scholarly journals Cavernous Angioma of the Corpus Callosum Presenting with Acute Psychosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Giacomo Pavesi ◽  
Francesco Causin ◽  
Alberto Feletti
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cavernous Angioma ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Developmental Defect ◽  
Acute Psychosis

Psychiatric symptoms may occasionally be related to anatomic alterations of brain structures. Particularly, corpus callosum lesions seem to play a role in the change of patients’ behavior. We present a case of a sudden psychotic attack presumably due to a hemorrhagic cavernous angioma of the corpus callosum, which was surgically removed with complete resolution of symptoms. Although a developmental defect like agenesis or lipoma is present in the majority of these cases, a growing lesion of the corpus callosum can rarely be the primary cause. Since it is potentially possible to cure these patients, clinicians should be aware of this association.

scholarly journals Mild encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-828
Author(s):  
Fettah Eren ◽  
Gokhan Ozdemir ◽  
Omer Faruk Ildiz ◽  
Dilek Ergun ◽  
Serefnur Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Splenial Lesion ◽  
Reversible Lesion

Mild encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is characterized with a reversible lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. It has been defined as a neuro-radiologic syndrome associated with viral infections. In addition, this lesion may related with epileptic seizures, antiepileptic drugs or metabolic disturbances. We presented a patient with MERS associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Encephalopathy and psychiatric symptoms were the major initial clinical symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed complete resolution of the corpus callosum lesion. The symptoms of patient recovered completely. Complete resolution of corpus callosum lesion and recovery of encephalopathy associated with SARS-COV-2 were similar to previous cases.

scholarly journals Management of Traumatic Ulcerations of Lips in a Case of Huntington’s Disease: A Novel Application of Essix Retainer

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110234
Author(s):  
Mohamed Iqbal J
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms

Huntington’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. Dystonia of muscles is a characteristic feature of this condition. A case of Huntington’s disease, with orofacial dystonia, leading to severe uncontrolled biting of the lips, was referred by the Department of Neurology. Deep traumatic ulcerations were found in both upper and lower lips. A simple Essix retainer was fabricated and inserted, which acted as a barrier for the teeth from injuring the lips. The ulcers showed complete resolution in 3 to 4 weeks. The vacuum-formed retainers resulted in a good fit and resisted removal by the uncontrolled contortions of the orofacial muscles. The Essix retainer can be effectively used in improving the quality of life of patients, with Huntington’s disease, having such dystonia-related injuries to lips.

scholarly journals 335 - BEHÇET DISEASE PRESENTING WITH ACUTE PSYCHOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
A.M. Carvalheiro ◽  
A.R. Fonseca ◽  
J. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Behçet Disease ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Behcet Disease ◽  
Persecutory Delusions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

ObjectivesUsing as a starting point a clinical case, the authors performed a literature review to clarify the relationship between Behçet disease and acute psychosis.MethodsAnalysis of the patient's clinical process and brief review of the latest available literature on the subject, published in PubMed/Medline databases.ResultsMale patient, 55 years old, brought to the emergency room by fever, headache, hetero-aggressive behavior, disinhibited behavior, mood swings, euphoria, persecutory delusions and insomnia, in the last 4 days. He had no insight into his illness. There was no personal or family history of psychiatric illness and toxicological habits were irrelevant. Due to the personal history of posterior uveitis with bilateral macular edema, retinal vasculitis, genital aphthosis, papulo-vesicular lesions and recurrent bipolar aphthosis, the hypothesis of neuro-behçet was raised.ConclusionsBehçet's disease can present with neurological involvement - neuro -behçet - and can manifest itself with several psychiatric symptoms (euphoria, lack of insight, disinhibited behavior, agitation or psychomotor retardation, persecutory delusions, obsessive thoughts, anxiety, depression, insomnia or memory changes). Fever and headache usually appear in the prodromal stage and can be signs of onset or recurrence of the disease. The prevalence of neuro-behçet ranges from 2 to 50% and usually occurs 1 to 10 years after the first symptoms of the disease. Since it appears as the first manifestation of the disease in only 3% of cases, it is difficult to diagnose. The literature suggests that symptoms are generally resistant to treatment with conventional psychotropic drugs and so it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality.”

scholarly journals MON-252 Pituitary Tumor Apoplexy Presenting with Acute Psychosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mercedes Pineyro ◽  
Patrica Agüero ◽  
Florencia Irazusta ◽  
Claudia Brun ◽  
Paula Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Pituitary Tumor ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Sellar Mass ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pituitary Tumor Apoplexy

