scholarly journals HIV/AIDS Awareness among VCT Clients: A Cross-Sectional Study from Delhi, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Mehra ◽  
Sonali Bhattar ◽  
Preena Bhalla ◽  
Deepti Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Aids Awareness ◽  
Hiv Awareness ◽  
Voluntary Counselling And Testing ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Hiv Aids

The contribution of India to the global burden of HIV/AIDS is significant. A major barrier that the country has faced in its battle against this disease is the inadequate and inaccurate information about it among the population. The present analysis explores the knowledge about HIV/AIDS among clients attending a voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) facility in India. Two hundred clients attending the VCT facility were assessed in this regard using a structured predesigned questionnaire. Sixty-three (31.5%) of the respondents had never heard of HIV/AIDS. In comparison to males, a significantly higher number of females had not heard about the disease (P<0.01). Lower levels of education of participants were found to be significantly associated with the response of not having heard of HIV/AIDS (P<0.01) as was an occupation status of being an unemployed man/housewife (P=0.002). For the 137 (68.5%) respondents who had heard about HIV/AIDS, television was the source of information in 130 (94.9%) followed by posters in 93 (67.9%) and newspapers in 88 (64.2%). While the knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention was good, the extent of misconceptions was high (61.8%). Our study highlights the strong need to raise the levels of HIV awareness among Indian population.

scholarly journals Demographic Features of Identified PLWHA Infected through Commercial and Nonmarital Noncommercial Heterosexual Contact in China from 2015 – 2018: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilong Dong ◽  
Liying Ma ◽  
Chang Cai ◽  
George Fu Gao ◽  
Fan Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background:Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods:Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest.Results:Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P<0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11004.00 (2017), 12836.00(2018), all P < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P<0.0001).Conclusions:We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

scholarly journals Italian adolescents and sexual health: what has changed during the last 20 years?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kundisova ◽  
N Nante ◽  
C Lorenzini ◽  
V Valeri ◽  
G Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Aids Awareness ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Background In the majority of European countries, sex education is mandatory, but Italy is still an exception. Despite sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are believed to be less common today, long-time “forgotten” disease, as syphilis, are returning. The aims of study are i) to examine the knowledge and perceptions of adolescents regarding sex education and STD and ii) to compare our results with Italian national survey. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 middle schools in Siena (Italy) during May-June 2018. Data were anonymous collected using a validate questionnaire previously adopted by the Italian National Institute of Health (NIH). The results were compared with the national survey realized in 1998 by NIH. The analysis was performed using Stata 12. Results From 691 questionnaires, 540 returned fulfilled (78% response rate). The majority (95%) of respondents considered sex education “important” and thought it should be guaranteed by the school; 48% described information received so far as “sufficient”, 40% as “adequate”. “School” was indicated as the principal source of information (44%), instead of “friends” which resulted in 1998. The respondents were asked to choose from the list the STDs they knew: 96% indicated “AIDS”, 62% “syphilis”, 38% “HBV” and 36% “gonorrhoea”. In comparison to 1998, knowledge of syphilis has decresed (2018:17% vs. 1998:62%) and HBV (2018:38% vs. 1998:58%). Regarding STD, the “mass media” were cited as the principal source of information (56%), followed by “school” (41%) and “General Practitioner” (20%). Conclusions In comparison to 1998 sex education in Italian schools improved, but the knowledge of adolescents regarding the STD worsened. This result can be attributed to the fact that the survey of 1998 was realized during the years when the AIDS awareness was higher. It is necessary to further improve the sex education in Italy in order to prevent STDs. Key messages The “forgotten” sexually transmitted diseases are becoming common again, the adequate sex education in schools is necessary to prevent them. In confrontation to 1998, the sex education in Italian schools improved, but the knowledge of adolescents regarding the STD worsened.

scholarly journals Knowledge, awareness and use of HIV services among the youth from nomadic and agricultural communities in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
E. Ngadaya ◽  
G. Kimaro ◽  
A. Kahwa ◽  
N. P. Mnyambwa ◽  
E. Shemaghembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Services ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: Nomadic life not only prevents the community from accessing and utilising HIV services but also deters them from obtaining reliable information on HIV.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of youth aged 10–24 years from the Kilindi and Ngorongoro Districts in Tanzania to assess knowledge, accessibility and utilisation of HIV/AIDS services among nomadic and agricultural youths.RESULTS: Of 518 youths interviewed, 279 (53.9%) were males, and 276 (53.3%) were from agricultural communities. A significant proportion of youths from agricultural communities had correct knowledge of AIDS (n = 126, 45.8%; P = 0.002), HIV transmission (n = 273, 98.9%; P = 0.001) and comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (n = 78, 28.5%; P = 0.009) compared to nomads. Youths from agricultural communities were two times (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6) more likely to be aware of the availability of formal HIV services. Awareness of the availability of HIV services was higher among married individuals than in unmarried ones (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.0–7.4), and significantly higher among youths with secondary/college education than in those who did not have formal education (OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.3–12.4). The uptake of HIV services was lower among nomadic youths.CONCLUSION: Knowledge, awareness and utilisation of HIV/AIDS transmission services were low in general, and even lower among nomadic youths, calling for more targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Patients’ Awareness toward Implant-supported Prosthesis: An Observational Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
C Mahendra Raju ◽  
Sumanth Gunupati ◽  
Madisetty Mahesh Babu ◽  
C Sameer Kumar Reddy ◽  
Sukrutha Biradavolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
High Predictability ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Introduction Implant-supported prosthesis has high predictability and success and improves quality of life. This study aims at assessing awareness among the patients regarding implantsupported prosthesis. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 391 study participants. A structured questionnaire was distributed to assess implant-related awareness among the study participants. The questionnaires were analyzed for the responses. Results Among the 391 respondents, 37.5% of the respondents reported having moderate knowledge regarding the tooth replacement options. Nearly 50% considered implants as a viable treatment option. The majority of them enlisted the dentist as the major source of information regarding implants, and media had a share of about 7.03% only. High cost was a major barrier in selecting implants as a treatment option. Conclusion This survey showed that awareness among people was low regarding the dental implants. Efforts need to be directed to increase the awareness levels by utilizing media as a tool to achieve the target. Clinical significance A patient who is aware of the advantages of the implant-supported dentures will make an informed decision for better functional stability and retention of the denture, especially in the mandibular arch. How to cite this article Raju CM, Gunupati S, Babu MM, Reddy CSK, Biradavolu S, Saravanan M. Patients’ Awareness toward Implant-supported Prosthesis: An Observational Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(1):49-51.

