scholarly journals Interaction of Hepatitis C Viral Proteins with Cellular Oncoproteins in the Induction of Liver Cancer

ISRN Virology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramareddy V. Guntaka ◽  
Mythili K. Padala
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Host Cell Proteins ◽  
Encoded Proteins ◽  
Altered Proteins

Hepatitis C virus infection is a major health problem all over the world. A large proportion of patients infected by HCV develop liver cirrhosis or cancer. However, the mechanism(s) remain to be elucidated. Since HCV does not carry any known oncogene, it is thought that interaction between virally encoded proteins and host proteins is responsible for carcinogenesis. Many crucial interactions between HCV-encoded proteins and host proteins have been reported. In this review we focus on the interaction of viral proteins with important regulators of cell cycle—oncoproteins YB-1, p53, and cyclin D1—which play a major role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and genomic stability. Genetic variants of HCV accumulate in patients and alter these interactions of host cell proteins. It is a battle between the virus and host and the final outcome depends on the winner; if the host succeeds in clearing the virus the patient may not develop serious liver diseases. On the other hand, if the virus dominates by evolving quasispecies which code for altered proteins that interact differently with host proteins, or induce mutations in host protooncogenes, then the patient may develop liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer.

scholarly journals Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Cardamonin against Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Nassrin A. Badroon ◽  
Nazia Abdul Majid ◽  
Mohammed A. Alshawsh
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Late Apoptosis ◽  
Apoptotic Effects

Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer in terms of incidence and the fourth in terms of mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents almost 90% of primary liver cancer and has become a major health problem globally. Cardamonin (CADMN) is a natural bioactive chalcone found in several edible plants such as cardamom and Alpinia species. Previous studies have shown that CADMN possesses anticancer activities against breast, lung, prostate and colorectal cancer. In the present study, the mechanisms underlying the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of CADMN were investigated against HepG2 cells. The results demonstrated that CADMN has anti-proliferative effects and apoptotic action on HepG2 cells. CADMN showed potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 17.1 ± 0.592 μM at 72 h. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that CADMN arrests HepG2 cells in G1 phase and induces a significant increase in early and late apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. The mechanism by which CADMN induces apoptotic action was via activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Moreover, the findings of this study showed the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which inhibit the NF-κB pathway and further enhance the apoptotic process. Together, our findings further support the potential anticancer activity of CADMN as an alternative therapeutic agent against HCC.

scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS C

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 672-678
Author(s):  
Umar Hayat Khan ◽  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Mohammad Akram ◽  
Aziz Marjan Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Safe Blood

Objectives: To find out seroprevalence of Hepatitis C among healthy blood donorsin Khyber PakhtunKhwa. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: From1st July 2008 to March,2009. The study was conducted by department of Community MedicineKMU Institute of Medical Sciences, Kohat. All healthy blood donors who reported for bleeding inblood banks of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were screened for Hepatitis C antibodies. The study wasconducted in seventeen (17) districts and three (3) teaching hospitals. The kits used were rapidimmunochromatography kits. The kits were provided by safe blood transfusion project of KhyberPakhtunkhwa. Results: A total of 61170 healthy blood donors were screened during a period of 9months. Out of which 1341 (2.19%)were positive for hepatitis antibody. Conclusions: Hepatitis Cvirus infection has become a major health problem in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Blood is one of themain source of infection. Strict monitoring of blood is necessary before transfusion. To limit andprevent the spread of Hepatitis C, public awareness by print, social and electronic media is theneed of time. Resource allocation is necessary

scholarly journals Efficacy of antiviral therapy in patients with post-hepatitis C liver cirrhosis: is hyperuricaemia a potential adverse effect?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000533
Author(s):  
Amr Elsayed ◽  
Ehab M Abdelraheem ◽  
Hatem Hassan ◽  
Abbas Abbas ◽  
Alshymaa Hassnine
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Potential Adverse Effect ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Major Health Problem

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) related liver cirrhosis is considered a major health problem; sofosbuvir (SOF)/ledipasvir (LDV) and SOF/daclatsvir (DACLA) are very promising direct antiviral agents (DAAS) especially in treating HCV genotype 4 which is the main genotype in Egypt. Uric acid elevation was reported in many systemic diseases and might be elevated during direct antiviral therapy. The aim is to evaluate efficacy and safety of SOF/LDV and SOF/DACLA plus ribavirin in treating HCV related child A liver cirrhosis and assess hyperuricaemia as a potential adverse effect to this regimen.MethodsThis prospective observatinal study included 128 HCV naive child A cirrhotic patients divided into two groups (77 patients were treated with SOF 400 mg, DACLA 60 mg and ribavirin 600 mg and 51 patients were treated with SOF 400 mg, LDV 90 mg and ribavirin 600 mg) for 12 weeks, during the treatment complete blood count, creatinine, bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and serum uric acid were monitored, HCV RNA quantitative PCR at 12 weeks after the end of treatment was done.ResultsResponse to treatment in SOF/LDV (sof/led) group is about (98%), response to treatment in SOF/DACLA (sof/dacla) group is about (96%). Hyperuricaemia was noticed in 17.6% of patients received sof/led and in 15.5% of those received sof/dacla.ConclusionSOF+LDV and SOF+DACLA plus ribavirin regimens are highly effective in treating chronic HCV patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Hyperuricaemia is considered a potential adverse effect to DAAS containing ribavirin and may lead to serious side effects such as renal impairment.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Marilena Stoian ◽  
Victor Stoica
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Rate Ratios

