scholarly journals Contribution of Crk Adaptor Proteins to Host Cell and Bacteria Interactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narcisa Martinez-Quiles ◽  
Leigh Ann Feuerbacher ◽  
María Benito-León ◽  
Philip R. Hardwidge
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Adaptor Proteins ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alternatively Spliced ◽  
And Function

The Crk adaptor family of proteins comprises the alternatively spliced CrkI and CrkII isoforms, as well as the paralog Crk-like (CrkL) protein, which is encoded by a different gene. Initially thought to be involved in signaling during apoptosis and cell adhesion, this ubiquitously expressed family of proteins is now known to play essential roles in integrating signals from a wide range of stimuli. In this review, we describe the structure and function of the different Crk proteins. We then focus on the emerging roles of Crk adaptors during Enterobacteriaceae pathogenesis, with special emphasis on the important human pathogensSalmonella,Shigella,Yersinia, and enteropathogenicEscherichia coli. Throughout, we remark on opportunities for future research into this intriguing family of proteins.

scholarly journals Micro-analysis of pure deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase from Escherichia coli. Action of heparin and rifampicin on structure and function

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Neuhoff ◽  
Wolf-Bernhard Schill ◽  
Hans Sternbach
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanism ◽  
And Function ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
Template Complex

By using micro disc electrophoresis and micro-diffusion techniques, the interaction of pure DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) from Escherichia coli with the template, the substrates and the inhibitors heparin and rifampicin was investigated. The following findings were obtained: (1) heparin converts the 24S and 18S particles of the polymerase into the 13S form; (2) heparin inhibits RNA synthesis by dissociating the enzyme–template complex; (3) rifampicin does not affect the attachment of heparin to the enzyme; (4) the substrates ATP and UTP are bound by enzyme loaded with rifampicin; (5) rifampicin is bound by an enzyme–template complex to the same extent as by an RNA-synthesizing enzyme–template complex. From this it is concluded that the mechanism of the inhibition of RNA synthesis by rifampicin is radically different from that by heparin. As a working hypothesis to explain the inhibitory mechanism of rifampicin, it is assumed that it becomes very firmly attached to a position close to the synthesizing site and only blocks this when no synthesis is in progress.

scholarly journals Influence of High Pressure on the Dimerization of ToxR, a Protein Involved in Bacterial Signal Transduction

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (24) ◽  
pp. 7821-7823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Linke ◽  
Nagarajan Periasamy ◽  
Matthias Ehrmann ◽  
Roland Winter ◽  
Rudi F. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Transmembrane Segments ◽  
Bacterial Signal Transduction ◽  
Reporter Strains ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is suggested to influence the structure and function of membranes and/or integrated proteins. We demonstrate for the first time HHP-induced dimer dissociation of membrane proteins in vivo with Vibrio cholerae ToxR variants in Escherichia coli reporter strains carrying ctx::lacZ fusions. Dimerization ceased at 20 to 50 MPa depending on the nature of the transmembrane segments rather than on changes in the ToxR lipid bilayer environment.

scholarly journals The mannose transporter of Escherichia coli. Structure and function of the IIABMan subunit.

1993 ◽  
Vol 268 (36) ◽  
pp. 27094-27099
Author(s):  
B Stolz ◽  
M Huber ◽  
Z Marković-Housley ◽  
B Erni
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Campylobacter jejuni Triggers Signaling through Host Cell Focal Adhesions To Inhibit Cell Motility

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney M. Klappenbach ◽  
Nicholas M. Negretti ◽  
Jesse Aaron ◽  
Teng-Leong Chew ◽  
Michael E. Konkel
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Motility ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Function

Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen that causes severe gastritis. We investigated the dynamics of focal adhesion structure and function in C. jejuni -infected epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Using Tertiary Sulci to Map the “Cognitive Globe” of Prefrontal Cortex

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Miller ◽  
Mark D'Esposito ◽  
Kevin S. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
And Function

Stuss considered the human prefrontal cortex (pFC) as a “cognitive globe” [Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 3–28, 1984] on which functions of the frontal lobe could be mapped. Here, we discuss classic and recent findings regarding the evolution, development, function, and cognitive role of shallow indentations or tertiary sulci in pFC, with the goal of using tertiary sulci to map the “cognitive globe” of pFC. First, we discuss lateral pFC (LPFC) tertiary sulci in classical anatomy and modern neuroimaging, as well as their development, with a focus on those within the middle frontal gyrus. Second, we discuss tertiary sulci in comparative neuroanatomy, focusing on primates. Third, we summarize recent findings showing the utility of tertiary sulci for understanding structural–functional relationships with functional network insights in ventromedial pFC and LPFC. Fourth, we revisit and update unresolved theoretical perspectives considered by C. Vogt and O. Vogt (Allgemeinere ergebnisse unserer hirnforschung. Journal für Psychologie und Neurologie, 25, 279–462, 1919) and F. Sanides (Structure and function of the human frontal lobe. Neuropsychologia, 2, 209–219, 1964) that tertiary sulci serve as landmarks for cortical gradients. Together, the consideration of these classic and recent findings indicate that tertiary sulci are situated in a unique position within the complexity of the “cognitive globe” of pFC: They are the smallest and shallowest of sulci in pFC, yet can offer insights that bridge spatial scales (microns to networks), modalities (functional connectivity to behavior), and species. As such, the map of tertiary sulci within each individual participant serves as a coordinate system specific to that individual on which functions may be further mapped. We conclude with new theoretical and methodological questions that, if answered in future research, will likely lead to mechanistic insight regarding the structure and function of human LPFC.

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