scholarly journals Determinants of Bone Strength Estimated by Calcaneal Ultrasonography in Inuit Women from Nuuk (Greenland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Alexandra-Cristina Paunescu ◽  
Pierre Ayotte ◽  
Sylvie Dodin ◽  
Éric Dewailly ◽  
Gert Mulvad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Selection Of Variables

This study was conducted to identify determinants of bone strength estimated by quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) at the calcaneus of Greenlandic Inuit women. A total of 153 Inuit women from Nuuk, aged from 49 to 64 years, participated in the first QUS measurement (year 2000) with an Achilles Lunar instrument (speed of sound (SOS); broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA); stiffness index (SI)). A second measurement was performed two years later (year 2002) in 121 participants. Several factors known to be associated with bone strength were recorded at baseline for 118 of them. Determinants of QUS parameters were identified using an automatic (stepwise) selection of variables in linear regression. Significant determinants of baseline QUS measurements were age and body weight for all QUS parameters, height for BUA and SI, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use for SI. Significant predictors of follow-up QUS measurements were baseline QUS values, the smoking status and HRT use for all QUS parameters, omega-3/omega-6 PUFA content ratio of erythrocytes membrane phospholipids (BUA and SI), and menopausal status (BUA). Several modifiable dietary factors, such as a diet rich in omega-3 PUFAs and lifestyle factors (i.e., smoking, taking HRT), were shown to determine QUS parameters after a follow-up of two years.

scholarly journals The effect of long-term, non-suppressive levothyroxine treatment on quantitative ultrasonometry of bone in women

2000 ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Hadji ◽  
O Hars ◽  
G Sturm ◽  
T Bauer ◽  
G Emons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasonometry ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of long-term, non-suppressive levothyroxine (L-T(4)) treatment on quantitative ultrasonometry in women. DESIGN: This was a case-control study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Altogether 667 women (mean age+/-s.d., 49.5+/-13.1 years) were studied. Of these, 156 (23%) had non-toxic goitre or hypothyroidism and had been taking L-T(4) (75-100 microg/day) for at least 5 years (mean+/-s.d., 12.5+/-7.5 years); the remaining 511 (77%) women were not receiving L-T(4). All women had completed a questionnaire on risk factors for thyroid dysfunction and osteoporosis, and those with diseases or treatments known to effect bone metabolism - other than thyroxine or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) - were excluded. Women underwent quantitative ultrasonometry (QUS) at the heel. Speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and the stiffness index (SI) were compared, first, in all women taking L-T(4) and controls and, secondly, in women taking L-T(4) and controls pair-matched for age, weight, body mass index (BMI), menopausal status and HRT use. RESULTS: Even after matching for age, weight, BMI, menopausal and HRT status, women taking L-T(4) had significantly lower values for SOS and SI (P<0.05), but not for BUA. However, absolute T- and Z-scores for SI were not low in either the study or control groups. Lower values were associated, but not significantly so, with years since the menopause and duration of L-T(4) treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term, non-suppressive L-T(4) treatment in women with goitre or hypothyroidism was associated with a slight reduction in QUS values, which was more pronounced in postmenopausal women. This group could be at higher risk for osteoporotic fracture.

scholarly journals Dietary Soy Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Women but Not in Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (7) ◽  
pp. 1208-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kie Konishi ◽  
Keiko Wada ◽  
Michiyo Yamakawa ◽  
Yuko Goto ◽  
Fumi Mizuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Soy Foods

