scholarly journals Relationship of the Lumbar Lordosis Angle to the Level of Termination of the Conus Medullaris and Thecal Sac

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Moussallem ◽  
H. El Masri ◽  
C. El-Yahchouchi ◽  
F. Abou Fakher ◽  
A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Vertebral Level ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Upper Third

The level of termination of the conus medullaris (CM) and thecal sac (TS) is subject to variations. We try to correlate in this study these variations with the lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) using MRI scans. A retrospective study was conducted using available MRI scans of the lumbar spine. The CM level of termination (CMLT) and the TS level of termination (TSLT) were identified according to a vertebral level after dividing it into 3 parts. The LLA was also identified for each individual. Linear regression models were fitted to the data available on 141 individuals. Of these 70 were males and 71 were females. The most common site of CMLT was at the upper third of L1 (32.6%) and that of the TSLT was at the middle third of S2 (29.8%). The mean LLA was 46° (20°–81°). The most proximal CMLT was at the upper third of T12, whereas the most distal one was at the upper third of L2. The most proximal TSLT was at the upper third of S1, whereas the most distal one was at S3-S4 disc space. The CMLT showed a positive correlation with the LLA. In conclusion the CMLT and TSLT may be related to variations of the LLA.

The Effects of Mean of Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure on Incident Brain Vascular Lesions and Functional-Cognitive Decline

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bibek Gyanwali ◽  
Celestine Xue Ting Cai ◽  
Christopher Chen ◽  
Henri Vrooman ◽  
Chuen Seng Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Intracranial Stenosis ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Volume Functional ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is an underlying cause of cognitive impairment and dementia. Hypertension is a known risk factor of CeVD, but the effects of mean of visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) on incident CeVD and functional-cognitive decline remains unclear. Objective: To determine the association between mean of visit-to-visit BP with the incidence and progression of CeVD [white matter hyperintensities (WMH), infarcts (cortical infarcts and lacunes), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), intracranial stenosis, and hippocampal volume] as well as functional-cognitive decline over 2 years of follow-up. Methods: 373 patients from a memory-clinic underwent BP measurements at baseline, year 1, and year 2. The mean of visit-to-visit systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure were calculated. Baseline and year 2 MRI scans were graded for WMH, infarcts, CMBs, intracranial stenosis, and hippocampal volume. Functional-cognitive decline was assessed using locally validated protocol. Logistic and linear regression models with odds ratios, mean difference, and 95%confidence interval were constructed to analyze associations of visit-to-visit BP on CeVD incidence and progression as well as functional-cognitive decline. Results: Higher mean of visit-to-visit diastolic BP was associated with WMH progression. Higher tertiles of diastolic BP was associated with WMH progression and incident CMBs. There was no association between mean of visit-to-visit BP measures with incident cerebral infarcts, intracranial stenosis, change in hippocampal volume, and functional-cognitive decline. Conclusion: These findings suggest the possibility of hypertension-related vascular brain damage. Careful monitoring and management of BP in elderly patients is essential to reduce the incidence and progression of CeVD.

scholarly journals Assessing Early Heterogeneity in Doubling Times of the COVID-19 Epidemic across Prefectures in Mainland China, January–February, 2020

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Chun-Hai Fung ◽  
Xiaolu Zhou ◽  
Chi-Ngai Cheung ◽  
Sylvia K. Ofori ◽  
Kamalich Muniz-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Case Count ◽  
Daily Time Series ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Doubling Times ◽  
Daily Time

To describe the geographical heterogeneity of COVID-19 across prefectures in mainland China, we estimated doubling times from daily time series of the cumulative case count between 24 January and 24 February 2020. We analyzed the prefecture-level COVID-19 case burden using linear regression models and used the local Moran’s I to test for spatial autocorrelation and clustering. Four hundred prefectures (~98% population) had at least one COVID-19 case and 39 prefectures had zero cases by 24 February 2020. Excluding Wuhan and those prefectures where there was only one case or none, 76 (17.3% of 439) prefectures had an arithmetic mean of the epidemic doubling time <2 d. Low-population prefectures had a higher per capita cumulative incidence than high-population prefectures during the study period. An increase in population size was associated with a very small reduction in the mean doubling time (−0.012, 95% CI, −0.017, −0.006) where the cumulative case count doubled ≥3 times. Spatial analysis revealed high case count clusters in Hubei and Heilongjiang and fast epidemic growth in several metropolitan areas by mid-February 2020. Prefectures in Hubei and neighboring provinces and several metropolitan areas in coastal and northeastern China experienced rapid growth with cumulative case count doubling multiple times with a small mean doubling time.

