scholarly journals Therapeutically Targeting Neuroinflammation and Microglia after Acute Ischemic Stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjeon Lee ◽  
Sang-Rae Lee ◽  
Sung S. Choi ◽  
Hyeon-Gu Yeo ◽  
Kyu-Tae Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Secondary Injury ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Stroke Models ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Multiple Receptor

Inflammation has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and recent studies posit that inflammation acts as a double-edged sword, not only detrimentally augmenting secondary injury, but also potentially promoting recovery. An initial event of inflammation in ischemic stroke is the activation of microglia, leading to production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators acting through multiple receptor signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of microglial mediators in acute ischemic stroke and elaborate on preclinical and clinical studies focused on microglia in stroke models. Understanding how microglia can lead to both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses may be essential to implement therapeutic strategies using immunomodulatory interventions in ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals The Prognostic Determinant of Interleukin-10 in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Analysis from the Perspective of Disease Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wen Sun ◽  
Shuhui Wang ◽  
Shanji Nan
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Background. In patients with ischemic stroke, the role of anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in predicting risk and outcomes is not very clear. This study is aimed at prospectively assessing the prognostic determinant value of IL-10 in patients with acute ischemic stroke in a cohort of Chinese people. Methods. In a prospective cohort study, consecutive first-ever patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to our hospital were included from October 2019 to October 2020. The serum level of IL-10 was measured at baseline. A structured follow-up telephone interview was performed on day 90 after admission. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of IL-10 to predict the poor functional outcome (defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 3 to 6) and mortality. Results. The median age of the 236 enrolled patients was 65 years (interquartile range (IQR), 56-76), and 57.6% were male. There was a negative correlation between the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and IL-10 serum levels ( r   Spearman = − 0.221 , P = 0.001 ). Patients with elevated IL-10 levels (> the highest quartile = 5.24   pg / mL ; n = 79 ) were at significantly lower risk of poor functional outcomes (odds ratio (OR), 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.19 to 0.63; P < 0.001 ) and mortality ( OR = 0.24 ; 95% CI = 0.11 –0.52; P < 0.001 ) compared with patients with IL-10 levels in the lowest three quartiles. Conclusions. Reduced serum levels of IL-10 were independently associated with both the clinical severity at admission and a poor functional prognosis in ischemic stroke patients, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was an important prognostic determinant.

Role of S100β Glial Protein as a Serological Marker for Analysis of Acute Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
pp. 251660852110112
Author(s):  
Kiran Buddharaju ◽  
Mahendra Javali ◽  
Anish Mehta ◽  
R Srinivasa ◽  
Purushottam Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Serological Marker ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
S100β Protein ◽  
Asymptomatic Volunteers ◽  
Scale Scores

Background: Stroke is a major cause of neurological disability, which can be often predicted with serological markers. Glial-derived S100β protein is a potential biomarker for cerebral ischemia and may be helpful in predicting the severity, outcome, and recovery of stroke. Aim: This study aimed to study the role of S100β glial protein as a serological marker in predicting the severity of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), outcome, and functional recovery after 1 month. Methods: A hospital-based prospective case control study included 43 consecutive patients, >18 years old, who were admitted with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarcts within 72 h of onset of neurological deficits. Control group comprised of 43 age-matched asymptomatic volunteers. Independent t-test and chi square test were used to compare the means and evaluate the association between protein level and various parameters. P ≤ .05 was statistically significant. Results: S100β protein level in AIS patients was significantly higher compared to controls ( P < .05). Elevated serum S100β protein level was found to be associated with larger infarct volumes, higher National Institute Health Stroke Scale scores, and higher modified Rankin Scale scores at admission ( P < .05). Patients with higher S100β protein levels at admission had poor recovery at 1 month compared to patients having normal S100β protein levels. Conclusion: S100β protein levels at admission after an acute MCA territory infarct may be used as a reliable serological tool in predicting the severity, outcome, and functional recovery in stroke.

scholarly journals Role of some inflammatory biomarkers in prediction of short-term outcome in acute ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosria Abd Al Hameed AlTaweel ◽  
Rania Sanad Nageeb ◽  
Pakinam Mahmoud Metwally ◽  
Ahmed Elsayed Badawy
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
Wbc Count

