scholarly journals Ultrastructural Localization of Polygalacturonase in Ethylene-Stimulated Abscission of Tomato Pedicel Explants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Fang Qi ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Wei-Zhi Chen ◽  
Tian-lai Li
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Immunogold Staining ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Pedicel Explants

Polygalacturonase (PG) is crucial in plant organ abscission process. This paper investigated the cellular and subcellular localization of PG in ethylene-stimulated abscission of tomato pedicel explants. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of abscission zone sections with the fluorescent probe Cy3 revealed that PG was initially accumulated in parenchyma cells in cortical and vascular tissues after 8 h of ethylene treatment and then extended throughout the abscission zone when the abscission zone separated at 24 h after ethylene treatment. At the subcellular level, transmission electron microscopy with immunogold staining showed that PG showed abundant accumulation in the cortical and vascular tissues at 8 h after ethylene treatment, and the distribution area extended to the central parenchyma cells at 16 h after ethylene treatment. In addition, PGs were observed in the distal and proximal parts of the tomato pedicel explants throughout the abscission process. The results provided a visualized distribution of PG in the pedicel abscission zone and proved that PG was closely related to abscission.

Sterols and lignin in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. wood: Spatial distribution and fungal removal as revealed by microscopy and chemical analyses

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Speranza ◽  
Ana Gutiérrez ◽  
José Carlos del Río ◽  
Lina Bettucci ◽  
Ángel T. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells

AbstractWood decay experiments were carried out aiming at the selective removal of lipophilic compounds with selected basidiomycetes isolated fromEucalyptus globulusplantations in Uruguay:Dendrophora albobadia,Lentinus tigrinus,Peniophora cinerea,Peniophora lycii, andPhanerochaete crassa. Localization and composition of lipophilic compounds and lignin ofE. globuluswere determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy using filipin staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Free and esterified sterols, mainly sitosterol, were the predominant lipophilic compounds in the control wood. Sterols were present in ray parenchyma cells, together with polyphenols, and in vessels. This confirms earlier observations indicating that these cell types are the principal source of lipophilic extractives involved in pitch problems during pulping and bleaching. Sterols are also present in the vestures of fiber and vessel pits. Different fungal degradation patterns ofE. globuluswood were determined.P. lyciishowed the highest specificity for lignin degradation during short incubation time together with considerable sterol removal capacity. Ray parenchyma cells and their lumen deposits were strongly degraded byP. lycii. Eucalypt lignin located in vessel walls and fiber cell corners was more resistant to fungal attack, as revealed by CLSM. The initial decay stage ofL. tigrinuswas restricted to vessels and tyloses where the sterol compounds were removed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Prototype for Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Hee Su Lee ◽  
Junsik Kim ◽  
Eun Ji Lee ◽  
Soo Jin Park ◽  
Jaehee Mun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Depth Of Penetration

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) has been suggested as an alternative option for treating peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Even with its clinical advantages, the current PIPAC system still suffers from limitations regarding drug distribution area and penetration depth. Thus, we evaluated the new PIPAC system using a novel prototype, and compared its performance to the results from previous studies related with the current MIP® indirectly because the system is currently not available for purchase in the market. The developed prototype includes a syringe pump, a nozzle, and controllers. Drug distribution was conducted using a methylene blue solution for performance test. For penetration depth evaluation, an ex-vivo experiment was performed with porcine tissues in a 3.5 L plastic box. Doxorubicin was sprayed using the novel prototype, and its penetration depth was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The experiment was repeated with varying nozzle levels from the bottom. The novel prototype sprays approximately 30 μm drug droplets at a flow rate of 30 mL/min with 7 bars of pressure. The average diameter of sprayed region with concentrated dye was 18.5 ± 1.2 cm, which was comparable to that of the current MIP® (about 10 cm). The depth of concentrated diffusion (DCD) did not differ among varying nozzle levels, whereas the depth of maximal diffusion (DMD) decreased with increasing distance between the prototype and the bottom (mean values, 515.3 μm at 2 cm; 437.6 μm at 4 cm; 363.2 μm at 8 cm), which was comparable to those of the current MIP® (about 350–500 μm). We developed a novel prototype that generate small droplets for drug aerosolization and that have a comparably wide sprayed area and depth of penetration to the current MIP® at a lower pressure.

scholarly journals Breaking dogmas: the plant vascular pathogen Xanthomonas albilineans is able to invade non-vascular tissues despite its reduced genome

Open Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 130116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imène Mensi ◽  
Marie-Stéphanie Vernerey ◽  
Daniel Gargani ◽  
Michel Nicole ◽  
Philippe Rott
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Xanthomonas Albilineans

