scholarly journals Application of Nanoscaffolds in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Ghoraishizadeh ◽  
Afsoon Ghorishizadeh ◽  
Peyman Ghoraishizadeh ◽  
Nasibeh Daneshvar ◽  
Mohadese Hashem Boroojerdi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Essential Components

Regenerative medicine is an alternative solution for organ transplantation. Stem cells and nanoscaffolds are two essential components in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as primary adult stem cells with high proliferation capacity, wide differentiation potential, and immunosuppression properties which make them unique for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Scaffolds are engineered nanofibers that provide suitable microenvironment for cell signalling which has a great influence on cell proliferation, differentiation, and biology. Recently, application of scaffolds and MSCs is being utilized in obtaining more homogenous population of MSCs with higher cell proliferation rate and greater differentiation potential, which are crucial factors in regenerative medicine. In this review, the definition, biology, source, characterization, and isolation of MSCs and current report of application of nanofibers in regenerative medicine in different lesions are discussed.

scholarly journals Sources and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Berebichez-Fridman ◽  
Pablo R. Montero-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

First discovered by Friedenstein in 1976, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found throughout the body that share a fixed set of characteristics. Discovered initially in the bone marrow, this cell source is considered the gold standard for clinical research, although various other sources—including adipose tissue, dental pulp, mobilised peripheral blood and birth-derived tissues—have since been identified. Although similar, MSCs derived from different sources possess distinct characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, including their differentiation potential and proliferation capacity, which influence their applicability. Hence, they may be used for specific clinical applications in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This review article summarises current knowledge regarding the various sources, characteristics and therapeutic applications of MSCs.Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Adult Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine; Cell Differentiation; Tissue Engineering.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as an Emerging Paradigm for Regenerative Therapy and Nano-Medicine: A Comprehensive Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Biswajit Panda ◽  
Yashvi Sharma ◽  
Suchi Gupta ◽  
Sujata Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Nano Medicine

Mesenchymal Stem Cells are potent therapeutic candidates in the field of regenerative medicine, owing to their immunomodulatory and differentiation potential. However, several complications come with their translational application like viability, duration, and degree of expansion, long-term storage, and high maintenance cost. Therefore, drawbacks of cell-based therapy can be overcome by a novel therapeutic modality emerging in translational research and application, i.e., exosomes. These small vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells are emerging as new avenues in the field of nano-medicine. These nano-vesicles have caught the attention of researchers with their potency as regenerative medicine both in nanotherapeutics and drug delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge in the biology and handling of exosomes, with their limitations and future applications. Additionally, we highlight current perspectives that primarily focus on their effect on various diseases and their potential as a drug delivery vehicle.

scholarly journals Fundamentals of Stem Cells: Why and How Patients' Own Adult Stem Cells Are the Next Generation of Medicine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckhard U. Alt ◽  
Christoph Schmitz ◽  
Xiaowen Bai
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Resident Stem Cells ◽  
New Generation

Various tissue resident stem cells are receiving attention from basic scientists and clinicians as they hold certain promise for regenerative medicine. This paper is intended to clarify and facilitate the understanding, development and adoption of regenerative medicine in general and specifically of therapies based on unmodified, autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs). To this end, results of landmark experiments on stem cells and stem cell therapy performed in the labs of the authors are summarized, the most intriguing of which are the following: (i) vascular associated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from different organs (adipose tissue, heart, skin, bone marrow and skeletal muscle) and differentiated into ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, providing significant support for the hypothesis of the existence of a small, ubiquitously distributed, universal vascular associated stem cell with full pluripotency; (ii) the orientation and differentiation of MSCs are driven by signals of the respective microenvironment; and (iii) these stem cells irrespective of the tissue origin exhibit full pluripotent differentiation potential without any prior genetic modification or the need for culturing. They can be obtained from a small amount of adipose tissue when using the appropriate technology for isolating the cells, and can be harvested from and re-applied to the same patient at the point of care without the need for complicated processing, manipulation, culturing, expensive equipment, or repeat interventions. These findings demonstrate the potential of UA-ADRCs for triggering the development of an entire new generation of medicine for the benefit of patients and of healthcare systems.

