scholarly journals Patients with Poor Response to Antipsychotics Have a More Severe Pattern of Frontal Atrophy: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study of Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Quarantelli ◽  
Olga Palladino ◽  
Anna Prinster ◽  
Vittorio Schiavone ◽  
Barbara Carotenuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Mr Studies ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

Approximately 30% of schizophrenia patients do not respond adequately to the therapy. Previous MRI studies have suggested that drug treatment resistance is associated with brain morphological abnormalities, although region-of-interest analysis of MR studies from nonresponder and responder patients failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference between these two schizophrenia subgroups. We have used a voxel-based analysis of segmented MR studies to assess structural cerebral differences in 20 nonresponder and 15 responder patients and 16 age-matched normal volunteers. Differences between the three groups emerged bilaterally mainly at the level of the superior and middle frontal gyri, primarily due to reduced grey matter volumes in nonresponders, as compared to both normal volunteers and responder patients. Post hoc direct comparison between the two schizophrenia subgroups demonstrated significantly reduced grey matter volumes in middle frontal gyrus bilaterally, in the dorsolateral aspects of left superior frontal gyrus extending into postcentral gyrus and in the right medial temporal cortex. Our results extend and integrate previous findings suggesting a more severe atrophy in nonresponder schizophrenia patients, compared to responder patients, mainly at the level of the superior and middle frontal gyri. Longitudinal studies in drug-naïve patients are needed to assess the role of these associations.

The Influence of Alteration of kVp and mAs towards the Image Quality of Acrylic Using CBCT

2019 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Azhari ◽  
Yohanes Hutasoit ◽  
Freddy Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Radiograph Image

CBCT is a modernized technology in producing radiograph image on dentistry. The image quality excellence is very important for clinicians to interpret the image, so the result of diagnosis produced becoming more accurate, appropriate, thus minimizing the working time. This research was aimed to assess the image quality using the blank acrylic phantom polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (C­5H8O2)n in the density of 1.185 g/cm3 for evaluating the homogeneity and uniformity of the image produced. Acrylic phantom was supported with a tripod and laid down on the chin rest of the CBCT device, then the phantom was fixed, and the edge of the phantom was touched by the bite block. Furthermore, the exposure of the X-ray was executed toward the acrylic phantom with various kVp and mAs, from 80 until 90, with the range of 5 kV and the variation of mA was 3, 5, and 7 mA respectively. The time exposure was kept constant for 25 seconds. The samples were taken from CBCT acrylic images, then as much as 5 ROIs (Region of Interest) was chosen to be analyzed. The ROIs determination was analyzed by using the ImageJ® software for recognizing the influence of kVp and mAs towards the image uniformity, noise and SNR. The lowest kVp and mAs had the result of uniformity value, homogeneity and signal to noise ratio of 11.22; 40.35; and 5.96 respectively. Meanwhile, the highest kVp and mAs had uniformity value, homogeneity and signal to noise ratio of 16.96; 26.20; and 5.95 respectively. There were significant differences between the image uniformity and homogeneity on the lowest kVp and mAs compared to the highest kVp and mAs, as analyzed with the ANOVA statistics analysis continued with the t-student post-hoc test with α = 0.05. However, there was no significant difference in SNR as analyzed with the ANOVA statistic analysis. The usage of the higher kVp and mAs caused the improvement of the image homogeneity and uniformity compared to the lower kVp and mAs.

