scholarly journals Memory-Enhancing Effects of the Crude Extract ofPolygala tenuifoliaon Aged Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongyang Li ◽  
Yamin Liu ◽  
Liwei Wang ◽  
Xinmin Liu ◽  
Qi Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Polygala Tenuifolia ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Memory Enhancer ◽  
Nonspatial Memory ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Learning and memory disorders arise from distinct age-associated processes, and aging animals are often used as a model of memory impairment. The root ofPolygala tenuifoliahas been commonly used in some Asian countries as memory enhancer and its memory improvement has been reported in various animal models. However, there is less research to verify its effect on memory functions in aged animals. Herein, the memory-enhancing effects of the crude extract ofPolygala tenuifolia(EPT) on normal aged mice were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) and step-down passive avoidance tests. In MWM tests, the impaired spatial memory of the aged mice was partly reversed by EPT (100 and 200 mg/kg;P< 0.05) as compared with the aged control mice. In step-down tests, the nonspatial memory of the aged mice was improved by EPT (100 and 200 mg/kg;P< 0.05). Additionally, EPT could increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activities, and decrease the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissue of the aged mice. The results showed that EPT improved memory functions of the aged mice probably via its antioxidant properties and via decreasing the activities of MAO and AChE.

Boswellia serrata Oleo-Gum-Resin and its Effect on Memory Functions: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-363
Author(s):  
Mohaddese Mahboubi ◽  
Leila Mohammad Taghizadeh Kashani
Keyword(s):  
Memory Loss ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
Traditional Practitioners ◽  
The Brain

Background: In Iranian Traditional Medicine, Boswellia serrata oleo-gum resins were used for the treatment of "Nisyan". "Nisyan" was equivalent to a reduction of memory or forgetfulness. Objective: This review evaluates the traditional believes of B. serrata and memory and its effectiveness on memory loss. Methods: We extracted all traditional and modern information on B. serrata oleo-gum resin preparations and memory from scientific accessible resources (Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, Science direct, Wiley), non-accessible resources and traditional books. Results: In traditional manuscripts, "Nisyan" is equal to memory loss in modern medicine and was believed to happen as the result of pouring the waste materials into the brain. Traditional practitioners treated "Nisyan" by inhibition of waste production in the brain or cleaning the brain from waste materials. They recommended using the plants with warming effects on the brain. It was believed that B. serrata had beneficial effects on memory functions and its memory enhancing effects have been the subject of pharmacological and clinical trial studies. Conclusion: Despite some documents on the effectiveness of B. serrata oleo-gum-resin on memory functions, there is gap between these investigations, especially in pregnant and nursing mothers. More investigations with large clinical trials are required to complete flaw in order to improve the therapeutic applications of B. serrata on memory functions.

scholarly journals The Potential Effects of Phytoestrogens: The Role in Neuroprotection

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2954
Author(s):  
Justyna Gorzkiewicz ◽  
Grzegorz Bartosz ◽  
Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
Keyword(s):  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Estrogen Synthesis ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Brain

Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring non-steroidal phenolic plant compounds. Their structure is similar to 17-β-estradiol, the main female sex hormone. This review offers a concise summary of the current literature on several potential health benefits of phytoestrogens, mainly their neuroprotective effect. Phytoestrogens lower the risk of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis, as well as cardiovascular disease. They also reduce the risk of brain disease. The effects of phytoestrogens and their derivatives on cancer are mainly due to the inhibition of estrogen synthesis and metabolism, leading to antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and epigenetic effects. The brain controls the secretion of estrogen (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis). However, it has not been unequivocally established whether estrogen therapy has a neuroprotective effect on brain function. The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens seem to be related to both their antioxidant properties and interaction with the estrogen receptor. The possible effects of phytoestrogens on the thyroid cause some concern; nevertheless, generally, no serious side effects have been reported, and these compounds can be recommended as health-promoting food components or supplements.

