AGE-related complications of diabetes.

Vitamin D in older people

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles D Witham ◽  
Gavin Francis
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Older People ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryVitamin D has a wide range of biological effects beyond calcium and bone metabolism, and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels have been associated with many disease states in recent years, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, infections and cancer. Association studies of vitamin D are notoriously prone to confounding and to reverse causality, however, and current intervention trial data for non-skeletal indications have been disappointing. Vitamin D is indicated for treatment of osteomalacia in older people, falls prevention in institutionalized older people, and as adjunctive therapy for osteoporosis. Large trials currently underway will ascertain whether potentially beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on all-cause mortality in older people are borne out.

scholarly journals TOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW N-SUBSTITUTED AMINOAMIDES

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
O. S. Kaldyrkaeva ◽  
E. V. Arzamastsev ◽  
E. Ya. Borisova ◽  
O. A. Terekhova ◽  
E. Yu. Afanasieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Functionally substituted amines containing amido and amino groups have a wide range of biological effects. Among them substances with various pharmacological activities were identified, and based on them a number of drugs were development. The paper presents toxicological characteristics of new substances and the relationship between the structure and pharmacological activity of aminoamides.

scholarly journals Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens and the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols, with Special Reference to Willow (Salix spp.) Bark Supplements - A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Saracila ◽  
Tatiana Dumitra Panaite ◽  
Camelia Puia Papuc ◽  
Rodica Diana Criste
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Willow Bark ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Salix Spp

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of a wide range of phytoadditives to counteract the harmful effects of heat stress in poultry. Willow (Salix spp.) is a tree with a long history. Among various forms, willow bark is an important natural source of salicin, β-O-glucoside of saligenin, but also of polyphenols (flavonoids and condensed tannins) with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. In light of this, the current review presents some literature data aiming to: (1) describe the relationship between heat stress and oxidative stress in broilers, (2) present or summarize literature data on the chemical composition of Salix species, (3) summarize the mechanisms of action of willow bark in heat-stressed broilers, (4) present different biological effects of the extract of Salix species in different experimental models.

scholarly journals Reactive Carbonyl Species as Potential Pro-Oxidant Factors Involved in Lichen Planus Pathogenesis

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitran ◽  
Nicolae ◽  
Tampa ◽  
Mitran ◽  
Caruntu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl Species ◽  
Carbonyl Species ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl

The constant generation of reactive carbonyl species (RCSs) by lipid peroxidation during aerobic metabolism denotes their involvement in cell homeostasis. Skin represents the largest organ of the body that is exposed to lipid peroxidation. Previous studies have suggested the involvement of oxidative stress in the development of lichen planus (LP), a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a complex pathogenesis. The aim of our study is to investigate a panel of pro-oxidants (4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and malondialdehyde (MDA)), the total antioxidant status (TAS), and thiol-disulfide homeostasis parameters (TDHP), including total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), disulfides (DS), DS/NT ratio, DS/TT ratio, and NT/TT ratio. The comparative determinations of serum levels of 4-HNE, TBARS, and MDA in patients with LP (n = 31) and controls (n = 26) show significant differences between the two groups (4-HNE: 7.81 ± 1.96 µg/mL vs. 6.15 ± 1.17 µg/mL, p < 0.05, TBARS: 4.23 ± 0.59 µmol/L vs. 1.99 ± 0.23 µmol/L, p < 0.05, MDA: 32.3 ± 6.26 ng/mL vs. 21.26 ± 2.36 ng/mL). The serum levels of TAS are lower in LP patients compared to the control group (269.83 ± 42.63 µmol/L vs. 316.46 ± 28.76 µmol/L, p < 0.05). The serum levels of TDHP are altered in LP patients compared to controls (NT: 388.10 ± 11.32 µmol/L vs. 406.85 ± 9.32., TT: 430.23 ± 9.93 µmol/L vs. 445.88 ± 9.01 µmol/L, DS: 21.06 ± 1.76 µmol/L vs. 19.52 ± 0.77µmol/L). Furthermore, a negative association between pro-oxidants and TAS is identified (4-HNE – rho = −0.83, p < 0.01, TBARS – rho = −0.63, p < 0.01, and MDA – rho = −0.69, p < 0.01). Understanding the mechanisms by which bioactive aldehydes exert their biological effects on the skin could help define effective therapeutical strategies to counteract the cytotoxic effects of these reactive metabolic intermediates.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End-Product Formation byOriganum majoranaL.In Vitroand in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl Species ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl

