scholarly journals New Trends in Energy Harvesting from Earth Long-Wave Infrared Emission

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Mescia ◽  
Alessandro Massaro
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Long Wave Infrared

A review, even if not exhaustive, on the current technologies able to harvest energy from Earth’s thermal infrared emission is reported. In particular, we discuss the role of the rectenna system on transforming the thermal energy, provided by the Sun and reemitted from the Earth, in electricity. The operating principles, efficiency limits, system design considerations, and possible technological implementations are illustrated. Peculiar features of THz and IR antennas, such as physical properties and antenna parameters, are provided. Moreover, some design guidelines for isolated antenna, rectifying diode, and antenna coupled to rectifying diode are exploited.

The Role of Chlorine in Stratospheric Chemistry

1996 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1749-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Plastic Foam ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Stratospheric Chemistry ◽  
Blowing Agents ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone Layer ◽  
The Earth

The chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are industrialchemicals used as solvents, refrigerants, plastic foam blowing agents,etc. These compounds are eventually released to the environment; theyslowly drift into the stratosphere, where they decompose, initiatinga catalytic process involving chlorine free radicals and leading toozone destruction. The stratospheric ozone layer is important for theearth's energy budget, and it shields the surface of the earth fromultraviolet radiation from the sun. Very significant depletion of theozone layer has been observed in the spring months over Antarctica duringthe last 10-15 years. Laboratory experiments, model calculations andfield measurements, which include several aircraft expeditions, haveyielded a wealth of information which clearly points to the CFCs asthe main cause of this depletion.

Earth Long-Wave Infrared Emission, New Ways to Harvest Energy

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Luciano Mescia ◽  
Pietro Bia ◽  
Onofrio Losito
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Long Wave Infrared ◽  
Thz Antennas

This chapter summarizes the physical properties of THz antennas, provides a summary of some of the most important recent developments in the field of energy harvesting of Earth long-wave infrared radiation, discusses the potential applications and identifies the future challenges and opportunities. In particular, a THz antenna is designed in order to transform the thermal energy, provided by the Sun and re-emitted from the Earth, in electricity. The proposed antenna is a square spiral of gold printed on a low cost dielectric substrate. Simulations have been conducted in order to investigate the behavior of the antenna illuminated by a circularly polarized plane wave with an amplitude chosen according to the Stefan-Boltzmann radiation law. Moreover, these THz antennas could be coupled with other components to obtain direct rectification of T radiation. As a consequence, these structures further optimized could be a promising alternative to the conventional photovoltaic solar cells.

Likely effects of standing and lying on the radiating heat load experienced by a resting kangaroo on a summer day

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Radiation Heat ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Open Country ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Long Wave Infrared

A study was carried out to examine the effect of posture (standing or lying) on the radiation heat load which would be experienced by a kangaroo resting under a small desert tree during a summer day. Measurements were made to assess the temperature and radiation characteristics in three situations judged to be equivalent to the following: (1) a kangaroo standing in the sun in open country; (2) an animal standing in the shade of a small tree; (3) an animal lying in the same shade. The overall pattern of results was shown by the effective radiation temperature measurements made at midday: 78.3, 57.6, and 52.5C for positions (I), (2), and (3) respectively. The relative contributions of solar and long-wave infrared radiation to the pattern of results are discussed.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Basanti Jain
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
The World ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Ionizing Radiations ◽  
Long Wave Infrared

The abnormal increase in the concentration of the greenhouse gases is resulting in higher temperatures. We call this effect is global warming. The average temperature around the world has increased about 1'c over 140 years, 75% of this has risen just over the past 30 years. The solar radiation, as it reaches the earth, produces "greenhouse effect" in the atmosphere. The thick atmospheric layers over the earth behaves as a glass surface, as it permits short wave radiations from coming in, but checks the outgoing long wave ones. As a result, gradually the atmosphere gets heated up during the day as well as night. If such an effect were not there in the atmosphere the ultraviolet, infrared and other ionizing radiations would have also entered our atmosphere and the very existence of life would have been endangered. The ozone layer shields the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiations. The warm earth emits long wave (infrared)   radiations, which is partly absorbed by the green house gaseous blanket. This atmospheric blanket raises the earth’s temperature.