Abstract MP17: Upregulating E2F1 Mitigates Senescence-Associated Phenotypes in Cultured Primary Endothelial Cells

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E Maniskas ◽  
Yun-ju Lai ◽  
Sean P Marrelli ◽  
Louise D McCullough ◽  
Jose F Moruno-manchon
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Aged Mouse ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
The Brain

Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) includes multiple disorders that are identified by cognitive deficits secondary to cerebrovascular pathology. The risk of VCID is higher in people after the age of 70, and, currently, there is no effective treatment. Vascular endothelial cells (VEC) are critical components of the brain vasculature and neurovascular unit and their health is vital to the capacity of the brain vasculature to respond to stressors. However, aged VEC may enter an irreversible replicative-arrest state (senescence), which has been associated with dementia. E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) regulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair. Importantly, E2F1 deficiency is associated with cell senescence. We hypothesized that E2F1 downregulation contributes to senescence in the cerebral endothelium during aging. We used cultured primary VEC from young (4-months old, mo) and aged (18-mo) male and female mice for RNA sequencing, plasmid-based gene delivery, high-resolution microscopy, and (4-, 12-, and 18-mo) mice of the bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) model, which produces chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and recapitulates some of the features seen in patients with VCID. We found that overexpression of E2F1 reduced the levels of senescence-associated phenotypes in cultured VEC from young mice that were exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (p<0.001), which induces endothelial senescence. Our RNA seq data showed that the expression of E2f1 was reduced (~40%) in cultured primary VEC from aged mouse brains compared with young cells (p<0.001). E2F1 levels were reduced in the brains of aged mice. Interestingly, we found sex differences in E2F1 levels, with less protein levels (~30%) in males vs females (p<0.05), independently of age. Also, aged BCAS mice (1 month after surgery) had more severe senescence phenotypes, reduced cerebral blood flow, and worse memory deficits compared with control mice (p<0.05). The effect of BCAS was more prominent in aged mice compared with younger (4- and 12-mo) mice. In conclusion , our study identifies E2F1 as a potential regulator of endothelial senescence in mice and highlights the contribution of aging as an important factor in losing endothelial resilience.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Treatment with a Blend of Highly Purified Olive Secoiridoids on Cognition and Brain ATP Levels in Aged NMRI Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Reutzel ◽  
Rekha Grewal ◽  
Carmina Silaidos ◽  
Jens Zotzel ◽  
Stefan Marx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nmri Mice ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Atp Levels ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
The Brain

Aging represents a major risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As components of the Mediterranean diet, olive polyphenols may play a crucial role in the prevention of AD. Since mitochondrial dysfunction acts as a final pathway in both brain aging and AD, respectively, the effects of a mixture of highly purified olive secoiridoids were tested on cognition and ATP levels in a commonly used mouse model for brain aging. Over 6 months, female NMRI mice (12 months of age) were fed with a blend containing highly purified olive secoiridoids (POS) including oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and oleurosid standardized for 50 mg oleuropein/kg diet (equivalent to 13.75 mg POS/kg b.w.) or the study diet without POS as control. Mice aged 3 months served as young controls. Behavioral tests showed deficits in cognition in aged mice. Levels of ATP and mRNA levels of NADH-reductase, cytochrome-c-oxidase, and citrate synthase were significantly reduced in the brains of aged mice indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, gene expression of Sirt1, CREB, Gap43, and GPx-1 was significantly reduced in the brain tissue of aged mice. POS-fed mice showed improved spatial working memory. Furthermore, POS restored brain ATP levels in aged mice which were significantly increased. Our results show that a diet rich in purified olive polyphenols has positive long-term effects on cognition and energy metabolism in the brain of aged mice.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial, anti-oxidant properties and GC-MS analysis of the crude methanolic extract and fractions of Solanum dasyphyllum Schumach and Thonn. leaves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladapo Elijah Oyinloye ◽  
Olumuyiwa. S. Alabi ◽  
Olusegun. G. Ademowo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Kinetics Study ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Time Kill