Abstract WMP14: Association of Systolic Blood Pressure, LDL Cholesterol, and Hgb A1c With White Matter Hyperintensity on MRI in the ACCORDION MIND Study

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam H de Havenon ◽  
Tanya Turan ◽  
Rebecca Gottesman ◽  
Sharon Yeatts ◽  
Shyam Prabhakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Vascular Risk Factor ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Risk Factor Profile ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: While retrospective studies have shown that poor control of vascular risk factors is associated with progression of white matter hyperintensity (WMH), it has not been studied prospectively. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) mean, LDL cholesterol, and Hgb A1c will be correlated with WMH progression in diabetics. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Memory in Diabetes (MIND) substudy of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-on Study (ACCORDION). The primary outcome was WMH progression, evaluated by fitting linear regression models to the WMH volume on the month 80 MRI and adjusting for the WMH volume on the baseline MRI. The primary predictors were the mean values of SBP, LDL, and A1c from baseline to month 80. We defined a good vascular risk factor profile as mean SBP <120 mm Hg and mean LDL <120 mg/dL. Results: We included 292 patients, with a mean (SD) age of 62.6 (5.3) years and 55.8% male. The mean number of SBP, LDL, and A1c measurements per patient was 17, 5, and 12. We identified 86 (29.4%) patients with good vascular risk factor profile. In the linear regression models, mean SBP and LDL were associated with WMH progression and in a second fully adjusted model they both remained associated with WMH progression (Table). Those with a good vascular risk factor profile had less WMH progression (β Coefficient -0.80, 95% CI -1.42, -0.18, p=0.012). Conclusions: Our data reinforce prior research showing that higher SBP and LDL is associated with progression of WMH in diabetics, likely secondary to chronic microvascular ischemia, and suggest that control of these factors may have protective effects. This study has unique strengths, including prospective serial measurement of the exposures, validated algorithmic measurement methodology for WMH, and rigorous adjudication of study data. Clinical trials are needed to investigate the effect of vascular risk factor reduction on WMH progression.

scholarly journals Temporal-Spatial Analysis of Traffic Congestion Based on Modified CTM

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglong Chu ◽  
Na Xie ◽  
Xiqun Chen ◽  
Yuxin Wu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Spatial Evolution ◽  
Cell Transmission Model ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Piecewise Linear Regression ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A modified cell transmission model (CTM) is proposed to depict the temporal-spatial evolution of traffic congestion on urban freeways. Specifically, drivers’ adaptive behaviors and the corresponding influence on traffic flows are emphasized. Two piecewise linear regression models are proposed to describe the relationship of flow and density (occupancy). Several types of cellular connections are designed to depict urban rapid roads with on/off-ramps and junctions. Based on the data collected on freeway of Queen Elizabeth, Ontario, Canada, we show that the new model provides a relatively higher accuracy of temporal-spatial evolution of traffic congestions.

scholarly journals Trends in the Cumulative Incidence of Vocational Rehabilitation Indicators in Brazil, 2007–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3952
Author(s):  
Cristiano Barreto de Miranda ◽  
João Silvestre Silva-Junior ◽  
Gisele Aparecida Fernandes ◽  
Frida Marina Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Disability Benefits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Mean

Vocational rehabilitation (VR) aims at improving work ability to facilitate workers’ return to work. VR is provided in Brazil by the public social security system. The aim of the present study was to analyze trends in VR indicators for Brazil from 2007 to 2016. Based on open-access, secondary aggregate data, we calculated the cumulative incidence of VR indicators. We fitted Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression models to estimate trends and calculated annual percent variation with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The mean cumulative incidence of referrals to VR services was 37.16/1000 temporary disability benefits granted and exhibited a decreasing trend of −6.92% (95% CI: −8.38; −5.43). The mean cumulative incidence of admissions to VR services was 57.34/100 referrals and exhibited an increasing trend of 3.31% (95% CI: 1.13; 5.53). The mean cumulative incidence of rehabilitation was 57.43/100 admissions and remained stable along the analyzed period, −2.84 (95% CI: −5.87; 0.29). Our findings evidence a reduction in the number of workers referred for VR, an increase of admissions, and stability in the cumulative incidence of rehabilitated workers.