ABSTRACT Background Whole soy foods, as well as their components, including protein and isoflavones, have garnered attention because they may have beneficial effects against diabetes. Objectives We examined associations between the intake of soy foods, soy protein, and soy isoflavones and the risk of diabetes in the Japanese population. Methods This prospective cohort study included 13,521 residents (5883 men and 7638 women; 35–69 y old) of Takayama City, Japan. The subjects responded to a self-administered baseline questionnaire in 1992 and to a follow-up questionnaire seeking information about diabetes in 2002. Their mean ± SD body mass index was 22.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2 (men) and 22.1 ± 2.7 (women). The intakes of total soy foods, fried soy foods, nonfried soy foods, soy protein, and soy isoflavones were estimated through the use of a validated food-frequency questionnaire administered in 1992. Associations between soy intake and the risk of diabetes were evaluated through the use of Cox proportional hazards models incorporating age, education level, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, use of vitamin supplements, menopausal status, and dietary factors including glycemic load, total energy, total fat, meat, fruit, vegetables, and coffee. Results During a 10-y follow-up, 438 participants reported physician-diagnosed diabetes. Women in the highest tertile of intakes of total soy foods, fried soy foods, nonfried soy foods, soy protein, and soy isoflavone had significantly lower HRs, after controlling for covariates, than those with the lowest intakes. For example, HRs were 0.45 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.68; P-trend <0.001) for total soy food intake. In men, there were no significant associations between soy intake and the risk of diabetes. Conclusions These results suggest that a high soy intake may be associated with a lower risk of diabetes in Japanese women.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in dietary intake in Scottish women around the menopause: changes in dietary pattern result in minor changes in nutrient intake

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M Macdonald ◽  
Susan A New ◽  
David M Reid
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Processed Meat

AbstractObjectiveTo examine dietary change that has occurred over 5 to 6 years.SubjectsA cohort of Scottish women (n=898) with a mean age of 47.5 years (range 45–54 years) at baseline.DesignDietary intake was assessed by validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and analysed using the UK Composition of Foods database.ResultsSince the first dietary assessment, mean daily energy intake had decreased from 8.2±2.3 to 7.9±2.2 MJ. The degree of low energy reporting (defined as ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate >1.1) had increased from 18.7% at baseline to 25.6% at follow-up. Low energy reporters were significantly heavier than ‘normal’ energy reporters (mean weight at follow-up, 68.9±12.6 vs. 66.8±11.3 kg) and could be deliberately restricting intake rather than underreporting. Overall there were decreases in intakes of red meat, processed meat and cheese, but increases in poultry and non-oily fish consumption. Consumption of bread, biscuits and cakes had gone down and there was an increase in cereal and rice/pasta consumption. Intake of potatoes had decreased whereas fruit intake had increased. There were small but statistically significant differences in intakes for most nutrients (>8% change). Nutrient intakes at both visits were similar across menopausal status and usage groups of hormone replacement therapy. Modifications to the computer version of the McCance and Widdowson nutrient database, which differed from the published version, were noted. These changes altered the original baseline values for our study.ConclusionsThe menopause per se is not a period of marked change in nutrient intake. Caution is advised when using computer databases of food compositions for longitudinal studies.

One-Year Follow-up of the CAPO Kids Trial: Are Physical Benefits Maintained?

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana C. Nogueira ◽  
Benjamin K. Weeks ◽  
Belinda Beck
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Ultrasound Attenuation

Purpose: To determine the 12-month maintenance of a 9-month, thrice-weekly, 10-minute high-intensity exercise program, delivered in schools, on bone and other health-related performance variables in prepubertal children. Methods: All participants (N = 311) of the CAPO kids trial (testing times T1–T2) were contacted to undergo retesting (T3) of all original measures—including weight, standing and sitting height, calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (Achilles, GE), and stiffness index (Achilles, GE)—waist circumference, resting heart rate, blood pressure, vertical jump, and aerobic capacity. Maturity was determined by estimating age of peak height velocity using sex-specific regression equations. Results: A total of 240 children [12.3 (0.6) y old] were included in the current study (77% of initial follow-up sample at T2). Between the T2 and T3 time points, both exercise (EX) group and control (CON) group increased broadband ultrasound attenuation (EX: 5.6%, P ≤ .001; CON: 6.5%, P ≤ .001), stiffness index (EX: 7.3%, P ≤ .001; CON: 5.2%, P ≤ .001), vertical jump (EX: 5.9%, P ≤ .001; CON: 6.3%, P ≤ .001), estimated maximal oxygen consumption (EX: 13.3%, P ≤ .001; CON: 12.1%, P ≤ .001), and reduced waist circumference (EX: −5.2%, P ≤ .001; CON: −5.6%, P ≤ .001), with no between-group differences in the magnitude of those changes. No differences were detected in absolute values between groups at T3. Conclusion: Although the statistically significant differences observed between groups following the intervention were no longer significant 1 year after withdrawal of the intervention, the between-group similarities in growth trajectories of those parameters could suggest that some benefit of the intervention for bone health, waist circumference, and physical performance endured.