Effects of Ultrasonic Skeletonization of the Gastroepiploic Artery on Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Terada ◽  
Shigeyuki Tomita ◽  
Yoshihide Asaumi ◽  
Yoshinao Koshida ◽  
Nobuki Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Gastroepiploic Artery ◽  
No Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Electrosurgical Unit ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Objective The right gastroepiploic artery (GEA) is a reliable conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting. Recently, ultrasonic skeletonization in graft harvesting has attracted attention as an alternative technique to increase the length and caliber size of grafts. The influence of GEA skeletonization using an ultrasonically activated device with that using an electrosurgical unit was compared from the viewpoint of production of nitric oxide (NO). Methods Fourteen pigs were used in this study. The GEA were harvested using an ultrasonically activated device (group ultrasonically activated device [USAD], n = 7) or electrocautery (group E, n = 7). Blood sampling was performed at the following three times from the distal end of the GEA: (1) preskeletonization, (2) pedicle, and (3) postskeletonization. Plasma NOx (NO metabolites) levels were measured by chemiluminescent assay. Moreover, in excised specimens, the expression of nitric oxide synthase was examined immunohistologically. Results In group USAD, the preskeletonization basal level of plasmaNOx in GEA was 25.7 ± 10.9 μmol/L, which then increased to 26.9 ± 10.5 μmol/L (pedicle) and 32.2 ± 12.1 μmol/L (postskeletonization). In group E, the preskeletonization basal plasma NOx level in GEA was 28.9 ± 11.4 μmol/L, which changed to 27.5 ± 8.9 μmol/L (pedicle) and 21.8 ± 8.3 μmol/L (postskeletonization). The results of multivariate analysis indicated that the patterns of changes in plasma NOx level were significantly different in both groups (P = 0.024). In group USAD, post hoc multiple comparison tests revealed a significant difference between preskeletonization and postskeletonization (P = 0.037). Conclusions Ultrasonically skeletonized GEA showed increased effective graft length, higher free flow capacity, and increased endothelial NO production than that prepared using an electrosurgical unit.

Early striatal hypertrophy in first-episode psychosis within 3 weeks of initiating antipsychotic drug treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Chua ◽  
Y. Deng ◽  
E. Y. H. Chen ◽  
C. W. Law ◽  
C. P. Y. Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
The Right

BackgroundWe and others have reported that patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis already have significant structural brain abnormalities. Antipsychotics seem to reverse subcortical volume deficits after months of treatment. However, the early impact of medication on brain morphology is not known.MethodForty-eight individuals in their first episode of psychosis underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scanning. Twenty-six were antipsychotic naive and 22 were newly treated with antipsychotic medication for a median period of 3 weeks. In each group, 80% of subjects received a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The two groups were balanced for age, sex, handedness, ethnicity, height, years of education, paternal socio-economic status (SES) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score. Group differences in whole-brain grey matter were compared voxel by voxel, using Brain Activation and Morphological Mapping (BAMM) software. We also conducted testing of group differences with region-of-interest (ROI) measurements of the caudate nucleus.ResultsRelative to the untreated group, those receiving antipsychotic medication for 3–4 weeks had significantly greater grey-matter volumes in the bilateral caudate and cingulate gyri, extending to the left medial frontal gyrus. ROI analysis confirmed that, in treated patients, the right and left caudate nuclei were significantly larger by 10% (p<0.039, two-tailed) and 9% (p<0.048, two-tailed) respectively.ConclusionsEarly striatal grey-matter enlargement may occur within the first 3–4 weeks of antipsychotic treatment. Possible reasons for putative striatal hypertrophy and its implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Bilateral Differences in Peak Force, Power, and Maximum Plié Depth During Multiple Grande Jetés

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wyon ◽  
Julie Harris ◽  
Derrick Brown ◽  
Frances Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Dance Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bilateral Differences ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Bias ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Leg Dominance

A lateral bias has been previously reported in dance training. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are any bilateral differences in peak forces, power, and maximum knee flexion during a sequence of three grand jetés and how they relate to leg dominance. A randomised observational design was selected for the study. Volunteers consisted of 20 female dancers in the last year of pre-professional training. All volunteers completed three different tests to determine leg dominance prior to completing a three grande jeté sequence. The lead leg for the jump sequence was randomised. Peak take-off power, relative landing force (BW), and maximum knee flexion angles were measured using a Myotest accelerometer and integrated goniometer. Results indicated that 90% of dancers reported right leg dominance. A significant difference was noted in peak take-off power among the jumps (p<0.01); post hoc test indicated jump 3 was significantly greater than jump 1. Mean maximum take-off knee angles increased over the three-jump sequence with the left leg having a significantly deeper plié than the right (p<0.01). Landing data showed an increase in peak force and a decrease in maximum knee angles across the jump sequence. The present data indicate different bilateral strategies during take-off and landing during grand jetés in female dancers resulting in increased forces during the jumps on the non-dominant side. These differences need to be addressed by incorporating appropriate modifications in training methodology that eliminates the observed bilateral differences.