The development of AGE inhibitors is considered to have therapeutic potential in patients with diabetes diseases. The aim of the present study was investigate the effect of methanolic extract of the leaves ofOriganum majorana(OM) used as spice in many countries on AGEs formation.In vitrostudies indicated a significant inhibitory effects on the formation of AGEs. Their antiglycation activities were not only brought about by their antioxidant activities but also related to their trapping abilities of reactive carbonyl species such as methylglyoxal, an intermediate reactive carbonyl of AGE formation. The results demonstrate that OM have significant effects onin vitroAGE formation, and the glycation inhibitory activity was more effectively than those obtained using as standard antiglycation agent aminoguanidine. OM is a potent agent for protecting LDL against oxidation and glycation. Treatment of streptozotocin-diabetic mice with OM and glibenclamide for 28 days had beneficial effects on renal metabolic abnormalities including glucose level and AGEs formation. Diabetic mice showed increase in tail tendon collagen, glycated collagen linked fluorescence and reduction in pepsin digestion. Treatment with OM improved these parameters when compared to diabetic control and glibenclamide.

scholarly journals Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens and the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols, with Special Reference to Willow (Salix spp.) Bark Supplements—A Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Mihaela Saracila ◽  
Tatiana Dumitra Panaite ◽  
Camelia Puia Papuc ◽  
Rodica Diana Criste
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Willow Bark ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Salix Spp

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of a wide range of phytoadditives to counteract the harmful effects of heat stress in poultry. Willow (Salix spp.) is a tree with a long history. Among various forms, willow bark is an important natural source of salicin, β-O-glucoside of saligenin, but also of polyphenols (flavonoids and condensed tannins) with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity. In light of this, the current review presents some literature data aiming to: (1) describe the relationship between heat stress and oxidative stress in broilers, (2) present or summarize literature data on the chemical composition of Salix species, (3) summarize the mechanisms of action of willow bark in heat-stressed broilers, and (4) present different biological effects of the extract of Salix species in different experimental models.

scholarly journals Maternal exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics causes brain abnormalities in progeny

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohyeon Jeong ◽  
Young-Kyoung Ryu ◽  
Jeong Yeob Baek ◽  
Jahong Koo ◽  
Subin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Maternal Administration

Abstract As global plastic production continues to grow, microplastics released from a massive quantity of plastic wastes have become a critical environmental concern. These microplastic particles are found in a wide range of living organisms in a diverse array of ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) on development of the central nervous system using cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) and mice exposed to PSNPs during developmental stages. Our study demonstrates that maternal administration of PSNPs during gestation and lactating periods altered the functioning of NSCs, neural cell compositions, and brain histology in progeny. Similarly, our in vitro study also shows PSNP-induced molecular and functional defects in NSCs. Finally, we show that the abnormal brain development caused by exposure to high concentrations of PSNPs results in neurophysiological and cognitive deficits in a gender-specific manner. Our data demonstrate the possibility that exposure to high amounts of PSNPs may increase the risk of neurodevelopmental defects.

scholarly journals Clinical trials of resveratrol efficacy and safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Veljko Cucuz ◽  
Jelena Cvejic ◽  
Ljiljana Gojkovic-Bukarica
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Activity

Trans-resveratrol is a phytoalexin from the stilbene class, polyphenolic compound from non-flavonoid group. In vitro and animal studies have shown that trans-resveratrol may exert a wide range of potential beneficial effects to human health, which involves antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activity. The objective of this paper was to summarize available data concerning the most important clinical trials focused on resveratrol biological effects. The results of clinical trials indicate that resveratrol has potential cardioprotective activity in patients with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It can also have positive effect on the circulatory function and exert anti-diabetic activity in humans, while the anti-cancer activity is still insufficiently tested. Some issues remain unsolved, such as the dose and length of treatment that would maximize the potential of resveratrol. It is expected that future, better designed and more extensive clinical trials will provide additional information related to this topic.

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