Complementary Effects of Multivitamin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Indices of Cardiovascular Health in Individuals with Elevated Homocysteine

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Earnest ◽  
S. Kupper ◽  
M. Thompson ◽  
Guo ◽  
S. Church
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Daily Ingestion

Homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and triglycerides (TG) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While multivitamins (MVit) may reduce HCY and hsCRP, omega-3 fatty acids (N3) reduce TG; yet, they are seldom studied simultaneously. We randomly assigned 100 participants with baseline HCY (> 8.0 umol/L) to the daily ingestion of: (1) placebo, (2) MVit (VitC: 200 mg; VitE: 400 IU; VitB6: 25 mg; Folic Acid: 400 ug; VitB12: 400 ug) + placebo, (3) N3 (2 g N3, 760 mg EPA, 440 mg DHA)+placebo, or (4) MVit + N3 for 12 weeks. At follow-up, we observed significant reductions in HCY (umol/L) for the MVit (- 1.43, 95 %CI, - 2.39, - 0.47) and MVit + N3 groups (- 1.01, 95 %CI, - 1.98, - 0.04) groups, both being significant (p < 0.05) vs. placebo (- 0.57, 95 %CI, - 1.49, 0.35) and N3 (1.11, 95 % CI, 0.07, 2.17). hsCRP (nmol/L) was significantly reduced in the MVit (- 6.00, 95 %CI, - 1.04, - 0.15) and MVit + N3 (- 0.98, 95 %CI, - 1.51, - 0.46) groups, but not vs. placebo (- 0.15, 95 %CI, - 0.74, 0.43) or N3 (- 0.53, 95 %CI, - 1.18, 0.12). Lastly, we observed significant reductions in TG for the N3 (- 0.41, 95 %CI, - 0.69, - 0.13) and MVit + N3 (- 0.71, 95 %CI, - 0.93, - 0.46) groups, both significant vs. placebo (- 0.10, 95 %CI, - 0.36, 0.17) and MVit groups (0.15, 95 %CI, - 12, 0.42). The co-ingestion of MVit + N3 provides synergistic affects on HCY, hsCRP, and plasma TG.

scholarly journals Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Farrell ◽  
Laura F. DeFina ◽  
Nathan L. Tintle ◽  
David Leonard ◽  
Kenneth H. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Time To Diagnosis ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids ◽  
Long Chain

Background: The association between long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and prostate cancer (PC) remains unclear. Methods: We compared incident PC rates as a function of the Omega-3 Index [O3I, erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA + DHA)] in 5607 men (40–80 years of age) seen at the Cooper Clinic who were free of PC at baseline. The average follow-up was 5.1 ± 2.8 years until censoring or reporting a new PC diagnosis. Proportional hazards regression was used to model the linear association between baseline O3I and the age-adjusted time to diagnosis. A meta-analysis of n-3 PUFA biomarker-based studies and incident PC was updated with the present findings. Results: A total of 116 cases of incident PC were identified. When O3I was examined as a continuous variable, the age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) was 0.98 (0.89, 1.07; p = 0.25) for each 1% increment in the O3I. The updated meta-analysis with 10 biomarker-based studies found no significant relationship between EPA or DHA levels and risk for PC. Conclusions: We find no evidence in this study nor in a meta-analysis of similar studies that consuming n-3 PUFA-rich fish or using fish oil supplements affects the risk of PC.