Abstract Background Several factors affect acute ischemic stroke (AIS) outcomes. Objective This study aimed to assess the role of the leukocyte count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and c reactive protein (CRP) as early predictors of outcome in AIS patients. Methods This study was conducted on 60 AIS patients. They were subjected to detailed history taking, clinical examination, brain imaging, and laboratory assessment including the CRP, white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and NLR which is calculated by dividing ANC by ALC. Neurological scales were used to assess the level of consciousness by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and stroke severity by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at the first 48 h of stroke onset as well as 1 week and 2 weeks later for the assessment of short-term functional neurological outcome. Results Sixty percent of the patients had unfavorable outcomes assessed by the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Patients with unfavorable outcomes had higher NIHSS scores. NLR was positively correlated with WBC count, ANC, and CRP. The higher WBC, NLR, and NIHSS, the unfavorable the outcome was. Conclusion The higher WBC, the NLR, and the level of CRP at the onset of AIS, the more severe stroke and the poorer the short-term outcome are expected.

scholarly journals Role of Monitoring in Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Stroke ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2599-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cavallini ◽  
Giuseppe Micieli ◽  
Simona Marcheselli ◽  
Silvana Quaglini
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Patients

PO23-749 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION OF SIMVASTATIN AND ROSUVASTATIN IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
S. Antonopoulos ◽  
M. Mylonopoulou ◽  
A. Charamis ◽  
S. Geracari ◽  
C. Poulopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Immunomodulatory role of paliperidone in the poly(I:C) model of schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s220-s221
Author(s):  
K. MacDowell ◽  
E. Munarriz-Cuezva ◽  
D. Martín-Hernández ◽  
A. Sayd ◽  
B. García-Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Behavioral Test ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cellular Markers ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

IntroductionAlterations on the innate inflammatory response may underlie the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases, but the mechanisms implicated remain elusive. Current antipsychotics modulate pro/anti-inflammatory pathways, but the specific mechanisms involved remain elusive. One attractive possibility is the regulation of the intracellular signalling pathways of the innate immune receptors Toll-like 3 (TLR3), which triggers antiviral and inflammatory responses.AimsTo elucidate the regulatory role of paliperidone on maternal immune activation (MIA) induced alterations on TLR3 pathway and on the two emerging endogenous antiinflammatory/antioxidant mechanisms NRF2/antioxidant enzymes pathway and the cytokine milieu regulating M1/M2 polarization in microglia.MethodsPregnant mice were treated with the synthetic Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist Poly(I:C) in gestational day 9 and chronically treated with paliperidone (0,05 mg/kg i.p.) in adult offspring. Animals were sacrificed one day after treatment and behavioral test. Inflammation oxidative stress-related mediators were analysed at mRNA and protein level in prefrontal cortex samples. In addition, behavioral test t-maze was conducted.ResultsPaliperidone prevented TLR3 pathway activation and the subsequent MIA-induced neuroinflammatory response. Also, paliperidone induced an increment in the activity and protein expression of nuclear NRF2, as well as increased mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes HO1, SOD and catalase in the MIA model. Otherwise, paliperidone increases the antiinflammatory cytokines levels TGFβ and IL-10 in favour of a M2 microglia profile and increased the levels of the M2 cellular markers ArgI and FOLR2.ConclusionsThe modulation of neuroinflammation and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant/anti-inflammatory pathways by current and new antipsychotics could represent an interesting therapeutic strategy for the future.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The role of elevated levels of microRNA-155-5p and microRNA-124-5p in hyperuricemia and acute ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1674-1680
Author(s):  
Yuan Yao ◽  
Jun Yuan ◽  
Yanju Ma ◽  
Runxiu Zhu ◽  
Yong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Neuronal Apoptosis ◽  
Projection Neuron ◽  
Neuron Differentiation

Hyperuricemia is closely related to acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In our study, we investigated the pattern of miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-124-5p expressions along with its clinical application in AIS and hyperuricemia patients and in a hyperuricemia rat model by RT-qPCR. The hyperuricemia rat model was established, and we found that the levels of miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-124-5p were increased in the serum, brain and kidney tissues compared with those in the normal rats. We proved that the levels of miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-124-5p were also elevated in AIS, hyperuricemia and AIS accompanied with hyperuricemia patients enrolled from the department of neurology in Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital (IMPH). The miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-124-5p were mainly associated with neuronal apoptosis, cerebral vasospasm, neuron projection, neuron projection morphogenesis, neuron differentiation and exocytosis. The above results might provide clues for the study the pathogenesis of AIS and hyperuricemia.

Potential role of neuroprotective agents in the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Ovbiagele ◽  
Chelsea S. Kidwell ◽  
Sidney Starkman ◽  
Jeffrey L. Saver
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Neuroprotective Agents
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