Abstract Background: Pituitary tumors (PT) can present with neuropsychiatric symptoms. It has been associated with hormonal changes, as well as extension of the tumor to the diencephalon. Psychopathology has been reported in up to 83% in Cushing Disease (CD) and 35% in acromegaly (ACR). Psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety and psychosis) have been reported up to 77% in CD and 63% in ACR. We present a rare case of a patient presenting with acute psychosis and a PT apoplexy. Case: A 27 year-old Caucasian female with a PMH of primary hypothyroidism presented with a 15-day history of delusions. She had delusional ideas on the subject of harm and prejudice, persecutory and mystical-religious. The mechanism was mainly intuitive and interpretive with false acknowledgments. She also had sleep disturbance, death ideation and subacute alteration of consciousness. There was no history of substance abuse or psychiatric disorders. She did not report headaches, visual disturbances, symptoms of hormone hypersecretion or hypopituitarism. She had regular menses on BCP. She had no family history of mental illnesses. Physical exam revealed reluctance, latency in responses and bradypsychia. She did not have acromegalic or cushingoid features. She was diagnosed with acute psychosis with atypical features so a brain CT was performed, which showed a sellar mass. Pituitary MRI revealed a sellar mass measuring 15x12x13 mm, with suprasellar extension, optic chiasm compression, hyperintense on T1- and hypointense on T2-weighted imaging compatible with subacute hemorrhage. She was treated with neuroleptics and benzodiazepines. Lab work revealed high prolactin (PRL) (114ng/dl), and normal 8 AM cortisol, FT4, LH, FSH and IGF-1 levels. Repeated PRL was 31,6 ng/dl after changing psychiatric treatment to aripiprazole. Her psychiatric symptoms improved. We postulate a diagnosis of PT apoplexy that presented with acute psychosis. In relation to the nature of the PT we postulate a non functioning pituitary adenoma (NFA) or a partial resolution of a prolactinoma after apoplexy. A follow up MRI is pending. Discussion: Infrequently, psychiatric symptoms may be the primary manifestation of brain tumors. Patients with PT have been reported to have altered quality of life, reduced coping strategies, increased prevalence of psychopathological alterations and maladaptive personality disorders. In addition, they can present with psychotic symptoms, mostly reported with hormone excess (GH and cortisol). Psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and neurosis have been reported in NFA and prolactinomas. However, it is not clear a higher prevalence of psychiatric illnesses in these tumors. To our knowledge this is the first case of a pituitary tumor apoplexy presenting with acute psychosis. Conclusion: Psychiatric symptoms can be the first manifestation of PT, so atypical presentations should warrant further workup with brain imaging.

scholarly journals Acute psychosis in glycogen storage disease: a rare but severe complication

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e222307
Author(s):  
Thomas Frederick Dunne ◽  
Tarekegn Geberhiwot ◽  
Rowena Jones
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Storage Disease ◽  
Storage Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Glycogen Storage Disease Type ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Opiate Use ◽  
Inherited Metabolic Disorders

Glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD-1) is a group of inherited metabolic disorders characterised by the inability to use intracellular glucose stores. It is associated with a high risk of hypoglycaemia, as well as long-term complications including growth retardation, hepatocellular adenomas, renal disease, hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperuricaemia. Treatment involves slow absorption carbohydrates, for example, cornstarch. We present a case of acute psychosis in a patient with GSD-1a. This was initially attributed to his opiate use. Later in his management an MRI scan of his head was performed which revealed regions of brain atrophy following significant hypoglycaemic insult, thus identifying an organic cause of his psychosis. This case presents a rare complication of glycogen storage disease: organic psychosis attributable to cortical atrophy from profound hypoglycaemic insult. It emphasises the importance of investigating organic causes of psychiatric symptoms.

scholarly journals Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: Higher Suspicious Needed for Earlier Diagnosis (Case Report, Literature Review and Diagnostic Criteria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Chanaka Amugoda ◽  
Noushin Chini Foroush ◽  
Hamed Akhlaghi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽  
Immune Mediated

Background. Auto-immune mediated anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a very common delayed diagnosed encephalitis which predominately affecting young population. Objectives. This encephalitis is relatively unknown amongst emergency physicians and a majority of patients are admitted to psychiatric wards before their diagnosis is confirmed and appropriate treatments are commenced. We reported a case of a 22-year-old female presented to our emergency department with acute psychiatric symptoms. She was initially diagnosed with first presentation of acute psychosis and was hospitalised under mental health act. further assessment in the emergency department identified possible an organic cause for her acute psychosis and she was later admitted under medical team after her mental health assessment order was revoke. Several days later, her CSF result was positive with anti-NMDA receptor anti-bodies. Appropriate treatments were instituted leading to her full recovery. Conclusion. This case was the first confirmed anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in our emergency department. It highlights the importance of thorough assessment of psychiatric presentations to emergency departments and consideration of auto-immune medicated encephalitis as one of the differential diagnosis in young patients presenting with first acute psychotic episode.

scholarly journals Cavernous Angioma of the Corpus Callosum Mimicking an Astrocytic Tumor. Case Report.