scholarly journals Increased activation of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex to citalopram challenge in migraine: an fMRI study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Edit Edes ◽  
Shane McKie ◽  
Edina Szabo ◽  
Gyongyi Kokonyei ◽  
Dorottya Pap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key structure of the pain processing network. Several structural and functional alterations of this brain area have been found in migraine. In addition, altered serotonergic neurotransmission has been repeatedly implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine, although the exact mechanism is not known. Thus, our aim was to investigate the relationship between acute increase of brain serotonin (5-HT) level and the activation changes of the ACC using pharmacological challenge MRI (phMRI) in migraine patients and healthy controls. Methods Twenty-seven pain-free healthy controls and six migraine without aura patients participated in the study. All participant attended to two phMRI sessions during which intravenous citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), or placebo (normal saline) was administered. We used region of interest analysis of ACC to compere the citalopram evoked activation changes of this area between patients and healthy participants. Results Significant difference in ACC activation was found between control and patient groups in the right pregenual ACC (pgACC) during and after citalopram infusion compared to placebo. The extracted time-series showed that pgACC activation increased in migraine patients compared to controls, especially in the first 8–10 min of citalopram infusion. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that a small increase in 5-HT levels can lead to increased phMRI signal in the pregenual part of the ACC that is involved in processing emotional aspects of pain. This increased sensitivity of the pgACC to increased 5-HT in migraine may contribute to recurring headache attacks and increased stress-sensitivity in migraine.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation vs. Placebo on Post-Bleaching Sensitivity and Color Change: A Split-Mouth Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Caroline C. de Silva ◽  
Cristiane de M. Alencar ◽  
Brennda L. F. de Paula ◽  
Fernanda F. de A. Jassé ◽  
Jesuína L. N. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Pain Evaluation ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of Photobiomodulation (PBM) with low-level LASER therapy compared to placebo in post-bleaching sensitivity and color change during a three-week office bleaching treatment. Methods: A split-mouth model was used to evaluate 21 subjects. The right and left hemi-archs were randomized to one of two groups: GP (placebo): simulated LASER application followed by tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide; and GL: treated with PBM followed by tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide. A four-degree modified Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess tooth sensitivity after the application of an evaporative stimulus (stimulated pain). In addition, a daily questionnaire was used to measure unstimulated pain. The color change was measured using a spectrophotometer. The Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze data sensitivity. Color results were statistically analyzed using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post-hoc test. Results: There was no significant difference between GP and GL for stimulated pain evaluation (p> 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the groups for unstimulated pain evaluation (p≤ 0.05). In addition, ΔE data did not reveal any significant difference in tooth color between groups at any time (p> 0.05). Conclusion: PBM prevented post-bleaching sensitivity compared to placebo, based on the daily pain assessment questionnaires. PBM did not compromise the quality of bleaching treatments.

scholarly journals CBCT assessment of alveolar buccal bone level after RME

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valmy Pangrazio-Kulbersh ◽  
Brynn Jezdimir ◽  
Mariana de Deus Haughey ◽  
Richard Kulbersh ◽  
Paul Wine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
Marginal Bone Level ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the maxillary alveolar buccal bone levels after expansion with banded and bonded expanders, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The population sample consisted of 22 patients who required expansion during their comprehensive treatment; 10 patients (five males and five females) with a mean age of 13.5 years (CVMS 3) had bonded hygienic expanders, and 12 (six males and six females) with a mean age of 12.6 years (CVMS 3) had banded hyrax expanders. CBCT was taken both before (T1) and 6 months after last activation (T2). Measurements were made for buccal bone thickness (BT), buccal marginal bone level (MBL), and bone thickness level (BTL) at the right first molar (MRt), left first molar (MLft), right first premolar (PMRt), and left first premolar (PMLft). A mixed-design analysis of variance assessed differences between and within the groups. Post hoc t-tests were completed on significant analysis of variance results to determine where differences occurred. Results: Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between or within the two groups. BT significantly decreased horizontally following rapid maxillary expansion. The amount of bone lost was −0.59 mm MRt, −0.72 mm PMRt, −0.50 mm MLft, and −0.57 mm PMLft (P &lt; .003). Conclusions: There was no significant difference between or within the two groups. Buccal bone loss in the vertical dimension (MBL) only showed significance in the banded group for MRt (0.63 mm) and PMLFt (0.37 mm) as evidenced by the paired t-test (P &lt; .05).

