scholarly journals Genotyping of ESBL Producing UropathogenicEscherichia coliin West of Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Mohajeri ◽  
Gita Darfarin ◽  
Abbas Farahani
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Clonal Distribution ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Different Sources

Background and Objective.Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in the world. Molecular fingerprinting of UTI isolates such as pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis using for Clonal distribution and determine of predominant type. The aim of the study was to determine genotyping of ESBL producing UPECs.Material and Methods.200 UPEC isolates from outpatients with UTI were obtained. Antimicrobial susceptibility and interpretation were performed by disk diffusion. Virulence factors for UPECs were screened by using PCR. UPECs were analyzed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and images analyzed by Phoretix1DPro software.Results.A total of 200 isolates of UPECs, 24.5% (n=49) of isolates, were positive for ESBL production. Resistance ranged from 0% for amikacin and imipenem to over 93.9% for carbenicillin and ampicillin. Frequencies of haemagglutination, haemolysin, and hydrophobicity were 51%, 18.3%, and 14.28%, respectively. A total of 10 different genotypes were obtained, which include nine common clones and one single clone.Conclusion.We confirmed the prevalence of virulence phenotyping especially Haemagglutination among UPEC strains and that it can also contribute to virulence in these strains. Large diversity in genotypes was observed in the isolates that could be indicative of different sources of infection in community acquired.

scholarly journals High Incidence of Cefoxitin and Clindamycin Resistance among Anaerobes in Taiwan

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2908-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Jene Teng ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
Jui-Chang Tsai ◽  
Shwu-Jen Liaw ◽  
Shen-Wu Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT Susceptibilities to 16 antimicrobial agents were determined by measurement of MICs for 344 isolates of anaerobic bacteria recovered from patients with significant infections. Resistance rates varied among antimicrobial agents and the species tested. The β-lactams were more active in gram-positive than in gram-negative anaerobes. Resistance to meropenem was low (<1%). For β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors, piperacillin-tazobactam was most active for all species (resistance, <6%). The rates of resistance to cefoxitin (31 to 65%) and clindamycin (50 to 70%) for non-Bacteroides fragilis species of the B. fragilis group were higher than those for B. fragilis (4% resistant to cefoxitin and 33% resistant to clindamycin). Among members of B. fragilis group, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was the most resistant to clindamycin (70%) and cefoxitin (65%). Rates of susceptibility to imipenem and metronidazole for B. fragilis continue to be high compared to those from a previous study 10 years ago. However, resistance to metronidazole was found recently in five strains of B. fragilis. We analyzed the genetic relationships among the metronidazole-resistant B. fragilis strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The metronidazole-resistant B. fragilis strains showed genotypic heterogeneity, excluding the dissemination of a single clone.

Listeria monocytogenes From Farm to Fork in a Brazilian Pork Production Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANILO A. L. SILVA ◽  
CLARISSE V. BOTELHO ◽  
BRUNA T. F. MARTINS ◽  
RAFAELA M. TAVARES ◽  
ANDERSON C. CAMARGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Different Sources

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes contamination was assessed in different steps of a pork production chain. Ten lots of pigs were sampled at termination barns, at slaughter (after bleeding, after buckling, after evisceration, and after final washing), at processing (knives, deboning tables, and employees' hands), and of end products (ribs, shoulder, ham, and sausage). All samples (n = 670) were subjected to L. monocytogenes detection, and the obtained isolates (n = 18, identified as Listeria spp.) were characterized by their biochemical characteristics, serogroups, virulence genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles, antibiotic resistances (ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim), and adhesion abilities. The results revealed the low occurrence of Listeria spp. in the evaluated pork production chain. However, four tested sausage samples (40%) were positive for Listeria spp., with L. monocytogenes identified in two (20%) of these samples. Ten isolates were identified as L. monocytogenes (eight from serogroup 1/2a or 3a and two from serogroup 4b, 4d, or 4e): all isolates were also positive for the virulence-related genes hlyA, iap, plcA, actA, inlA, inlB, inlC, and inlJ and susceptible to the tested antibiotics. One sausage sample was contaminated by both serogroups 1/2a or 3a and 4b, 4d, or 4e. Isolates from serogroup 1/2a or 3a obtained during visits 5 and 6 presented distinct genetic profiles by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, indicating that contamination may come from different sources. The adhesion potential exhibited by Listeria spp. isolates (n = 18) ranged from weak (serogroup 4b, 4d, or 4e) to moderate (L. innocua and L. monocytogenes serogroup 1/2a or 3a). Despite the low occurrence of L. monocytogenes, pathogenic serogroups were detected in sausages, demanding control measures by the industry. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Coagulase gene variants associated with distinct populations of Staphylococcus aureus