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 349-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichi HARADA ◽  
Maki NIIMI ◽  
Kenichi MURAKAMI ◽  
Tsuneo NAKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Cavernous Angioma ◽  
Astrocytic Tumor

Mid-sagittal anatomy in late-onset schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
PERMINDER S. SACHDEV ◽  
HENRY BRODATY
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Independent Replication ◽  
And Gender

Background. Of the midline brain structures, abnormalities have been demonstrated in the corpus callosum and cerebellum in young schizophrenic patients. Whether similar abnormalities are also present in late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) is not known.Methods. The mid-sagittal cross-sectional areas of brain regions, in particular the corpus callosum and cerebellum, on magnetic resonance imaging were examined in a group of patients with late-onset schizophrenia (N=25) and contrasted with two comparison groups – early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) (N=2524) and healthy volunteers (NC) (N=2530) matched for age and gender.Results. While the mean corpus callosum area in the LOS group was smaller than in the EOS (by 10·2%) and NC (by 6·2%) groups, the three groups did not differ statistically in the corpus callosum area or the corpus callosum to cerebrum ratios. The cross-sectional cerebellar areas or the cerebellum: cerebrum ratios also did not differ across the groups. The brainstem was smaller in the schizophrenic groups because of smaller cross-sectional areas of the pons, a statistically significant difference which could not be accounted for by any gross lesions on visual inspection.Conclusion. We found no abnormality in the mid-sagittal area of the corpus callosum and cerebellum in our early- or late-onset schizophrenia subjects. The significance of the finding of a smaller pontine cross-sectional area is unclear and speculation on it awaits independent replication using a volumetric measure.

scholarly journals Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Presenting as an Acute Psychotic Episode in a Young Woman: An Underdiagnosed yet Treatable Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikma Keller ◽  
Pablo Roitman ◽  
Tamir Ben-Hur ◽  
Omer Bonne ◽  
Amit Lotan
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Ovarian Teratoma ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis

Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a recently identified autoimmune disorder with prominent psychiatric symptoms. Patients usually present with acute behavioral change, psychosis, catatonic symptoms, memory deficits, seizures, dyskinesias, and autonomic instability. In female patients an ovarian teratoma is often identified. We describe a 32-year-old woman who presented with acute psychosis. Shortly after admission, she developed generalized seizures and deteriorated into a catatonic state. Although ancillary tests including MRI, electroencephalogram, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were unremarkable, the presentation of acute psychosis in combination with recurrent seizures and a relentless course suggested autoimmune encephalitis. The patient underwent pelvic ultrasound which disclosed a dermoid cyst and which led to an urgent cystectomy. Plasmapheresis was then initiated, yielding partial response over the next two weeks. Following the detection of high titers of anti-NMDAR antibodies in the CSF, the patient ultimately received second line immunosuppressive treatment with rituximab. Over several months of cognitive rehabilitation a profound improvement was eventually noted, although minor anterograde memory deficits remained. In this report we call for attention to the inclusion of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the differential diagnosis of acute psychosis. Prompt diagnosis is critical as early immunotherapy and tumor removal could dramatically affect outcomes.

scholarly journals Acute Psychosis Associated with Septo-Optic Dysplasia (De Morsier Syndrome)

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Dharmendra K Goyal ◽  
Ashish Singal ◽  
Amandeep Goyal ◽  
Gauravjot Sandhu
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Limbic Structures ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbances ◽  
De Morsier Syndrome ◽  
Variable Combination

Background: Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), a variable combination of abnormalities of cerebral midline structures, is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Psychiatric symptoms in SOD were implicated in one case due to abnormal regulation of neuroendocrine structures.Objective: Discussion of a case of SOD associated with psychosis and depression, exploring the role of anatomical and endocrine abnormalities in producing psychiatric symptoms.Methods: Literature was reviewed on the PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science. One case of SOD with psychosis was reported in 2008.Conclusions: Disruption of complex neural pathways, including the septum pellucidum and other limbic structures may have been involved in the psychiatric disturbances in this case. Further reporting of similar cases is needed for more understanding of these associations.

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