scholarly journals Development of a Safety Evaluation Model for Provincial Highway

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yuan ◽  
He-wei Yuan ◽  
Yong-feng Ma ◽  
Ying-wei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Accident Data

Provincial highway safety is one of the most important issues in transportation. To evaluate or assess the safety performance of provincial highway, traffic crash analysis or traffic conflict analysis has been used for a long history. However, it is very difficult and time-consuming to obtain historical crash data or traffic conflict data. This study analyzes the provincial highways' accident data during 2006–2010, and the characteristics of provincial highway have been investigated; in addition the influencing elements are identified. A comprehensive approach is introduced to evaluate provincial highway safety performance and corresponding models are developed considering the accidents, geometrics, facilities, and traffic environment. The approach will also result in a safety index to indicate the safety performance level of the provincial highway. In this paper, the approach (called safety evaluation approach) is practically applied to evaluate the safety performance of some provincial highways in Hebei Province. Results from the real application indicate that the approach has good applicability and can be used by field safety engineers.

Safety Evaluation and Improvements for Highway Intersections

2008 ◽  
Vol 2060 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yuan ◽  
Jian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Crash Analysis ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Intersection Safety ◽  
Traffic Signal Timing

Intersection safety is one of the most important issues in transportation. Traffic crash analysis—the most popular method to evaluate or assess the safety performance of an intersection—has been used for a long time. However, it is based on a lot of crash data, which need to be accumulated over a long period. In addition, traffic crashes sometimes occur randomly as a result of human driving behavior. Therefore, without sufficient data and crash history, traffic crash analysis may not give an overall evaluation of an intersection's safety performance. This paper introduces an approach to evaluating highway intersection safety performance. It is fully based on the existing conditions of the intersection, including geometrics, sight distance, pavement surface conditions, traffic control devices, traffic signal timing, and phasing. The non-accident-based approach is based on field surveys under the conditions mentioned previously. The approach will also result in a safety index to indicate the safety performance of the intersection. Corresponding countermeasures are ranked and recommended based on cost–benefit analysis. This paper is based on research results from part of a project (entitled Safety Design of Highway Intersections) sponsored by the China Department of Transportation. In this paper, the approach (called a diagnostic approach) is practically applied to evaluate the safety performance of some intersections in Shan Dong Province. Results from the real application indicate that the approach has good applicability and can be used by field safety engineers in real applications.

Intersection Safety Evaluation Model Based on Traffic Conflict and Accident Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 3320-3324
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Zhi Peng Ge
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Intersection Safety ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Accident Data

The severity of accidents can show the dangerous of intersections directly, however, the safety of intersections which have not accident data could not be evaluated easily. This paper introduced “Intersection Dangerous Parameter (IDP)” model to quantify intersections’ safety. Because IDP is calculated based on Intersection Conflict Dangerous Parameter (ICDP) and Intersection Accident Dangerous Parameter (IADP), IDP model can help to evaluate the safety of intersections which have not accident data. Rely on Chinese and American data, IDP model is calibrated and the safeties of three type intersections are evaluated using this method.

scholarly journals A Safety Evaluation Model of Intersections under Mixed Traffic Conditions Using Traffic Conflicts and Cloud Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xuan Can Vuong ◽  
Rui-Fang Mou ◽  
Trong Thuat Vu ◽  
Van Hung Tran ◽  
Chi Trung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Accident Data

Safety evaluation of traffic conflict is a very important and challenging issue in evaluating intersection safety under incomplete traffic accident data conditions and is also one of the main safety surrogate measures of analyzing accident data recently. It helps to analyze and solve intersection problems comprehensively and deeply. From there, it helps to improve traffic safety as well as reduce the risk of traffic accidents at intersections. Various evaluation methods based on traffic conflict have been proposed to make conflict safety levels at intersections more consistent and objective. However, a major concern is that many existing measurements are still subjective and are not easy to obtain uniformly. This study aimed to develop a model for safety evaluation at intersections in a comprehensive way that may be expected to directly link to the severity of the accident from different evaluation indicators. First, the three factors, including time to collision (TTC), conflicting speed (CS), and deceleration rate (DR) to avoid a crash, are introduced into safety evaluation of conflicts as the indicators. And then, as regards the fuzziness and randomness of the evaluation indicators, the qualitative concept has to be converted into a quantitative one utilizing cloud model, which implements the natural transformation between the qualitative concept of the safety level of traffic conflict and the membership degree of the evaluation indicators corresponding to the different safety levels. Finally, an indicator weight model is built based on the information entropy and the AHP method to determine the safety level. We illustrate the practical implementation of the proposed method using actual data of a typical signalized intersection from Hanoi City of Vietnam. The results indicate that traffic conflict analyzed by the proposed method was appropriate with actual state of the intersection, and the proposed method is simple, effective, and feasible, so it has a certain application value.

