scholarly journals Relationship betweenLeishmaniaIFAT Titer and Clinicopathological Manifestations (Clinical Score) in Dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Proverbio ◽  
Eva Spada ◽  
Giada Bagnagatti de Giorgi ◽  
Roberta Perego ◽  
Emanuela Valena
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Clinical Scores ◽  
Soluble Immune Complexes

During canine leishmaniasis (CanL) due toLeishmania infantum,high levels of antibodies production are associated with the presence of various clinical signs, because of the deposition of soluble immune complexes in organs and tissues. The immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) is one of the most commonly used techniques for detection of anti-Leishmaniaantibodies. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a correlation between clinical signs and IFAT titers in dogs naturally infected withLeishmania. A retrospective study was performed on medical records of 49 dogs diagnosed with CanL. Information extracted from the medical records of each dog with CanL was clinical score, IFAT titer, serum total protein (TP), gamma globulin (IgG) and creatinine concentration, and protein creatinine ratio in urine sample (UP/UC) at each follow-up examination. Results show that dogs with highest IFAT titers recorded had higher mean clinical scores indicating a positive relationship (P<0.0001) between anti-Leishmaniaantibodies (IgG) and clinical manifestations, which becomes more evident in severe clinical forms of canine leishmaniasis. Higher TP and IgG serum concentrations were recorded in dogs with higher clinical scores. Significant association was observed between UP/UC and the IFAT titer (P=0.004).

scholarly journals Toward Diagnosing Leishmania infantum Infection in Asymptomatic Dogs in an Area Where Leishmaniasis Is Endemic

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Otranto ◽  
P. Paradies ◽  
D. de Caprariis ◽  
D. Stanneck ◽  
G. Testini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

ABSTRACT The most frequently used diagnostic methods were compared in a longitudinal survey with Leishmania infantum-infected asymptomatic dogs from an area of Italy where leishmaniasis is endemic. In February and March 2005, 845 asymptomatic dogs were tested by an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), a dipstick assay (DS), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for L. infantum and by IFAT for Ehrlichia canis. Dogs seronegative for L. infantum were further parasitologically evaluated by microscopic examination of lymph node tissues and PCR of skin samples. A total of 204 animals both serologically and parasitologically negative for L. infantum at the first sampling were enrolled in the trial and were further examined for canine leishmaniasis (CanL) and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in November 2005 (i.e., the end of the first sandfly season) and March 2006 and 2007 (1- and 2-year follow-ups, respectively). At the initial screening, the overall rates of L. infantum seroprevalence were 9.5% by IFAT, 17.1% by ELISA, and 9.8% by DS and the overall rate of E. canis seroprevalence was 15%. The rates of concordance between the results of IFAT and DS were almost equal, whereas the rate of concordance between the results of IFAT and DS and those of the ELISA was lower. The results of the annual incidence of Leishmania infection were variable, depending on the test employed, with the highest values registered for PCR (i.e., 5.7% and 11.4% at the 1- and 2-year follow-ups, respectively), followed by ELISA, IFAT, and DS. Over the 2 years of observation, 55 animals (i.e., 26.9%) became positive for L. infantum by one or more diagnostic tests at different follow-up times, with 12.7% showing clinical signs related to CanL, while the remaining 87.3% were asymptomatic. A diagnostic scheme for assessment of the L. infantum infection status in asymptomatic dogs is suggested.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Leishmania infantum in dogs in Sardinia (Italy), an endemic island for leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Tamponi ◽  
Fabio Scarpa ◽  
Silvia Carta ◽  
Stephane Knoll ◽  
Daria Sanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
General Information ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
First Time

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a widespread, vector-borne parasitosis causing clinical manifestations in animals and in humans. In dogs, Canine Leishmaniasis has been reported in as much as 50 countries and the Mediterranean basin is known to be one of the most affected zones. Within these areas, the Island of Sardinia (Italy) has long been considered endemic for leishmaniasis and the presence of two arthropod vectors has recently been reported there. Nevertheless, to date, no epidemiological surveys regarding CanL have been carried out on the island. Hence, for the first time, the seroprevalence and the risk factors were investigated. Blood samples, as well as clinical and general information from 1.147 dogs, were collected and analyzed. Dogs consisted of two distinct populations, namely “owned dogs” and “kennel dogs.” Anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies were detected using IFAT and samples were scored as positive at a cut-off dilution of 1:80. Data was analyzed using a Chi-squared test and bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Overall, 15.4% of dogs were found to be infected with CanL while only 44.1% of these animals exhibited clinical signs. Owned dogs (27.2%) were found to be infected more often than kennel dogs (10.6%); male dogs were found to be more frequently infected than female dogs and the number of infected animals increases with age. The present survey confirmed the endemic nature of leishmaniasis in Sardinia with a similar seroprevalence as mainland Italy. The results obtained serve as validation for the hypothesis that, in endemic areas, clinical CanL representations constitute only a fraction of the leishmaniasis cases.