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. CARTER ◽  
K. BEGBIE ◽  
F. M. THOMSON-CARTER
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clonal Distribution

An identifying characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus is the production of staphylocoagulase (coagulase). The aim of this study was to determine the clonal distribution of coagulase gene (coa) variants within populations of S. aureus defined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and protein A variation. The N-terminal region of the coa gene from 43 methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and 252 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) S. aureus human isolates and 9 animal S. aureus isolates was amplified and digested with HinfI. Twelve types were identified amongst the MSSA isolates and the majority (93%) of MRSA isolates were assigned to 5 of the 12 types. MLST and PFGE analysis identified epidemic populations of MRSA and each epidemic population was characterized by a different coagulase type. Nine of the 12 MLST-defined clonal complex ancestral genotypes recently described each carried a different coagulase type suggesting that coagulase evolution and the evolution of the clonal complexes are intimately related.

scholarly journals Local Genetic Patterns within a Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Clone Isolated in Three Hospitals in Portugal

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 3613-3617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Novais ◽  
Teresa M. Coque ◽  
João Carlos Sousa ◽  
Fernando Baquero ◽  
Luisa Peixe
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT Eight pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtypes and six Tn1546 variants were identified among Enterococcus faecalis isolates of a single clone recovered in three geographically separate Portuguese hospitals. Some clonal subtypes were found in particular hospitals, and Tn1546 variants were either widespread or confined to some of them. We also report on the first Tn1546 transposon containing an ISEf1 insertion.

scholarly journals Clonal Distribution of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Poland

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3532-3539 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Leski ◽  
D. Oliveira ◽  
K. Trzcinski ◽  
I. Santos Sanches ◽  
M. Aires de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clonal Distribution ◽  
Heterogeneous Expression

We report on a study of 158 methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates obtained from 1990 to 1996 in 18 different hospitals in Poland. All isolates were recovered from infection and carriage sites of patients, carriage sites of health care personnel, and hospital environment samples. Fifty-seven MRSA strains described here were studied previously and these were divided into two different clusters according to the degree of heterogeneity of methicillin resistance expression. The aim of this study was to extend the correlation between the two clusters and identify the clonal identities among all isolates by a combination of different methodologies: (i) analysis of mecA polymorphs and Tn554 insertion patterns and (ii) determination of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of chromosomalSmaI digests. Ninety-seven of 158 strains showed a heterogeneous expression of resistance to methicillin. Among these, 75 (77.3%) were ClaI-mecA type I,ClaI-Tn554 type NH (NH, no homology with transposon Tn554), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern A (I::NH::A); 10 isolates were III::B::M (10.3%); and the remaining clones included a few or single isolates. The isolates with homogeneous expression of resistance to methicillin (n = 61) were predominantly ClaI-mecA type III (49 of 61 [80.3%]) but had great variability in theirClaI-Tn554 and PFGE patterns. This study confirmed the existence of two main clusters of MRSA in Poland.

Monitoring of Chicken Houses and an Attached Egg-Processing Facility in a Laying Farm for Salmonella Contamination between 1994 and 1998

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1912-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOSHIYUKI MURASE ◽  
KAZUKO SENJYU ◽  
TAKESHI MAEDA ◽  
MASAYUKI TANAKA ◽  
HIROSHI SAKAE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Pfge Pattern ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Single Clone

Two chicken houses and an attached egg-processing facility in a laying farm were sampled between 1994 and 1998 to investigate Salmonella contamination. Each of the houses was environmentally controlled and fitted with egg belts that transported eggs from the houses to the egg-processing facility. Four hundred twenty-eight Salmonella isolates were obtained from 904 environmental samples collected from the houses. Two hundred fifty-two of the 428 (58.9%) isolates yielded five serotypes as follows: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Livingstone, Salmonella serovar Cerro, Salmonella serovar Montevideo, Salmonella serovar Mbandaka, and Salmonella serovar Corvallis. The remaining (41.1%, 176 of 428) isolates included four other serotypes and isolates that were untypeable. Salmonella isolates obtained from the drain water collected after the washing of the eggs in the egg-processing facility yielded the same serotypes as those found in the chicken houses. Strains having an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern were continually recovered from a house for more than 1 year. Several strains of Salmonella Cerro, Salmonella Mbandaka, and Salmonella Montevideo obtained from both the houses and from the egg-processing facility were indistinguishable by PFGE, respectively. These results suggest that Salmonella organisms originating from a single clone colonized the chicken houses and that the egg belts are likely to be one of the means by which Salmonella organisms are spread from one house to the others.

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