Relationship of body mass index and other anthropometric measures and prostate specific antigen, NHANES 2001–2002

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4649-4649
Author(s):  
M. Saraiya ◽  
D. Werny ◽  
T. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mexican Men ◽  
Racial Ethnic

4649 Background: Obesity has been suggested to be a risk factor for prostate cancer. However, there has been limited information examining the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and other anthropometric measures such as triceps thickness (TT) and waist circumference (WC) and prostate specific antigen (PSA), a marker used in screening for prostate cancer. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of the non-institutionalized civilian US population. Participants in this study were limited to men aged 40 years and older without previously diagnosed prostate cancer (n = 1320). Weighted analyses were done overall and within three racial/ethnic groups [non-Hispanic whites (white), non-Hispanic blacks (black), or Mexican Americans (Mexican)]. BMI, TT, and WC were examined as both as a continuous and as a categorical variable. Three linear regression models were fit to determine the individual effect of BMI, TT, and WC on PSA within each racial/ethnic group after adjusting for age. Results: Among white men, the median PSA was 1.09 ng/mL [95% CI (0.96, 1.30)] for men with a normal BMI, 0.80 [95% CI (0.70, 0.94)] for overweight men, 0.83 [95% CI (0.74,0.95)] for obese men, and 0.74 [95% CI (0.56,1.22)] for severely obese men. Among black men, the median PSA for men was 0.83 [95% CI (0.70, 1.94)] and remained constant across BMI levels. Among Mexican men, the median PSA was 0.92 [95% CI (0.82, 1.23)] for men with a normal BMI, 0.91 [95% CI (0.81, 1.07) ] for overweight, 0.73 [95% CI (0.54,1.14)] for obese, and 0.59 [95% CI (0.39,1.06)] for severely obese men. In linear regression models controlling for age, a significant non-linear relationship was seen with BMI and PSA for both white (p = 0.010) and Mexican men (p < 0.001) but not for black men (p = 0.167). Increased TT was associated with decreasing PSA for black and Mexican men. Increased WC was associated with decreasing PSA for white and Mexican men. Conclusion: These data do suggest racial/ethnic differences of PSA across BMI categories as well as other anthropometric measures. This finding may help inform practitioners about the relationship of anthropometric measures on PSA levels. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Abstract P298: Relationship Of Plasma Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine To Carotid Intima-media Thickness In General Japanese Population: The ERA-JUMP And The SESSA

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ya Nagasawa ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Akira Fujiyoshi ◽  
Aya Kadota ◽  
Takayoshi Ohkubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Plasma Adma ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective: Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, is known as a mediator of endothelial cell dysfunction. Some clinical studies have found evidence that increased plasma ADMA levels are associated with a higher risk of cerebrovascular events. However, studies on the relationship of plasma ADMA to subclinical atherosclerosis have been scarce. We evaluated the association of ADMA with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in population-based samples in Japan. Methods: Population-based Japanese samples composed of 313 men aged 40-49 (40s men) from the ERA-JUMP and 732 men aged 60-79 (60s+70s men) from the SESSA were examined with physical examinations, life-style questionnaires, laboratory assessment and IMT using standardized methods. Plasma samples were stored at -80°C, and concentration of ADMA was determined using a validated high-throughput liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric assay. The IMTs of the right and left common carotid arteries, the carotid bulbs, and the internal carotid arteries were examined. Statistical associations were evaluated using multiple linear regression models with adjustment for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, smoking, alcohol intake, medications for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) . Results: The average concentrations and standard deviation (SD) of plasma ADMA in men aged 40-49 and 60-79 were 0.39 ± 0.06 and 0.43 ± 0.06 μmol/L, respectively. The mean and SD of IMT in men aged 40-49 and 60-79 were 0.61 ± 0.07 and 0.91 ± 0.20 mm, respectively. Higher level of ADMA was significantly and positively associated with proportion of current smoking both in 40s and 60s+70s men (correlation coefficient: both p <0.001). It was also significantly and positively associated with eGFR in 60s+70s men (p <0.001) but not associated with eGFR in 40s men (p = 0.429). In full adjusted linear regression models, 1 SD increase in ADMA was associated with 0.14mm increase in IMT in 40s men (p=0.01) but only 0.04mm increase in IMT in 60s+70s men (p=0.26). Conclusions: Higher level of ADMA was associated with more IMT independently of traditional risk factors and renal function in young adult men, but not in elderly men.