Importance of Stem Cell Migration and Angiogenesis Study for Regenerative Cell-based Therapy: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-299
Author(s):  
Nur S. Aziz ◽  
Norhayati Yusop ◽  
Azlina Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Stem cells play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis, as well as participating in new tissue regeneration. Over the past 20 years, a great deal of effort has been made to investigate the behaviour of stem cells to enable their potential use in regenerative medicine. However, a variety of biological characteristics are known to exist among the different types of stem cells due to variations in the methodological approach, formulation of cell culture medium, isolation protocol and cellular niches, as well as species variation. In recent years, cell-based therapy has emerged as one of the advanced techniques applied in both medical and clinical settings. Cell therapies aim to treat and repair the injury sites and replace the loss of tissues by stimulating the repair and regeneration process. In order to enable the use of stem cells in regenerative therapies, further characterisation of cell behaviour, in terms of their proliferation and differentiation capacity, mainly during the quiescent and inductive state is regarded as highly necessary. The central focus of regenerative medicine revolves around the use of human cells, including adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for cell-based therapy. The purpose of this review was to examine the existing body of literature on stem cell research conducted on cellular angiogenesis and migration, to investigate the validity of different strategies and variations of the cell type used. The information gathered within this review may then be shared with fellow researchers to assist in future research work, engaging in stem cell homing for cell-based therapy to enhance wound healing and tissue regeneration process.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation Increases Availability and Usability of Ovine Adipose-tissue Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine Search

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Ionela Movileanu ◽  
Klara Brinzaniuc ◽  
Marius M. Harpa ◽  
Ovidiu S. Cotoi ◽  
Terezia Preda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Minimal Cell ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Preservation Method

Aim: Our long-term aim is to develop a living valvular substitute using Regenerative Medicine principles, by seeding decellularized porcine heart valve scaffolds with adult stem cells and conditioning them in bioreactors before implantation. In this study, adult stem cells were isolated from sheep adipose tissue (ADSCs). However, we found it impractical to use cells immediately after propagation and thus, in order to extend their availability in time, a preservation method was needed. Methods: Adipose tissue was harvested from 6 sheep. ADSCs were isolated using enzymatic agents and cultured. The cells were tested for plasticity using chondrogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation kits and then cryopreserved in DMSO at -1400C. Viability was tested after a 3 week storage using Trypan Blue Staining. Results: Ovine ADSCs exhibited excellent plasticity and differentiation potential. An average of 18 million ADSCs were obtained from each ovine, exhibiting more than 88% viability after a 3-week cryopreservation period followed by thawing. Conclusions: DSMO cryopreservation represents a suitable method for ovine ADSCs for regenerative medicine. This method expands the usage of stem cells in vitro before they are differentiated into more specialized cells, offering large numbers of usable ADSCs with minimal cell loss at any desired time point.

Therapeutic Potential of Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based on their Differentiation Capacity and Immunomodulatory Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl R. Harrell ◽  
Marina Gazdic ◽  
Crissy Fellabaum ◽  
Nemanja Jovicic ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Differentiation Capacity ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Background: Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AF-MSCs) are adult, fibroblast- like, self-renewable, multipotent stem cells. During the last decade, the therapeutic potential of AF-MSCs, based on their huge differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory characteristics, has been extensively explored in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Objective: In order to describe molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of AFMSCs, we summarized current knowledge about phenotype, differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties of AF-MSCs. Methods: An extensive literature review was carried out in March 2018 across several databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar), from 1990 to present. Keywords used in the selection were: “amniotic fluid derived mesenchymal stem cells”, “cell-therapy”, “degenerative diseases”, “inflammatory diseases”, “regeneration”, “immunosuppression”. Studies that emphasized molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for AF-MSC-based therapy were analyzed in this review. Results: AF-MSCs have huge differentiation and immunosuppressive potential. AF-MSCs are capable of generating cells of mesodermal origin (chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes), neural cells, hepatocytes, alveolar epithelial cells, insulin-producing cells, cardiomyocytes and germ cells. AF-MSCs, in juxtacrine or paracrine manner, regulate proliferation, activation and effector function of immune cells. Due to their huge differentiation capacity and immunosuppressive characteristic, transplantation of AFMSCs showed beneficent effects in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of nervous, respiratory, urogenital, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system. Conclusion: Considering the fact that amniotic fluid is obtained through routine prenatal diagnosis, with minimal invasive procedure and without ethical concerns, AF-MSCs represents a valuable source for cell-based therapy of organ-specific or systemic degenerative and inflammatory diseases.