Earth Long-Wave Infrared Emission, New Ways to Harvest Energy

2017 ◽  
pp. 1875-1899
Author(s):  
Luciano Mescia ◽  
Pietro Bia ◽  
Onofrio Losito
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Long Wave Infrared ◽  
Thz Antennas

This chapter summarizes the physical properties of THz antennas, provides a summary of some of the most important recent developments in the field of energy harvesting of Earth long-wave infrared radiation, discusses the potential applications and identifies the future challenges and opportunities. In particular, a THz antenna is designed in order to transform the thermal energy, provided by the Sun and re-emitted from the Earth, in electricity. The proposed antenna is a square spiral of gold printed on a low cost dielectric substrate. Simulations have been conducted in order to investigate the behavior of the antenna illuminated by a circularly polarized plane wave with an amplitude chosen according to the Stefan-Boltzmann radiation law. Moreover, these THz antennas could be coupled with other components to obtain direct rectification of T radiation. As a consequence, these structures further optimized could be a promising alternative to the conventional photovoltaic solar cells.

scholarly journals ROLE OF HEMANT RITU (EARLY WINTER) FOR MAINTEINANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF BALA (STRENGTH)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-832
Author(s):  
Shilpa Kachhawaha ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Dinesh Chandra Sharma
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Heating Effect ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
The World

Seasons (Ritus) are the inherent global earth clock and the rhythm of the world. As per Ayurveda year is divided into six seasons, in which three season Shishira, Vasanta and Greeshma are known as Aadanakala . Other three seasons Varsha, Sharad and Hemanta are said to be Visargakala. In Visarga kala, as the Sun is located in southwards position, its heat reduces or slows down due to the effect of time and its position with respect to the Earth, wind, cloud and rain. The power of the Moon is predominant. Rainwater decreases the heating effect of nature. All of these lead to the predominance of non- dryunctuous, amla (sour), lavana (salty), and madhura (sweet) rasa respectively and step by step rise of body strength in human beings during these three seasons. Out of all the Ritus, Hemanta Ritu is a unique Ritu in terms of having uttam bala. Falling in Dakshinayana, moon is very powerful than sun, Madhur rasa is predominant in this Ritu, so the strength (Bala) of person enhances during this period. This article focuses to disclose thorough review of literature of Hemant ritucharya and its implication towards maintenance and enhancement of Uttam Bala. In Ayurveda oja, veerya, prana, kapha etc terms are considered as synonyms of Bala. Besides prakruti(genetic), sara(physiological) and aahar(diet), kala (season) is one of the prime factors to govern the Bala of the person. Bala stands for the strength of the body in terms of physical, mental, immunological and resistance to the body, the word Bala is being used in different contexts to denote various aspects accordingly. Keywords: Visarga kala, Hemant ritu, Bala

The Dark Side of the Moon

2020 ◽  
pp. 279-298
Author(s):  
Emma Gee
Keyword(s):  
World System ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Universe

This chapter brings us from Plato to a second-century CE reception of his dialogues, in the work of Plutarch. It concentrates on one dialogue of Plutarch, the De facie in orbe lunae (On the Face in the Moon’s Disc). In the myth that concludes this dialogue, the speaker, Sulla, references Homer’s Elysium from Odyssey 4. But Sulla lifts the Homeric Elysium from “the ends of the earth,” up a level, so that it is situated in the moon. This sets the scene for the rest of Plutarch’s eschatological myth, in which Elysium is repositioned as part of an ascending world-system. Cosmos in Plutarch is the theater for soul. Soul and cosmos in Plutarch are bound up in a sequence of functional interrelationships. Plutarch’s tripartite cosmos functions like the human entity and in fact is the physical area of operation in the life and death of the human entity. There is a truly intertwined relationship between the tripartite human entity and the tripartite cosmos: a three-stage cosmos gives a three-stage cycle of death to life and back, from the sun to the moon to the earth, over and over again. Plutarch’s whole cosmos takes on the role of an afterlife landscape. The De facie gives us the clearest instance we’ve yet seen of the phenomenon of psychic harmonization, in which the soul is entirely integrated with the universe.

System design process for refractive simultaneous short and long wave infrared imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Herman ◽  
Amber Czajkowski ◽  
Daniel Stroschine ◽  
Scott Sparrold
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Long Wave Infrared
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