scholarly journals Acute Ethanol-Induced Changes in Edema and Metabolite Concentrations in Rat Brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Liu ◽  
Wenbin Zheng ◽  
Gen Yan ◽  
Baoguo Liu ◽  
Lingmei Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cytotoxic Edema ◽  
Acute Ethanol ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Cerebral Metabolites

The aim of this study is to describe the acute effects of EtOH on brain edema and cerebral metabolites, using diffusion weight imaging (DWI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at a 7.0T MR and to define changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and the concentration of metabolites in the rat brain after acute EtOH intoxication. ADC values in each ROI decreased significantly at 1 h and 3 h after ethanol administration. ADC values in frontal lobe were decreased significantly compared with other regions at 3 h. For EtOH/Cr+PCr and cerebral metabolites (Cho, Tau, and Glu) differing over time, no significant differences for Ins, NAA, and Cr were observed in frontal lobes. Regression analysis revealed a significant association between TSEtOH/Cr+PCrand TSCho, TSTau, TSGlu, and TSADC. The changes of ADC values in different brain regions reflect the process of the cytotoxic edema in vivo. The characterization of frontal lobes metabolites changes and the correlations between TSEtOH/Cr+PCrand TSCho, TSTau, and TSGluprovide a better understanding for the biological mechanisms in neurotoxic effects of EtOH on the brain. In addition, the correlations between TSEtOH/Cr+PCrand TSADCwill help us to understand development of the ethanol-induced brain cytotoxic edema.

scholarly journals Acute Ethanol Administration Rapidly Increases Phosphorylation of Conventional Protein Kinase C in Specific Mammalian Brain Regions in Vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1259-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Wilkie ◽  
Joyce Besheer ◽  
Stephen P. Kelley ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Todd K. O'Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Acute Ethanol

In vivo 2D J-resolved magnetic resonance spectroscopy of rat brain with a 3-T clinical human scanner

NeuroImage ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Adalsteinsson ◽  
R.E Hurd ◽  
D Mayer ◽  
N Sailasuta ◽  
E.V Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Region-specific elevations of glutamate + glutamine correlate with the sensory symptoms of autism spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. He ◽  
Georg Oeltzschner ◽  
Mark Mikkelsen ◽  
Alyssa Deronda ◽  
Ashley D. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Inhibitory Signaling

AbstractIndividuals on the autism spectrum are often reported as being hyper- and/or hyporeactive to sensory input. These sensory symptoms were one of the key observations that led to the development of the altered excitation-inhibition (E-I) model of autism, which posits that an increase ratio of excitatory to inhibitory signaling may explain certain phenotypical expressions of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While there has been strong support for the altered E-I model of autism, much of the evidence has come from animal models. With regard to in-vivo human studies, evidence for altered E-I balance in ASD come from studies adopting magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Spectral-edited MRS can be used to provide measures of the levels of GABA + (GABA + macromolecules) and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) in specific brain regions as proxy markers of inhibition and excitation respectively. In the current study, we found region-specific elevations of Glx in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) in ASD. There were no group differences of GABA+ in either the SM1 or thalamus. Higher levels of Glx were associated with more parent reported difficulties of sensory hyper- and hyporeactivity, as well as reduced feed-forward inhibition during tactile perception in children with ASD. Critically, the finding of elevated Glx provides strong empirical support for increased excitation in ASD. Our results also provide a clear link between Glx and the sensory symptoms of ASD at both behavioral and perceptual levels.

scholarly journals Focal changes in brain energy and phospholipid metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Jensen ◽  
Jodi Miller ◽  
Peter C. Williamson ◽  
Richard W J. Neufeld ◽  
Ravi S. Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Membrane Breakdown ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundMembrane phospholipid and high-energy abnormalities measured with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) have been reported in patients with schizophrenia in several brain regions.AimsUsing improved imaging techniques, previously inaccessible brain regions were examined in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and healthy volunteers with 4.0 T 31P-MRS.MethodBrain spectra were collected in vivo from 15 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 15 healthy volunteers from 15 cm3 effective voxels in the thalamus, cerebellum, hippocampus, anterior/posterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex and parieto-occipital cortex.ResultsPeople with first-episode schizophrenia showed increased levels of glycerophosphocholine in the anterior cingulate. Inorganic phosphate, phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate concentrations were also increased in the anterior cingulate in this group.ConclusionsThe increased phosphodiester and high-energy phosphate levels in the anterior cingulate of brains of people with first-episode schizophrenia may indicate neural overactivity in this region during the early stages of the illness, resulting in increased excitotoxic neural membrane breakdown.