Consumption of flavonoid-rich fruits, flavonoids from fruits, and stroke risk: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Qi Gao ◽  
Jia-Yi Dong ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Isao Muraki ◽  
Kazumasa Yamagishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Index Study

Abstract We sought to examine the prospective associations of specific fruit consumption, in particular flavonoid-rich fruit (FRF) consumption, with the risk of stroke and subtypes of stroke in a Japanese population. A study followed a total of 39,843 men and 47,334 women aged 44-76 years, and free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer at baseline since 1995 and 1998 to the end of 2009 and 2012, respectively. Data on total and specific FRF consumption for each participant were obtained using a self-administrated food frequency questionnaire. The hazard ratios (HRs) of stroke in relation to total and specific FRF consumption were estimated through Cox proportional hazards regression models. During a median follow-up of 13.1 years, 4092 incident stroke cases (2557 cerebral infarctions and 1516 hemorrhagic strokes) were documented. After adjustment for age, body mass index, study area, lifestyles, dietary factors, and other risk factors, it was found that total FRF consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of stroke in women (HR= 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58-0.84), while the association in men was not significant (HR= 0.93; 95% CI, 0.79-1.09). As for specific FRFs, consumptions of citrus fruits, strawberries, and grapes were found associated with a lower stroke risk in women. Higher consumptions of FRFs, in particular citrus fruits, strawberries, and grapes, were associated with a lower risk of developing stroke in Japanese women.

scholarly journals Dietary Factors and Prevention: Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease by Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tanushree Banerjee ◽  
Juan Jesus Carrero ◽  
Charles McCulloch ◽  
Nilka Rios Burrows ◽  
Karen R. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Strong Inverse Association ◽  
End Stage

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The association between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has not been examined in the general population and fully explored in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We prospectively evaluated this relationship in US representative sample of adults and evaluated consistency by the presence or absence, and severity, of CKD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994) linked with the US Renal Data System, including 14,725 adults aged ≥20 years and with follow-up for ESKD through 2008. Daily FV intake was ascertained using a food frequency questionnaire. We examined the association between selected categories of FV intake and ESKD using a Fine Gray competing risk model adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle, clinical and nutritional factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria. We evaluated whether risk varied in individuals with severe versus any CKD. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 230 participants (1.5%) developed ESKD during follow-up. In the adjusted model, compared to highest intake, those in lowest categories of FV intake had a higher risk of ESKD, for &#x3c;2 times/day (1.45 [1.24–1.68], 2 to &#x3c;3 times/day (1.40 [1.18–1.61]), 3 to &#x3c;4 times/day (1.25 [1.04–1.46]), and 4 to &#x3c;6 times/day (1.14 [0.97–1.31]). There was suggestion of heterogeneity (<i>p</i> for interaction = 0.03) with possible stronger inverse association in patients with CKD than those without CKD. After stratification, we obtained similar strong inverse association when we examined ESKD incidence across intake of FVs in participants with CKD stages 1–4 (<i>n</i> = 5,346) and specifically in those with CKD stages 3–4 (<i>n</i> = 1,084). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Low intake of FVs was associated with higher risk of ESKD in US adults with and without CKD, supporting an emerging body of literature on the potential benefits of plant-rich diets for prevention of ESKD.

Prognostic significance of aortic stiffness index in acromegaly—Results from a 4-year follow-up

2011 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Csajbók ◽  
Anita Kalapos ◽  
Henriette Gavallér ◽  
Tibor Wittmann ◽  
Miklós Csanády ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Stiffness Index

scholarly journals Determinants of first prescription of hormone replacement therapy. A follow-up study among 1689 women aged 45–60 years

Maturitas ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P.M.J. Groeneveld ◽  
F.P. Bareman ◽  
R. Barentsen ◽  
H.J. Dokter ◽  
A.C. Drogendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Follow Up Study
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