Xanthomonas albilineans , the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald, is missing the Hrp type III secretion system that is used by many Gram-negative bacteria to colonize their host. Until now, this pathogen was considered as strictly limited to the xylem of sugarcane. We used confocal laser scanning microscopy, immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the localization of X. albilineans in diseased sugarcane. Sugarcane plants were inoculated with strains of the pathogen labelled with a green fluorescent protein. Confocal microscopy observations of symptomatic leaves confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the protoxylem and metaxylem; however, X. albilineans was also observed in phloem, parenchyma and bulliform cells of the infected leaves. Similarly, vascular bundles of infected sugarcane stalks were invaded by X. albilineans . Surprisingly, the pathogen was also observed in apparently intact storage cells of the stalk and in intercellular spaces between these cells. Most of these observations made by confocal microscopy were confirmed by TEM. The pathogen exits the xylem following cell wall and middle lamellae degradation, thus creating openings to reach parenchyma cells. This is the first description of a plant pathogenic vascular bacterium invading apparently intact non-vascular plant tissues and multiplying in parenchyma cells.

3-D imaging of cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope and digital image processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Jovin ◽  
Michel Robert-Nicoud ◽  
Donna J. Arndt-Jovin ◽  
Thorsten Schormann
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Light microscopic techniques for visualizing biomolecules and biochemical processes in situ have become indispensable in studies concerning the structural organization of supramolecular assemblies in cells and of processes during the cell cycle, transformation, differentiation, and development. Confocal laser scanning microscopy offers a number of advantages for the in situ localization and quantitation of fluorescence labeled targets and probes: (i) rejection of interfering signals emanating from out-of-focus and adjacent structures, allowing the “optical sectioning” of the specimen and 3-D reconstruction without time consuming deconvolution; (ii) increased spatial resolution; (iii) electronic control of contrast and magnification; (iv) simultanous imaging of the specimen by optical phenomena based on incident, scattered, emitted, and transmitted light; and (v) simultanous use of different fluorescent probes and types of detectors.We currently use a confocal laser scanning microscope CLSM (Zeiss, Oberkochen) equipped with 3-laser excitation (u.v - visible) and confocal optics in the fluorescence mode, as well as a computer-controlled X-Y-Z scanning stage with 0.1 μ resolution.

Vacuoles Induced in Mammalian Cells by Helicobacter Cytotoxin are Acidic Organelles

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
M. H. Chestnut ◽  
C. E. Catrenich
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Gastroduodenal Disease ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive, Gram-negative spiral bacterium first identified in 1983, and subsequently implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease including gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Cytotoxic activity, manifested by intracytoplasmic vacuolation of mammalian cells in vitro, was identified in 55% of H. pylori strains examined. The vacuoles increase in number and size during extended incubation, resulting in vacuolar and cellular degeneration after 24 h to 48 h. Vacuolation of gastric epithelial cells is also observed in vivo during infection by H. pylori. A high molecular weight, heat labile protein is believed to be responsible for vacuolation and to significantly contribute to the development of gastroduodenal disease in humans. The mechanism by which the cytotoxin exerts its effect is unknown, as is the intracellular origin of the vacuolar membrane and contents. Acridine orange is a membrane-permeant weak base that initially accumulates in low-pH compartments. We have used acridine orange accumulation in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy of toxin-treated cells to begin probing the nature and origin of these vacuoles.

Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy and a computer model to understand ink cavitation and filamentation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
HANNA KOIVULA ◽  
DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD ◽  
MARTTI TOIVAKKA
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Printing Speed

In the offset printing process, ink film splitting has an important impact on formation of ink filaments. The filament size and its distribution influence the leveling of ink and hence affect ink setting and the print quality. However, ink filaments are difficult to image due to their short lifetime and fine length scale. Due to this difficulty, limited work has been reported on the parameters that influence filament size and methods to characterize it. We imaged ink filament remains and quantified some of their characteristics by changing printing speed, ink amount, and fountain solution type. Printed samples were prepared using a laboratory printability tester with varying ink levels and operating settings. Rhodamine B dye was incorporated into fountain solutions to aid in the detection of the filaments. The prints were then imaged with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and images were further analyzed for their surface topography. Modeling of the pressure pulses in the printing nip was included to better understand the mechanism of filament formation and the origin of filament length scale. Printing speed and ink amount changed the size distribution of the observed filament remains. There was no significant difference between fountain solutions with or without isopropyl alcohol on the observed patterns of the filament remains.

ACTIVATED SLUDGE FLOC CHARACTERIZATION BY CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Szilveszter ◽  
Botond Raduly ◽  
Szilard Bucs ◽  
Beata Abraham ◽  
Szabolcs Lanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser

Cuticular structures in the copulatory apparatus of Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
E.V. Soldatenko ◽  
A.A. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Copulatory Apparatus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cuticular Structures

The morphology of the copulatory apparatus and associated cuticular structures in Planorbis planorbis was studied by light microscopy, SEM, TEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The significance of these cuticular structures for the taxonomic status of the species and for the systematics of the family Planorbidae in general is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document