Streamlining Chinese Highway Accident Data Acquisition, Communications, and Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 1846 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yi ◽  
Bin Ran
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Data Mapping ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Safety Program ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Set Up

This research examines a streamlined accident data acquisition, communications, and analysis system to improve the Chinese highway safety program. A data logger compatible with the Global Positioning System and geographic information system is proposed to identify highway accident locations and organize the data into a database format. A data encoding concept is used to transform Chinese characters into numbers, so that the encoded data are easy to integrate into a large data system. A three-tier client–server networking system is set up as the backbone framework for data communications between the central database and distributed local offices. Using local database functions, traffic police at the client level can view crash data through data mapping and attribute listing and analyze the data through nested query and sorting operations. A data graphing and analysis module was tested for automatically constructing a collision diagram on selected data. The proposed approach to crash data acquisition and analysis was found to be feasible and effective and will help to enhance China’s highway safety program after full implementation.

Risk Analysis Techniques for Safety Evaluation of Highway Work Zones

2000 ◽  
Vol 1715 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Elias ◽  
Zohar J. Herbsman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Work Zone Safety ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Temporary Closure

Construction sites or work zones create serious disruptions in the normal flow of traffic, resulting in major inconveniences for the traveling public. Furthermore, these work zones create safety hazards that require special consideration. Current legislation and programs, at both state and national levels, emphasize the need for a better understanding of work zone problems to address work zone safety. This reality—coupled with the temporary closure of more miles of highway every year for rehabilitation and maintenance—makes the analysis of safety at construction sites a serious matter. A summary of a comprehensive study associated with the development of a new practical approach to address highway safety in construction zones is presented. Because empirical models require sample sizes that are not attainable due to the intrinsic scarcity of construction zone accident data, the problem was studied from the point of view of risk analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were used to develop risk factors. These factors are meant to be included in the calculations of additional user costs for work zones, or simply applied as risk measurements, to optimize the length and duration of closures for highway reconstruction and rehabilitation projects. In this way, it will be possible to assess the danger of work zones to the traveling public and minimize adverse effect of work zones on highway safety.

Calibration of the Highway Safety ManualGiven Safety Performance Functions for RuralMultilane Segments and Intersections in Kansas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Rubaiyat Aziz ◽  
Sunanda Dissanayake
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Crash Prediction ◽  
Highway Safety Manual ◽  
Satisfactory Level ◽  
Safety Performance Functions ◽  
Predictive Methods

The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides models and methodologies for safety evaluation and prediction of safety performance of various types of roadways. However, predictive methods in the HSM are of limited use if they are not calibrated for local conditions. In this study, calibration procedures given in the HSM were followed for rural segments and intersections in Kansas. Results indicated that HSM overpredicts fatal and injury crashes and underpredicts total crashes on rural multilane roadway segments in Kansas. Therefore, existing safety performance functions (SPFs) must be adjusted for Kansas conditions, in order to increase accuracy of crash prediction. This study examined a way to adjust HSM calibration procedures by development of new regression coefficients for existing HSM-given SPF. Final calibration factors obtained through modified SPFs indicated significant improvement in crash prediction for rural multilane segments in Kansas. Additionally, obtained calibration factors indicated that the HSM is capable of predicting crashes at intersections at satisfactory level.