Effect of acute ethanol administration on noradrenaline metabolism in brain regions of stressed and nonstressed rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirao Ishou ◽  
Tsuda Akira ◽  
Ida Yoshishige ◽  
Tsujimaru Shusaku ◽  
Satoh Hiromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Noradrenaline Metabolism ◽  
Acute Ethanol

scholarly journals Phenethylamines in brain and liver of rats with experimentally induced phenylketonuria-like characteristics

1973 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Edwards ◽  
Karl Blau
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Subcellular Fractions ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Blood Phenylalanine ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Experimentally Induced

1. Phenethylamines were extracted from brain and liver of rats with phenylketonuria-like characteristics produced in vivo by inhibition of phenylalanine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.3.1) with p-chlorophenylalanine, with or without phenylalanine administration. To protect amines against oxidation by monoamine oxidase, pargyline was also administered. 2. β-Phenethylamine was the major compound found in brain and liver. β-Phenethanolamine and octopamine were also present, in lesser amounts, and the concentrations of these three amines paralleled blood phenylalanine concentrations. By comparison, tissues from control animals had only very low concentrations of these amines. 3. Small amounts of normetadrenaline, m-tyramine and 3-methoxytyramine were also found. 4. The inhibitors used, p-chlorophenylalanine and pargyline, gave rise to p-chlorophenethylamine and benzylamine respectively, the first via decarboxylation, the second probably by breakdown during extraction. 5. Distribution of phenethylamines in different brain regions and in subcellular fractions of rat brain cells was also investigated. The content of phenethylamine was highest in the striatum. 6. These findings are discussed in the light of changes occurring in human patients with uncontrolled phenylketonuria.

scholarly journals Excitatory/inhibitory neuronal metabolic balance in mouse hippocampus upon infusion of [U-13C6]glucose

2020 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2091053
Author(s):  
Antoine Cherix ◽  
Guillaume Donati ◽  
Blanca Lizarbe ◽  
Bernard Lanz ◽  
Carole Poitry-Yamate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectral Fitting ◽  
Mouse Hippocampus ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Gabaergic Activity

Hippocampus plays a critical role in linking brain energetics and behavior typically associated to stress exposure. In this study, we aimed to simultaneously assess excitatory and inhibitory neuronal metabolism in mouse hippocampus in vivo by applying 18FDG-PET and indirect 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-[13C]-MRS) at 14.1 T upon infusion of uniformly 13C-labeled glucose ([U-13C6]Glc). Improving the spectral fitting by taking into account variable decoupling efficiencies of [U-13C6]Glc and refining the compartmentalized model by including two γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pools permit us to evaluate the relative contributions of glutamatergic and GABAergic metabolism to total hippocampal neuroenergetics. We report that GABAergic activity accounts for ∼13% of total neurotransmission (VNT) and ∼27% of total neuronal TCA cycle (VTCA) in mouse hippocampus suggesting a higher VTCA/VNT ratio for inhibitory neurons compared to excitatory neurons. Finally, our results provide new strategies and tools for bringing forward the developments and applications of 13C-MRS in specific brain regions of small animals.

scholarly journals Differential effects of acute ethanol administration on noradrenaline turnover in brain regions of stressed and non-stressed rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ishou Shirao ◽  
Masatoshi Tanaka ◽  
Akira Tsuda ◽  
Shusaku Tsujimaru ◽  
Hiromi Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Noradrenaline Turnover ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Acute Ethanol
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document