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with incidence rising is expected to increase by another 81% by the year 2020, primarily due to the hepatitis C epidemic. The strongest risk factors for the development of HCC is a hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection, as well as cirrhosis of any cause. Other risk factors that have been reported include exposure to aflatoxin, alcohol, tobacco, obesity and diabetes. To detect potentially curable cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, outpatients with chronic liver disease who have been seen at the Dr. Ion Cantacuzino Hospital, since 10 years and examined periodically with real-time ultrasonography and measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein.We analyzed the data on these patients for risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma.The risk of liver cancer in men was 1.33 times higher than in women; patients in their 60s had significantly higher rate ratios (6.46) than patients in their 40s; patients with liver cirrhosis diagnosed at enrollment had significantly higher rate ratios for liver cancer (1.93) than patients with chronic hepatitis. The high serum alpha-fetoprotein level at enrollment was also confirmed as a significant marker for a high risk, regardless of the stage of disease (chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis). The serum markers for hepatitis virus -- HBsAg, and anti-HCV - were significantly associated with the risk of liver cancer: the adjusted rate ratios for HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV were estimated to be 6.92, 4.54, and 4.09, respectively. Hepatitis B surface antigen (rate ratio 6,92; 95% CI: 2.92 to 16.39) and hepatitis C antibody (rate ratio 4.09; 95% CI: 1.30 to 12.85) showed the most risk for carcinoma.Further studies are required to clarify the roles of other risk factors, including drinking and smoking habits.

scholarly journals Current Challenges in Hepatitis C

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
M Abdul Ahad
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Global Problem

Hepatitis C is a significant global problem with a wide-ranging personal, social and economic impact. The virus can silently attack the liver for decades before the illness becomes obvious, often as cirrhosis, liver cancer or liver failure. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is emerging as one of the major health problems in Bangladesh.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i1.3229 TAJ 2008; 21(1):93-96

Frequency of Hypothyroidism in Chronic Hepatitis C patients treated with Standard Interferon Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Sami Ullah Mumtaz ◽  
Hina Akhtar ◽  
Kanza Ashraf ◽  
Tayyeba Komal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Interferon Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Chronic hepatitis C is a major health problem associated with high mortality and morbidity. It is the most common chronic hepatitis leading to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the standard treatment used for hepatitis C is interferon therapy which can lead to thyroid dysfunction i.e. hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in smear negative sputum by PCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jobayer ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Kazi Zulfiquer Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Negative Sputum

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a major health problem in Bangladesh that is responsible for about 7% of total death in a year. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum and to evaluate the efficacy of PCR as a modern diagnostic tool, for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in the smear negative cases. One hundred and fifty suspected pulmonary TB patients (male/ female: 97/53) were included in this study. Single morning sputum was collected from each patient and diagnostic potential of PCR was compared with staining and culture. Twenty five (16.7%) sputum were positive by ZN stained smear. Among 125 smear negative samples, 13 (10.4%) yielded growth in culture in LJ media and 21 (16.8%) samples were positive by PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR in smear negative cases was 100% and 92.9% respectively. Mean detection time in PCR was 24 hours. PCR detected M. tuberculosis in 21 smear negative and 9 culture negative samples. For diagnosis of tuberculosis in smear negative cases, PCR directly from sputum was a very sensitive and accurate method. In conclusion, PCR may be done, especially in clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients who remain negative by conventional methods.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i2.19368 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(02): 2-6

Prevention and Treatment of Early Childhood Caries (ECC)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey .
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a chronic disease that can be prevented. It commonlyaffects children involving in one or more decayed (with lesions or not) teeth, missing teeth (dueto caries), or teeth with fillings in children aged under 71 months. The disease is sometimesoverlooked, but this condition usually affects the general health of children. Early detection ofEarly Childhood Caries (ECC) can prevent problems which are harmful to children. Therefore,the ECC must be prevented and for teeth that have had dental caries they should be givenproper treatment so as not to worsen and affect the quality of life in children. Prevention of thisdisease is a significant component in any health program to prepare for the optimal basis forthe oral health of children. This condition will become a serious health problem if not handledproperly, and it is a major health problem for health providers throughout the world.Primarypreventive must be initiated since a woman getting pregnant.Keywords: Early Childhood Caries (ECC), prevention, treatment

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