CSF Aβ 42 levels correlate with amyloid-neuropathology in a population-based autopsy study

Neurology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Strozyk ◽  
K. Blennow ◽  
L. R. White ◽  
L. J. Launer
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diffuse Plaques

Objective: To investigate the relationship of amyloid neuropathology to postmortem CSF Aβ 42 levels in an autopsy sample of Japanese American men from the population-based Honolulu–Asia Aging Study.Methods: In 1991, participants were assessed and diagnosed with dementia (including subtype) based on published criteria. At death CSF was obtained from the ventricles. Neuritic plaques (NP) and diffuse plaques in areas of the neocortex and hippocampus were examined using Bielschowsky silver stains. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) was measured by immunostaining for β4 amyloid in cerebral vessels in the neocortex. Neuropathologically confirmed AD was diagnosed using Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease criteria. In 155 autopsy samples, log transformed linear regression models were used to examine the association of NP and CAA to Aβ 42 levels, controlling for clinical dementia severity, time between diagnosis and death, age at death, brain weight, hours between death and collection of CSF, education, and APOE genotype.Results: Higher numbers of NP in the neocortex (p trend = 0.001) and in the hippocampus (p trend = 0.03) were strongly associated with lower levels of Aβ 42. Individuals with CAA had lower Aβ 42 levels (β coefficient = −0.48; 95% CI −0.9, −0.1). Compared to participants with a diagnosis of clinical dementia, those with pathologically confirmed AD had lower Aβ 42 levels (β coefficient = −0.74; 95% CI −1.4, −0.1).Conclusion: The current study suggests that lower Aβ 42 levels reflect neuropathologic processes implicated in amyloid-related pathologies, such as NP and CAA.

scholarly journals Aortic Origins of the Celiac Trunk and Superior Mesenteric Artery

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Mugurel Constantin Rusu ◽  
Adelina Maria Jianu ◽  
Bogdan Adrian Manta ◽  
Sorin Hostiuc
Keyword(s):  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Celiac Trunk ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Vertebral Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Case Basis

(1) Background. The vertebral level of origin (VLO) of the celiac trunk (CT) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) has been scarcely investigated. (2) Method. This study used 107 computed tomography angiograms and an eleven type grading system to classify the VLO of the CT and SMA. Each of the T12–L2 vertebra were divided in three horizontal levels. The intervertebral discs were considered distinct levels. (3) Results. The VLO of the CT ranged from the upper third of the T12 vertebra to the lower third of the L1 vertebra. The VLO of the SMA ranged from the lower third of the T12 vertebra to the upper third of the L2 vertebra. There was a highly significant association between the VLO of the CT and SMA (Chi2 = 201, p < 0.001), usually respecting a “plus two” rule. The mean CT–SMA distance was 1.82 +/− 0.66 cm in males and 1.55 +/− 0.411 cm in females, the difference being statistically significant. The mean CT–SMA distance tended to decrease with increasing CT–SMA types, the differences being statistically significant. (4) Conclusions. These characteristics of CT and SMA origins and their relations should be known by surgeons, as they could impact operative management and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

scholarly journals Sun exposure and intima-media thickness in the Mexican Teachers' Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Aguilar ◽  
Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre ◽  
Adrian Cortés-Valencia ◽  
Mario H. Flores-Torres ◽  
Andrés Catzin-Kuhlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Previous studies have evaluated how sun exposure affects cardiovascular health. In this sense, some evidence from ecological studies have found an inverse relationship between sun exposure and blood pressure or CVD. The aim of this study is to determine whether long-term sun exposure has a protective role in subclinical cardiovascular disease in adult Mexican women. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a sample of women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort (MTC) study. Sun exposure was assessed in the MTC 2008 baseline questionnaire, in which women were asked about their sun-related behavior. Vascular neurologists measured carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using standard techniques. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the percentage difference in mean IMT and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), according to categories of sun exposure and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs for carotid atherosclerosis. Results The mean age of participants was 49.6 ± 5.5 years, the mean IMT was 0.678 ± 0.097 mm, and the mean accumulated hours of weekly sun exposure were 2.9 ± 1.9. Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was 20.9%. Compared to women in the lowest category of sun exposure, the multivariate adjusted ORs of carotid atherosclerosis were 0.54 (95%CI: 0.24, 1.18) for women who were exposed 9 hours. For women who denied regular sun screen use, those in the higher exposure category (9 hours) had lower mean IMT compared to those in the lower category (multivariable-adjusted mean % difference = -2.67; 95%CI: -6.9, -1.5). Conclusion In general, we observed that cumulative sun exposure was inversely associated with IMT and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Our findings suggest that public health messages should also consider the sun’s positive role for health, while still emphasizing the negative impacts of excessive exposure.

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