scholarly journals Molecular Analysis ofHuman MetapneumovirusDetected in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Upper Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona S. Embarek Mohamed ◽  
Janine Reiche ◽  
Sonja Jacobsen ◽  
Amany G. Thabit ◽  
Mohamed S. Badary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Partial Fusion ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Time

Introduction. Since 2001, whenHuman metapneumovirus(HMPV) was isolated in the Netherlands, the virus has been detected in several continents. Although reports have confirmed the prevalence of HMPV worldwide, data from Egypt remain limited. HMPV plays an important role in respiratory tract infections in individuals of all ages particularly in children. This study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of HMPV in patients with community-acquired lower respiratory infection in Upper Egypt and characterizing the circulating Egyptian HMPV strains for the first time.Materials and Methods. From 2005 to 2008, respiratory samples from 520 patients were analyzed for the presence of HMPV by real-time RT-PCR. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses were performed on partial fusion gene sequences of HMPV-positive patients.Results. HMPV-positive patients were detected in 2007-2008. The overall infection rate was 4%, while 57% of the patients were children. Sequence analysis demonstrated circulation of subgroup B viruses with predominance of lineage B2. Nucleotide sequence identity within lineage B1 was 98.8%–99.7% and higher than that in lineage B2 (94.3%–100%). Three new amino acid substitutions (T223N, R229K, and D280N) of lineage B2 were observed.Conclusion. HMPV is a major viral pathogen in the Egyptian population especially in children. During 2007-2008, predominantly HMPV B2 circulated in Upper Egypt.

scholarly journals Rapid Identification of Nine Microorganisms Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections by Single-Tube Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR: Feasibility Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Gröndahl ◽  
Wolfram Puppe ◽  
Andrea Hoppe ◽  
Inka Kühne ◽  
Josef A. I. Weigl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Type 3

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are leading causes of morbidity and, in developing countries, mortality in children. A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed to allow in one test the detection of nine different microorganisms (enterovirus, influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], parainfluenzaviruses type 1 and type 3, adenovirus,Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia pneumoniae) that do not usually colonize the respiratory tracts of humans but, if present, must be assumed to be the cause of respiratory disease. Clinical samples from 1,118 children admitted to the Department of Pediatrics because of an ARI between November 1995 and April 1998 were used for a first clinical evaluation. Detection of one of the microorganisms included in the assay was achieved for 395 of 1,118 (35%) clinical samples, of which 37.5% were RSV, 20% were influenza A virus, 12.9% were adenovirus, 10.6% were enterovirus, 8.1% were M. pneumoniae, 4.3% were parainfluenzavirus type 3, 3.5% were parainfluenzavirus type 1, 2.8% were influenza B virus, and 0.2% were C. pneumoniae. Seasonal variations in the rates of detection of the different organisms were observed, as was expected from the literature. The levels of concordance with the data obtained by commercially available enzyme immunoassays were 95% for RSV and 98% for influenza A. The results show that the multiplex RT-PCR–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a useful and rapid diagnostic tool for the management of children with ARI. Studies of the overall benefit of this method with regard to the use of antibiotics, the use of diagnostic procedures including additional microbiological tests, and hospitalization rate and duration are warranted.

Molecular epidemiology of rhinoviruses in Cyprus over three consecutive seasons

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 1876-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. RICHTER ◽  
E. NIKOLAOU ◽  
C. PANAYIOTOU ◽  
C. TRYFONOS ◽  
M. KOLIOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Viral Respiratory

SUMMARYHuman rhinoviruses (HRVs) are widespread respiratory pathogens and a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of rhinovirus infections in children in Cyprus over three consecutive winter seasons. From a total of 116 rhinovirus-positive samples, 68 were sequenced in the 5’-UTR and VP4/VP2 regions. Thirty-six (52·9%) samples were identified as HRV-A and 27 (39·7%) as HRV-C, with only five (7·4%) samples belonging to the HRV-B species. Of these, a total of 46 different genotypes were identified. In the VP2/VP4 phylogenetic tree all strains clustered in three different well-defined clades, whereas the 5’-UTR tree exhibited clades with a mixed clustering of HRV-A and HRV-C strains reflecting the evolutionary history of recombination between HRV-A and HRV-C that has been observed previously. In summary, a high intra- and inter-season diversity of HRV types was observed. Despite its geographical isolation the frequency of HRV species in Cyprus is comparable to that reported in other regions of the world supporting the concept of an unrestricted global circulation. This study assesses, for the first time, the epidemiology of rhinovirus infections in Cypriot children and will be helpful to clinicians and researchers interested in the treatment and control of viral respiratory tract infections.

Acute respiratory-tract infections and risk of first-time acute myocardial infarction

The Lancet ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 351 (9114) ◽  
pp. 1467-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph R Meier ◽  
Susan S Jick ◽  
Laura E Derby ◽  
Catherine Vasilakis ◽  
Hershel Jick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Time

scholarly journals BACTERIAL PROFILE, ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY AND RESISTANCE OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN UPPER EGYPT

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e2013056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal Agmy ◽  
Sherif Mohamed ◽  
Yaser Gad ◽  
Essam Farghally ◽  
Hamdy Mohammedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) account for a considerable proportion of morbidity and antibiotic use. We aimed to identify the causative bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of hospitalized adult patients due to LRTI in Upper Egypt. METHODS: A multicentre prospective study was performed at 3 University Hospitals for 3 years. Samples included sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for staining and culture, and serum for serology. Samples were cultured on 3 bacteriological media (Nutrient, Chocolate ,MacConkey's agars).Colonies were identified via MicroScan WalkAway-96. Pneumoslide IgM kit was used for detection of atypical pathogens via indirect immunofluorescent assay. RESULTS: The predominant isolates in 360 patients with CAP were S.pneumoniae (36%), C. pneumoniae (18%), and M. pneumoniae (12%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, macrolides, and cefepime. A higher of resistance was recorded for doxycycline, cephalosporins, and β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors. The predominant isolates in 318 patients with HAP were, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA (23%), K. pneumoniae (14%), and polymicrobial in 12%. A higher sensitivity was recorded for vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Very high resistance was recorded for β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors and cephalosporins. The predominant organisms in 376 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (AECOPD) were H. influnzae (30%), S. pneumoniae (25%), and M. catarrhalis(18%). A higher sensitivity was recorded for moxifloxacin, macrolides and cefepime. A higher rate of resistance was recorded for aminoglycosides and cephalosporinsCONCLUSIONS: The most predominant bacteria for CAP in Upper Egypt are S. pneumoniae and atypical organisms, while that for HAP are MRSA and Gram negative bacteria. For acute exacerbation of COPD,H.influnzae was the commonest organism. Respiratory quinolones, macrolides, and cefepime are the most efficient antibiotics in treatment of LRTI in our locality.

scholarly journals Human bocavirus found in children with lower respiratory tract infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Time

A new parvovirus which causes lower respiratory tract infections in children has been identified for the first time, and has provisionally been called human bocavirus

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