Abstract Background: Solanum dasyphyllum is a plant with several ethno-medicinal uses as food and medicine in treatment of fever, skin diseases, inflammation, stomach ache and some systemic infections. To date there is little scientific validation of the folkloric claims of S. dasyphyllum compared to other species of the Solanaceae family. This study determined the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of methanol extract and fractions of the leaves of S. dasyphyllum and analysed the phyto-constituents using GC-MS technique.Methods: The dried leaves of S. dasyphyllum were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus with 80% methanol and the crude extract subjected to Phytochemical screening and liquid-liquid fractionation. Crude extract and fractions were subjected to antimicrobial screening, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) determination and time-kill kinetics study. Crude extract was assayed for antioxidant activity and analysed by GC-MS.Results: Percentage yield of S. dasyphyllum was 12.5% and tested positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins and reducing sugars. The crude extract and fractions were active on all the isolates at concentrations >0.5 mg/mL. MICs of the crude extract and fractions ranged between 0.25 and >4 mg/mL, MBC ranged between 1 and >4 mg/mL and MFC ranged between 0.5 and >4 mg/mL. The MBC/MIC ratio was >4 for dichloromethane fractions against S. aureus (ratio 8) and MFC/MIC ratio ethylacetate fraction against the fungi isolates (ratio 8). The time-kill kinetics study showed dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions to be bactericidal with zero viable count at 4 - 6hours against the isolates. The crude extract displayed moderate antioxidant with weak DPPH radical scavenging activity. The GC-MS analysis showed 29 metabolites including the phenols and polyphenols derivatives, eucalyptol, levomenthol, benzofuranone derivative, diethyl phthalate, neophytadiene, 1-Docosene, 17-Pentatriacontene, Phytol, Thunbergol and esters of decanoic acid derivatives all of which are known to have anti-infective and anti-oxidant properties.Conclusion: This study therefore confirmed the ethno-medicinal claim of S. dasyphyllum and thus elucidates the potentials of the plant as a good source of bioactive compounds including those with strong anti-infective and antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Perovskia Abrotanoides on Neuronal Density of Rats under Chronic Immobility Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Tehranipour ◽  
Rahele Pakjame ◽  
Saiede Zafar Balanezhad
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Neuronal Density ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: The number of neurons in the hippocampus can have a direct effect on its function. The plant Brazembel from the mint family may have antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of stress and Brazmble extract on neuronal density of CA1, CA2 in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n=5), including control, and negative control under stress, also experimental group,including stress and get Brazmbl doses of the extract mL 50, mL 75 and mL 100. Limiting stress for 21 days, the rats were exposed in 2 hours. Groups receiving the extract for 21 days, to get inside limiting extracts were gavaged. After removal of the brain by perfusion, the hippocampus was excised and stained, and the neuronal density was calculated by dissector and metasteriology. The results were analyzed by Minitab 16 software with t-test and ANOVA at a significant level (P <0.05). Results: Statistical analysis of the data showed that the mean neuronal density in the stress group compared to the control in CA1 and CA2 had a significant decrease (p <0.01). The mean neuronal density of CA1 region between the stress group (29 ± 3) and hydroalcoholic treatment at 50 mg / kg (25 ± 3) showed a significant increase. In addition, the mean neuronal density in the stress group with 75 mg / kg extract (27±3) and in the group treated with hydroalcoholic extract was 100 mg / kg (25 ± 3). Mean neuronal density of CA2 region between the stress (21 ± 3) and hydroalcoholic treatment at 50 mg / kg (28 ± 3) groups showed a significant increase (p <0.01). The mean neuronal density in the stress group with 75 mg / kg extract was 27 ± 3 and in the hydroalcoholic extract treatment group was 100 mg / kg (22 ± 3), which increased significantly compared to the stress group (p <0.01). Conclusion: The results of the current study show that the hydroalcoholic extract of plant Bromzebel probably increases the neuronal density of the brain hippocampus due to its polyphenolic substances such as flavonoids, which is due to its high antioxidant properties.

Abstract WMP45: Manipulation of the Microbiome Improves Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Jandzinski ◽  
Venugopal Venna ◽  
Anjali Chauhan ◽  
Joerg Graf ◽  
Louise D McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Inflammatory Milieu ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
The Brain