scholarly journals CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ Expressions in Skin Dogs Naturally Infected by Leishmania infantum

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Társsila Mara Vieira Ferreira ◽  
Tiago Cunha Ferreira ◽  
Fernanda Maria Aragão Ximenes Porto ◽  
Conceição Da Silva Martins ◽  
Berlamino Eugênio Lopes Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
E Cadherin

Background: In canine leishmaniasis (CanL), infection occurs through phlebotomine vectors that inoculate the protozoan Leishmania infantum into the skin that infected macrophages and activated dendritic cells (CD). Dogs with CanL present variable clinical manifestations, being common the presence of cutaneous lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+  associating the skin sentinels cells and to compare the clinical-dermatological manifestations in the skin of dogs naturally infected by L. infantum.Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs infected (n = 22) by L. infantum were divided into asymptomatic group (AD, n = 9), and symptomatic group (SD, n = 13), according criteria based on the presence or absence of skin changes. Dogs non-infected (CD, n = 5) were included as control group. Samples of skin biopsies collected from scapular region were processed by routine histology and labeled by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+, and were described as none, mild, moderate and intense. SD presented keratoconjunctivitis, onychogryphose, lichenification, depigmentation, alopecia, hypotrichosis, erythematous dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, ulcerative dermatitis and crusted dermatitis, and the frequency these alterations was expressed as percentage. The results of hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn’s test and expressed as mean ± standard deviation, with values P < 0.05. Leukocytosis (not significant), red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin (P < 0.05), total protein serum (P < 0.05), globulins (P < 0.05), albumin and A/G ratio (P < 0.01) were altered in SD in relation to CD. Cutaneous cellular infiltration, composed by macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils, was observed in CD. There was an increase of expression of the markers in SD when compared to the other groups, as moderate CD68+ expression and L. infantum, and intense CD45+ and E-cadherin+ expressions.Discussion: Cutaneous involvement is very important in CanL, as it corresponds to where is the first interaction between the parasite and the immune system. Dermatological clinical signs, leukocytosis, anemia, globulins levels have been reported for dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. Inflammatory infiltrate was distributed at superficial and deep dermis, which was composed by mononuclear cells as macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. To characterize the immune sentinels cells in the skin it was evaluated CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions. In syntomatic dogs, our results revelead an increase of expression of these markers. CD45+ is one of the most abundant molecules expressed on the white blood cell surface in various mammals, while CD68+ is a myelomonocytic marker that seems to be retained during monocyte differentiation. In the skin, increased numbers of CD68+ are related to dendritic epidermal cells, which can be expressed as CD45+/CD1a-/HLA-DR+. DCs of the skin, particularly epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), form networks anchored to neighboring keratinocytes via E-cadherin. Thus, CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions may be related to activation of skin sentinels cells in dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. Our results indicated that CanL modify the CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions, which characterize the immune sentinels cells activation that promove the recruitment the cellular infiltrate, which was composed by macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Thus, these informations may contribute to the follow-up of CanL progression in skin.

scholarly journals Follow-up survey of the prevalence, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment of Spirocerca lupi in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Remo Lobetti
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Spirocerca Lupi ◽  
Important Disease

Spirocercosis is an important disease in South Africa. The object of this study was to determine if there had been a change in the prevalence, clinical manifestations and treatment of Spirocerca lupi over a 14-year period. A questionnaire was sent to 577 veterinary practices throughout South Africa in 2012. Of responders, 76% indicated that S. lupi occurred in their area, whilst 24% indicated that it did not; 84% considered S. lupi not to be a new phenomenon, whereas 16% considered it to be new. Monthly or seasonal distribution of the disease was not reported, and 76% of responders reported it to occur in no specific breed of dog, whereas 24% reported a breed risk, most considering large breeds to be at greater risk. No specific age or sex was identified as at higher risk. Common owner complaints were vomiting, weight loss, cough, or regurgitation. Reported clinical findings tended to mirror the clinical signs reported by owners. Most common diagnostic methods used were radiology, endoscopy, faecal flotation, and post mortem examination. Forty-four percent did not report seeing asymptomatic cases, 40% reported asymptomatic cases and 16% did not know. Associated complications were reported by 85% of responders, and included oesophageal neoplasia, hypertrophic osteopathy and acute haemothorax. Four different drugs were used as therapy: doramectin, ivermectin, milbemycin and Advocate®, with 9% of the responders using a combination of these four; 85% considered treatment to be effective and 15% ineffective. Treatment was considered more effective if the disease was diagnosed early and there were no complications. Two important conclusions were that more cases are being seen and that efficacy of therapy has increased, with a decrease in the mortality rate.