Safety Evaluation of Alternative Audible Lane Departure Warning Treatments in Reducing Traffic Crashes: An Empirical Bayes Observational Before–After Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (21) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingtao Wu ◽  
Srinivas R. Geedipally ◽  
Adam M. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Lane Departure Warning ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
Lane Departure ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Single Vehicle

Roadway departure crashes are a major contributor to traffic fatalities and injury. Rumble strips have been shown to be an effective countermeasure in reducing roadway departure crashes. However, some roadway situations, for instance, inadequate shoulder width or roadway surface depth, have limited the application of conventional milled or rolled in rumble strips. Alternative audible lane departure warning systems, including profile (audible) pavement markings and preformed rumble bars, are increasingly used to overcome the limitations that exist with the milled rumble strips. So far, the safety effectiveness of these alternative audible lane departure warning systems has not been extensively assessed. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the safety effect of installing profile pavement markings and preformed rumble bars. Specifically, this study developed crash modification factors for these treatments that quantify the effectiveness in reducing single-vehicle-run-off-road (SVROR) and opposite-direction (OD) crashes. Traffic, roadway, and crash data at the treated sites on 189 miles of rural two-lane highways in Texas were analyzed using an empirical Bayes (EB) before–after analysis method. Safety performance functions from the Highway Safety Manual and Texas Highway Safety Design Workbook were used in the EB analysis. The results revealed a 21.3% reduction in all SVROR and OD crashes, and 32.5% to 39.9% reduction in fatal and injury SVROR and OD crashes after installing profile pavement marking and preformed rumble bars.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Shoulder Bypass Lanes at Unsignalized Intersections on Rural Two-Lane Roadways Using Cross Sectional Analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunanda Dissanayake ◽  
Alireza Shams
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Before And After

Construction of bypass lanes at rural intersections has typically been considered a low-cost highway safety improvement by the transportation community. However, this needs to be quantitatively evaluated so that the decisions could be made on whether to continue with adding bypass lanes. Highway safety analyses utilize two common approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of a geometric treatment: before-and-after study and cross-sectional study. This paper explains the results using a cross-sectional study approach, where intersections with bypass lanes were compared to intersections with no bypass lanes for which crash data were obtained for more than 1,100 intersections in Kansas. Both 3-legged and 4-legged intersections were taken into consideration separately by looking at intersection-related crashes and crashes within an intersection box. According to the results, the number of crashes and crash severities were lower at 3-legged intersections with bypass lanes compared with 3-legged intersections without bypass lanes, even though these reductions were not statistically significant at 95% level. When considering a 300-ft. intersection box, statistically significant crash reductions were observed at 4-legged intersections, for all considered crash and crash rate categories. When considering 90% level, crash reduction at 3-legged intersections was also statistically significant when considering a 300-ft. intersection box. Crash modification factors (CMFs) calculated to evaluate safety effectiveness of bypass lanes at unsignalized rural intersections in Kansas showed values less than 1.0 for almost all cases, indicating safety benefits of bypass lanes. Accordingly, it is beneficial to continue with the practice of adding shoulder bypass lanes at rural unsignalized intersections on two-lane roads where the traffic volumes are relatively low.

scholarly journals Validation of Simulated Safety Indicators with Traffic Crash Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Alonso ◽  
Vittorio Astarita ◽  
Luigi Dell’Olio ◽  
Vincenzo Pasquale Giofrè ◽  
Giuseppe Guido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Driver Distractions ◽  
The City

The purpose of this document is to validate a new methodology useful for the estimation of road accidents resulting from possible driver distractions. This was possible through a statistical comparison made between real accident data between 2016 and 2018 in the city of Santander (Spain) and simulated data resulting from the application of the methodology on two areas of study. The methodology allows us to evaluate possible collisions starting from the knowledge of vehicular trajectories extrapolated from microsimulation. Studies show that there are good correlations between the real data and the simulated data. The results obtained show that the proposed methodology can be considered reliable and, therefore, it could be of fundamental importance for designers, since it would simplify the choice between different possible intervention scenarios, determining which is the least risky in terms of road safety.

High-Grade Highway Safety Evaluation Method Based on Grey Clustering

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 1412-1415
Author(s):  
Sheng Neng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Highway Transportation ◽  
Grey Clustering ◽  
Safe Condition ◽  
Safety First

Evaluation for traffic safety is very important to improve traffic safety. First analyzes high grade highway security characteristic, then according to grey characteristics of traffic safety system, proposed high grade highway grey clustering evaluation model, and carries on the model to Henan province high grade highway's safe condition status evaluation, thus confirms this method the validity. The research showed that this model is a effective way which measure high grade highway transportation degree of security.

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