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphisms and Asymmetries of the Thalamo-Cortical Pathways and Subcortical Grey Matter of Term Born Healthy Neonates: An Investigation with Diffusion Tensor MRI

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Fadoua Saadani-Makki ◽  
Ardalan Aarabi ◽  
Mahshid Fouladivanda ◽  
Karman Kazemi ◽  
Malek Makki
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Mri ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
The Right

Diffusion-tensor-MRI was performed on 28 term born neonates. For each hemisphere, we quantified separately the axial and the radial diffusion (AD, RD), the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the thalamo-cortical pathway (THC) and four structures: thalamus (TH), putamen (PT), caudate nucleus (CN) and globus-pallidus (GP). There was no significant difference between boys and girls in either the left or in the right hemispheric THC, TH, GP, CN and PT. In the combined group (boys + girls) significant left greater than right symmetry was observed in the THC (AD, RD and ADC), and TH (AD, ADC). Within the same group, we reported left greater than right asymmetry in the PT (FA), CN (RD and ADC). Different findings were recorded when we split the group of neonates by gender. Girls exhibited right > left AD, RD and ADC in the THC and left > right FA in the PT. In the group of boys, we observed right > left RD and ADC. We also reported left > right FA in the PT and left > right RD in the CN. These results provide insights into normal asymmetric development of sensory-motor networks within boys and girls.

scholarly journals Variability in EIT Images of Lung Ventilation as a Function of Electrode Planes and Body Positions

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Robert Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Resistivity Change ◽  
Lower Electrode ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

This study is aimed at investigating the variability in resistivity changes in the lung region as a function of air volume, electrode plane and body position. Six normal subjects (33.8 ± 4.7 years, range from 26 to 37 years) were studied using the Sheffield Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) portable system. Three transverse planes at the level of second intercostal space, the level of the xiphisternal joint, and midway between upper and lower locations were chosen for measurements. For each plane, sixteen electrodes were uniformly positioned around the thorax. Data were collected with the breath held at end expiration and after inspiring 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 liters of air from end expiration, with the subject in both the supine and sitting position. The average resistivity change in five regions, two 8x8 pixel local regions in the right lung, entire right, entire left and total lung regions, were calculated. The results show the resistivity change averaged over electrode positions and subject positions was 7-9% per liter of air, with a slightly larger resistivity change of 10 % per liter air in the lower electrode plane. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between supine and sitting. The two 8x8 regions show a larger inter individual variability (coefficient of variation, CV, is from 30% to 382%) compared to the entire left, entire right and total lung (CV is from 11% to 51%). The results for the global regions are more consistent. The large inter individual variability appears to be a problem for clinical applications of EIT, such as regional ventilation. The variability may be mitigated by choosing appropriate electrode plane, body position and region of interest for the analysis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the basic surface roughness of an ISO-certified and non-ISO-certified slot bracket with an atomic force microscope

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Chrisni Oktavia Jusup ◽  
Eky Setiawan Soeria Soemantri ◽  
Endah Mardiati ◽  
Ida Ayu Evangelina
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Base Surface ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: The base surface roughness of slot bracket can affect friction in tooth movement. There are ISO-certified and non-ISO-certified stainless steel brackets on the market. Thus orthodontists must be careful in choosing the right bracket. This study was aimed to evaluate the differences of the surface roughness of ISO-certified and non-ISO-certified Roth 0.022 inch stainless steel bracket with the parameter of S a (average roughness). Methods: This research was a laboratory observational. Samples were taken randomly as many as 32 brackets divided into two groups, each consisted of two bracket brands. Surface roughness measurements were performed using an atomic force microscope (AFM), then the data were analysed by ANOVA test (p &lt; 0.05) and Post-Hoc analysis. Results: The ISO-certified bracket has an S a value smaller than the non-ISO-certified bracket. There was a significant difference in the surface roughness of the ISO-certified and non-ISO-certified slot bracket base (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The ISO-certified bracket has a smoother base surface than the non-ISO-certified bracket base.Keywords: Surface roughness, stainless steel slot bracket, atomic force microscope

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