Utility of post-therapy surveillance scans in DLBCL.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8504-8504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Thompson ◽  
Matthew J. Maurer ◽  
Herve Ghesquieres ◽  
William R Macon ◽  
Thomas Matthew Habermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Physical Exam ◽  
Aggressive Lymphoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Post Therapy

8504 Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive lymphoma. The optimal follow-up strategy for patients (pts) in remission is not clear. The goal of this study is to determine the utility of surveillance scans in a large, prospective, multi-institutional cohort of DLBCL pts. Methods: Patients were enrolled in the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic SPORE Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER), a prospective cohort of newly diagnosed lymphoma pts. All pts were followed for events including relapse, re-treatment, and death with events verified by medical records. Patients eligible for this study had biopsy proven DLBCL and were treated with anthracycline based immunochemotherapy (IC). Initial and post-treatment management was per treating physician. Medical records were re-reviewed in pts with events for clinical details at relapse and relationship to planned follow-up visits and surveillance scans. Results: 644 pts with DLBCL treated with IC were enrolled in MER from 2002-2009. Median age was 63 years (range 18-92), 54% were men, and median f/u was 59 months (range 8-116). 537 pts entered post-treatment observation; 109 (20%) of the 537 pts relapsed and 41 died from other causes. 42% of relapses were in the first 12 months following diagnosis, 27% between 12-24 months, and 31% >24 months. In the 109 who relapsed, 62% of pts (62/100, 9 unknown) presented to their physician earlier than a planned follow-up visit due to symptoms. At the time of relapse, 68% were symptomatic, 42% of pts had abnormal physical exam, and 55% had elevated LDH; 87% of pts had ≥1 of these features. Of the 38 pts with relapse detected at a planned visit, 26 had clinical features of relapse and 12 pts had relapse detected solely by planned surveillance scan; 4 pts had relapse of low-grade or other subtype and 8 had DLBCL relapse (4 of whom had equivocal/positive PET at the end of IC). Thus, surveillance scanning detected DLBCL relapse prior to clinical manifestations in only 8/537 pts (1.5%) observed post DLBCL therapy. Conclusions: The vast majority of DLBCL relapses occur outside of planned follow-up visits and are accompanied by symptoms, physical exam, or laboratory abnormalities. Routine surveillance scans post-therapy add little to detection of DLBCL relapse.

An Intrapericardial Technique for PDA Ligation: Surgical Description and Clinical Outcome in 35 Dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Selmic ◽  
David A. Nelson ◽  
Ashley B. Saunders ◽  
H. Phil Hobson ◽  
W. Brian Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Residual Flow ◽  
Surgical Time ◽  
Ductal Closure ◽  
Echocardiographic Findings

A number of surgical techniques have been reported for dissection and ligation of patent ductus arteriosi (PDAs) in dogs. The objectives of this study were to provide a detailed description of an intrapericardial technique for PDA dissection and ligation and to report the clinical outcome of that technique in dogs. Medical records of 35 dogs were retrospectively reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, echocardiographic findings, surgical time, intra- and postoperative complications, and completeness of ductal closure. Median surgery time was 60 min (range, 35–125 min). Neither intraoperative nor postoperative complications occurred. Within 48 hr of surgery, the continuous left basilar heart murmur was absent in all dogs, and complete echocardiographic closure was confirmed in 29 of 32 dogs. Residual flow was identified echocardiographically in three dogs within 48 hr of surgery. Residual flow was decreased in one dog at 1 mo, which resolved within 33 mo. One dog had mild residual flow postoperatively but did not return for follow-up. The intrapericardial technique was successful for PDA dissection and ligation and had a lower rate (6%) of echocardiographic residual flow compared with previously reported techniques.

Use of MRI for the Early Diagnosis of Masticatory Muscle Myositis

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cauduro ◽  
Paolo Favole ◽  
Roberto M. Asperio ◽  
Valeria Rossini ◽  
Maurizio Dondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Masticatory Muscle ◽  
Intense Pain ◽  
Early Therapy ◽  
Masseter Muscles

The medical records of two dogs that were diagnosed with masticatory muscle myositis (MMM) were reviewed. The reported clinical signs included intense pain when opening the mouth and restricted jaw movement. MRI detected widespread, symmetrical, and inhomogeneously hyperintense areas in the masticatory muscle. Electromyography (EMG) demonstrated severe and spontaneous pathologic activity in the temporal and masseter muscles. With early therapeutic treatment, remission of symptoms occurred within 2 mo, and no relapses were observed for the subsequent 2 yr. The gold standard for the diagnosis of MMM is the 2M antibody test, but the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of MRI as an accurate and efficient diagnostic tool for the initiation of early therapy for the treatment of muscle myositis.