Mini Review; Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Oocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaifang Wang ◽  
Maryam Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Oocyte ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is one of the main diseases causing female infertility that occurs in about 1% of women between 30-40 years of age. There are few effective methods for the treatment of women with POI. In the past few years, stem cell-based therapy as one of the most highly investigated new therapies has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of POI. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into any type of cell. Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) as a type of pluripotent stem cells are the most powerful candidate for the treatment of POI. Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) are derived from adult somatic cells by the treatment with exogenous defined factors to create an embryonic-like pluripotent state. Both hiPSCs and hESCs can proliferate and give rise to ectodermal, mesodermal, endodermal, and germ cell lineages. After ovarian stimulation, the number of available oocytes is limited and the yield of total oocytes with high quality is low. Therefore, a robust and reproducible in-vitro culture system that supports the differentiation of human oocytes from PSCs is necessary. Very few studies have focused on the derivation of oocyte-like cells from hiPSCs and the details of hPSCs differentiation into oocytes have not been fully investigated. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the differentiation potential of hPSCs into human oocyte-like cells.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Focus on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Teven ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Ning Hu ◽  
Ni Tang ◽  
Stephanie H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Msc Differentiation

Stem cells are characterized by their capability to self-renew and terminally differentiate into multiple cell types. Somatic or adult stem cells have a finite self-renewal capacity and are lineage-restricted. The use of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes has been a topic of recent interest given the ethical considerations associated with embryonic stem (ES) cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, or myogenic lineages. Owing to their ease of isolation and unique characteristics, MSCs have been widely regarded as potential candidates for tissue engineering and repair. While various signaling molecules important to MSC differentiation have been identified, our complete understanding of this process is lacking. Recent investigations focused on the role of epigenetic regulation in lineage-specific differentiation of MSCs have shown that unique patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications play an important role in the induction of MSC differentiation toward specific lineages. Nevertheless, MSC epigenetic profiles reflect a more restricted differentiation potential as compared to ES cells. Here we review the effect of epigenetic modifications on MSC multipotency and differentiation, with a focus on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. We also highlight clinical applications of MSC epigenetics and nuclear reprogramming.

scholarly journals Human Adult Stem Cells Maintain a Constant Phenotype Profile Irrespective of Their Origin, Basal Media, and Long Term Cultures

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indumathi Somasundaram ◽  
Rashmi Mishra ◽  
Harikrishnan Radhakrishnan ◽  
Rajkumar Sankaran ◽  
Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Human Adult ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Basal Media

The study aims to identify the phenotypic marker expressions of different human adult stem cells derived from, namely, bone marrow, subcutaneous fat, and omentum fat, cultured in different media, namely, DMEM-Low Glucose, Alpha-MEM, DMEM-F12 and DMEM-KO and under long term culture conditions (>P20). We characterized immunophenotype by using various hematopoietic, mesenchymal, endothelial markers, and cell adhesion molecules in the long term cultures (Passages-P1, P3, P5, P9, P12, P15, and P20.) Interestingly, data revealed similar marker expression profiles irrespective of source, basal media, and extensive culturing. This demonstrates that all adult stem cell sources mentioned in this study share similar phenotypic marker and all media seem appropriate for culturing these sources. However, a disparity was observed in the markers such as CD49d, CD54, CD117, CD29, and CD106, thereby warranting further research on these markers. Besides the aforesaid objective, it is understood from the study that immunophenotyping acts as a valuable tool to identify inherent property of each cell, thereby leading to a valuable cell based therapy.

scholarly journals YAP Promotes Cell Proliferation and Stemness Maintenance of Porcine Muscle Stem Cells under High-Density Condition

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3069
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Ling Lin ◽  
Haozhe Zhu ◽  
Zhongyuan Wu ◽  
Xi Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Density ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Density Condition ◽  
High Density Culture ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Muscle Stem Cells ◽  
Cultured Meat

Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) isolated ex vivo are essential original cells to produce cultured meat. Currently, one of the main obstacles for cultured meat production derives from the limited capacity of large-scale amplification of MuSCs, especially under high-density culture condition. Here, we show that at higher cell densities, proliferation and differentiation capacities of porcine MuSCs are impaired. We investigate the roles of Hippo-YAP signaling, which is important regulators in response to cell contact inhibition. Interestingly, abundant but not functional YAP proteins are accumulated in MuSCs seeded at high density. When treated with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), the activator of YAP, porcine MuSCs exhibit increased proliferation and elevated differentiation potential compared with control cells. Moreover, constitutively active YAP with deactivated phosphorylation sites, but not intact YAP, promotes cell proliferation and stemness maintenance of MuSCs. Together, we reveal a potential molecular target that enables massive MuSCs expansion for large-scale cultured meat production under high-density condition.

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