scholarly journals Awareness and Misconception about HIV/AIDS Transmission among Selected Bangladesh Army Troops

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-182
Author(s):  
Syed Naufel Mahmud ◽  
SM Nurul Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: AIDS is a fatal illness that breaks down the body’s immune system, leaving the victim vulnerable to lifethreatening opportunistic infections, neurological disorders or unusual malignancies, having no effective treatment till now. Objectives: To assess the awareness and misconception about the transmission of HIV/AIDS among the troops of Bangladesh Army. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2011 to December 2011 among purposively selected 125 troops of various Army units of Dhaka Cantonment, Bangladesh. Data were collected by face-to-face interview by pretested structured questionnaire and analyzed by software SPSS version 17.0. Results: Among the 125 respondents, most (92%) of them were aware of the transmission of HIV/AIDS and having no significant misconception of its transmission. No association has been found between knowledge of HIV transmission and type of occupation. Conclusion: Most of the troops of the Bangladesh Army were aware of the transmission of HIV/AIDS and misconception among them was very less. The authority should continue thus status for the betterment of the country. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 180-182

scholarly journals Demographic features of identified PLWHA infected through commercial and nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact in China from 2015 to 2018: a retrospective cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilong Dong ◽  
Liying Ma ◽  
Chang Cai ◽  
George Fu Gao ◽  
Fan Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Methods Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest. Results Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P < 0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11,004.00 (2017), 12,836.00(2018), all P < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P < 0.0001). Conclusions We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

scholarly journals A study to assess awareness about HIV/AIDS among rural population of central India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Shailesh K. Kawale ◽  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Prafulla P. Thaware ◽  
Atul D. Mohankar
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Mosquito Bite ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS depends on general knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS. So the present study was conducted with the aim to assess knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices regarding HIV infection and AIDS among rural peoples.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among peoples age more than 15 years in a villages which comes under field practice area of rural health training centre (RHTC) of our medical college. Total 396 individuals were interviewed during March 2015 to April 2015 by using predesigned and pretested questionnaire after taking written informed consent.Results: 71.5% knows uninfected faithful partner and 82.1% thinks use of condom will prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS to their partners. 46.7% thinks mosquito bite, 37.6% thinks sharing food transmit HIV/AIDS. 83.1% knows pregnancy and 79.3% knows breastfeeding transmit HIV to their children. 61.1% willing for not to keep HIV status secret, 81.6% willing to take care of relatives having HIV, 88.6% allow HIV positive teachers to continue teaching and 68.4% will buy vegetables from HIV positive shopkeeper. 36.8% knows nearby place where condoms are available and 49.7% knows nearby place for HIV testing.Conclusions:People have good knowledge about HIV transmission i.e. faithful partner, condom use, pregnancy and breast feeding. Still some misconceptions need to be address regarding mosquito bite and sharing food with person having HIV/AIDS. Participants have poor knowledge about nearby availability of services related to HIV/AIDS. 

scholarly journals Demographic Features of Identified PLWHA Infected through Commercial and Nonmarital Noncommercial Heterosexual Contact in China from 2015–2018: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilong Dong ◽  
Liying Ma ◽  
Chang Cai ◽  
George Fu Gao ◽  
Fan Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background:Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods:Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest.Results:Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. Those who were infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than people infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P<0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. During the study years, the average age of the two groups increased annually. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 test, P<0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 test, P<0.0001), and the married proportion of NMNCHC increased from 49.1% (2015) to 51.02% (2018). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P<0.0001).Conclusions:We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Trend of HIV/AIDs in Yazd, a province in the center of Iran, 2011-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Lotfi ◽  
Mohammad Khajeh ◽  
Marjan Pedarzadeh ◽  
Majid Jafarzadeh ◽  
AliReza Pourmazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Case ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: The first case of HIV-infection in Iran was a hemophilic child who was infected by imported blood products in 1989. Since then, the HIV epidemic in Iran has undergone significant changes. This study investigated the time variations of the epidemiology of reported HIV/AIDS -infections during 2011-2017 in Yazd, Iran. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using the data recorded in health centers of Yazd province from 2011 to 2017. The data were collected from the records of 98 patients using a researcher-made checklist. The rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS by gender per 100,000 people was calculated. Results: Out of 98 reported HIV/AIDS cases, 56.1% were men, and 43.9% were women; 55.1% of cases were infected through sexual contact, 30.6% through the infected needle while injecting for drug use, 1.6% through mother-to-fetus transmission, 1.3% through tattooing, and 5.1% through the unspecified mechanism. During these years the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Yazd was declining, and the predominant mode of HIV transmission was through sexual contact. Conclusion: Although the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS -infection in Yazd province has decreased, we believe that the primary mode of HIV transmission has shifted from drug injection to unsafe sex.   Keywords: HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Epidemiology, Iran, Yazd

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