scholarly journals Hiponatremična hipokloremična dehidracija pri otrocih s cistično fibrozo v Sloveniji; pogostost in priporočila za preprečevanje in zdravljenje

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Praprotnik ◽  
Gorazd Kalan ◽  
Nataša Bratina ◽  
Ivan Vidmar ◽  
Malena Aldeco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
The University ◽  
Time Of Admission

Background: Young children and rarely adolescents with cystic fibrosis can develop hyponatremic hypochloremic dehydration with metabolic alkalosis. The purpose of this article was to review the incidence of this metabolic disorder in our CF patients.Methods: We investigated the medical records of all children diagnosed with cystic fibrosis who are under follow-up in the CF center at the University Childrenʹs Hospital Ljubljana, and were hospitalised or treated on an outpatient basis due to hyponatremic, hypochloremic dehydration in the period from 2007–2012. Data analysis included clinical and laboratory findings.Results: A total of 4 children (7.2 %) from Ljubljana CF center (55 patients under the age of 19 years) were enrolled in the study. We observed 5 episodes of hyponatremic hypochloremic dehydration in 4 patients (one boy had two episodes). All were homozigous for ΔF 508 mutation. Two had episodes in summer and two in autumn, so that no season prevalence of its occurence was found. Median age at admission to the hospital due to hyponatremic hypochloremic dehydration was 7 months (range 4–34). One boy had a hypovolemic shock at the time of admission to the hospital.Conclusions: The results of our study show that dehydration with hypoelectrolytaemia is a rare complication in children with CF in Slovenia, but due to the severity of clinical signs it is an important disorder. Vomiting and fatigue are the warning signs that should alert parents and physicians to consider the possibility of this complication which can be prevented by proper hydration and salt replacement. If left untreated, it can cause seizures, arrhythmias and even death.

Pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa envenomation in 11 cats: a retrospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 685-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Pouzot-Nevoret ◽  
Maxime Cambournac ◽  
Amandine Violé ◽  
Isabelle Goy-Thollot ◽  
Gilles Bourdoiseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Pine Processionary Moth ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Pine Processionary Caterpillar ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations in cats of contact with caterpillars of the pine processionary moth. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from the medical records (2004–2016) of cats that had been in contact with caterpillars of the pine processionary moth. Results Eleven cats were included in the study. The prevalence of lepidopterism was 0.13%. Tongue lesions and ptyalism were both present in 10/11 (91%) cats. Systemic signs consisted exclusively of vomiting and were encountered in 4/11 (36%) cats. The survival rate was 100%. Long-term follow-up data were available for 7/11 cats, and none of the cats showed impaired quality of life or definitive sequelae. Conclusions and relevance The clinical presentation of lepidopterism in cats appears to be similar to that in other animals; however, the clinical signs are less severe than those previously reported, mainly owing to the cautious behaviour of this species. Moreover, the prognosis is excellent, the length of hospitalisation is short (maximum 48 h) and our study showed the absence of any long-term disability after hospital discharge.

PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome: early tumour development in children

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patroula Smpokou ◽  
Victor L Fox ◽  
Wen-Hann Tan
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumour ◽  
Tumour Development ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to report the earliest age of diagnosis of common clinical findings in children with PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS).DesignMedical records of children with PHTS were reviewed; data included growth measurements, presence or absence of specific clinical manifestations and tumours, and documented ages of diagnosis.SettingChildren with PHTS evaluated at Boston Children's Hospital from 1996 to 2011.PatientsThe cohort included 34 children diagnosed with PHTS via genetic testing, under the age of 21 years. Of these, 23 were male and 11 female. The mean age at their last documented clinical evaluation was 13.6 years. The mean follow-up time was 7.5 years.ResultsMacrocephaly and developmental/intellectual disability were consistent findings. Pigmented penile macules were noted in all males examined for this finding. Thyroid nodules, found in half the children screened with ultrasound, were diagnosed as early as at 5 years of age. Thyroid carcinoma, identified in 12% of the children in this cohort, was diagnosed as early as at 7 years of age. Other tumours included renal cell carcinoma diagnosed at 11 years of age and granulosa cell tumour of the ovary and colonic ganglioneuroma, each diagnosed at 16 years of age.ConclusionsSpecific clinical findings and tumours are characteristic in children with PHTS. Tumour development occurs in young children with this condition, which necessitates early surveillance, especially of the thyroid.

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