Background: Circulating inflammatory markers increase with age. This pro-inflammatory milieu makes the organism less capable of coping with stressors such as stroke. Age related inflammation occurs in both the brain and peripheral tissues like the gastro-intestinal tract. There is increasing recognition that commensal bacteria in the GI tract are altered with age or with germ-free housing, affecting the brain. The change occurs most notably in the ratio of two major phyla of the microbiome, the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes . Young age is associated with a low ratio of the two but this ratio increases with age, which has been linked to many diseases including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes which are major risk factors for stroke. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that there would be age-related differences in the microbiome, and that restoration of a young microbiome would improve functional recovery in aged mice. Methods: Fecal transplants from young and aged donors were administered to recipient animals after suppression of endogenous microbial compositions through concentrated Streptomycin. This allowed for successful colonization of the gut with the newly transplanted microbiome. A transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used in young (3-4 month) and aged (18-20 month) male mice 4 weeks after transplant. Functional recovery was assessed by neurological deficit scores, the hang wire test, and open field activity. The Y-maze was used to assess cognitive impairment. Results: We successfully reversed the microbiomes of aged organisms and gave young animals “aged” biomes. Animals with “aged” microbiomes prior to stroke had worsened functional recovery based on all behavioral tests. The “aged” biome increased mortality rates most notably in the young recipients which had over 50% mortality. Aged mice had significantly improved functional recovery as assessed by the HW test ( P < 0.05 ) and NDS after reconstitution of “young” microbiome prior to stroke compared to aged control animals with the normal “aged” microbiomes. Conclusion: Aged mice have high Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes relative abundances. Manipulation of the microbiome in young and aged mice is possible. Restoration of a youthful biome improved functional recovery in aged mice.

scholarly journals Cerebral Mitochondrial Function and Cognitive Performance during Aging: A Longitudinal Study in NMRI Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Reutzel ◽  
Rekha Grewal ◽  
Benjamin Dilberger ◽  
Carmina Silaidos ◽  
Aljoscha Joppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Nmri Mice ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
The Brain

Brain aging is one of the major risk factors for the development of several neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in processes of both, brain aging and neurodegeneration. Aged mice including NMRI mice are established model organisms to study physiological and molecular mechanisms of brain aging. However, longitudinal data evaluated in one cohort are rare but are important to understand the aging process of the brain throughout life, especially since pathological changes early in life might pave the way to neurodegeneration in advanced age. To assess the longitudinal course of brain aging, we used a cohort of female NMRI mice and measured brain mitochondrial function, cognitive performance, and molecular markers every 6 months until mice reached the age of 24 months. Furthermore, we measured citrate synthase activity and respiration of isolated brain mitochondria. Mice at the age of three months served as young controls. At six months of age, mitochondria-related genes (complex IV, creb-1, β-AMPK, and Tfam) were significantly elevated. Brain ATP levels were significantly reduced at an age of 18 months while mitochondria respiration was already reduced in middle-aged mice which is in accordance with the monitored impairments in cognitive tests. mRNA expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (creb-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (Nrf-1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), and synaptophysin 1 (SYP1)) and the antioxidative defense system (catalase (Cat) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)) was measured and showed significantly decreased expression patterns in the brain starting at an age of 18 months. BDNF expression reached, a maximum after 6 months. On the basis of longitudinal data, our results demonstrate a close connection between the age-related decline of cognitive performance, energy metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis during the physiological brain aging process.

Phenolic profile and antioxidant properties of a crude extract obtained from a brewery waste stream

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letricia Barbosa-Pereira ◽  
Inmaculada Angulo ◽  
Perfecto Paseiro-Losada ◽  
José Manuel Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Phenolic Profile

scholarly journals Antioxidant Properties of Crude Extract, Partition Extract, and Fermented Medium of Dendrobium sabin Flower

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahziela Abu ◽  
Che Norma Mat Taib ◽  
Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas ◽  
Sobri Mohd Akhir
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Antioxidant properties of crude extract, partition extract, and fermented medium from Dendrobium sabin (DS) flower were investigated. The oven-dried DS flower was extracted using 100% methanol (w/v), 100% ethanol (w/v), and 100% water (w/v). The 100% methanolic crude extract showed the highest total phenolic content (40.33 ± mg GAE/g extract) and the best antioxidant properties as shown by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. A correlation relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content showed that phenolic compounds were the dominant antioxidant components in this flower extract. The microbial fermentation on DS flower medium showed a potential in increasing the phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity. The TPC of final fermented medium showed approximately 18% increment, while the DPPH of fermented medium increased significantly to approximately 80% at the end of the fermentation. Dendrobium sabin (DS) flower showed very good potential properties of antioxidant in crude extract and partition extract as well as better antioxidant activity in the flower fermented medium.

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