scholarly journals Exercise Training Could Improve Age-Related Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow and Capillary Vascularity through the Upregulation of VEGF and eNOS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheepsumon Viboolvorakul ◽  
Suthiluk Patumraj
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training on age-induced microvascular alterations in the brain. Additionally, the association with the protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was also assessed. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary-young (SE-Young,n=5), sedentary aged (SE-Aged,n=8), immersed-aged (IM-Aged,n=5), and exercise trained-aged (ET-Aged, 60 minutes/day and 5 days/week for 8 weeks,n=8) rats. The MAPs of all aged groups, SE-Aged, IM-Aged, and ET-Aged, were significantly higher than that of the SE-Young group. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the SE-Aged and IM-Aged was significantly decreased as compared to SE-Young groups. However, rCBF of ET-Aged group was significantly higher than that in the IM-Aged group (P<0.05). Moreover, the percentage of capillary vascularity (%CV) and the levels of VEGF and eNOS in the ET-Aged group were significantly increased compared to the IM-Aged group (P<0.05). These results imply that exercise training could improve age-induced microvascular changes and hypoperfusion closely associated with the upregulation of VEGF and eNOS.

scholarly journals Exercise improves aging-related decreased angiogenesis through modulating VEGF-A, TSP-1 and p-NF-Ƙb protein levels in myocardiocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Bagher Pourheydar ◽  
Abdolrahman Biabanghard ◽  
Reza Azari ◽  
Naser Khalaji ◽  
Leila Chodari
Keyword(s):  
Young Group ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Introduction: Aging-dependent decline in the angiogenesis of heart is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study was aimed to characterize effect of exercise on angiogenesis alterations and molecular mediators which are related to angiogenesis in the heart under aging condition. Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were assigned into three groups: young, aged, and exercise. Aged animals in the exercise group run on treadmill for 8 weeks. At the end, heart samples were collected and used for histological evaluation , determination of angiogenesis by immunostaining for PECAM-1/ CD31 and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels by ELISA. P<0.05 is considered as statistically significant. Results: Our results showed that angiogenesis, and VEGF-A levels were significantly decreased, TSP1 (P>0.0001) and p-NF-κB (P>0.001) levels were significantly increased in the heart of aged group compared to young group. Exercise group showed significant increase in angiogenesis, VEGF-A (P>0.0001), and p-NF-κB (P>0.001) and showed significant decrease in TSP-1 levels (P>0.001) compared to aged group. Moreover, compared to the young group, aged group showed histological changes in the heart, such as interstitial edema, and congestion, whereas, treatment with exercise improved these undesirable changes in the heart of exercise groups. Conclusion: These findings indicated that aging-related decrease in angiogenesis in the heart may mediated by downexpression of VEGF-A and overexpression of TSP-1 proteins. Also, we showed that p-NF-κB protein was increased in the heart of aged rats, this probably mediated by compensatory mechanism. It was also showed that exercise as novel non-pharmacological therapy modifies VEGF-A and TSP-1 and increases p-NF-κB protein levels in the aged heart.

scholarly journals Characteristic Movement of the Ribs, Thoracic Vertebrae while Elevating the Upper Limbs - Influences of Age and Gender on Movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Hisayoshi Tachihara ◽  
Junichiro Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Young Group ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shoulder Disorders ◽  
Arm Elevation ◽  
And Gender

Background: The rib cage, such as the thoracic spine and ribs, influences glenohumeral mobility and the development of shoulder disorders. Objective: To evaluate movements of the ribs, thoracic vertebrae during bilateral arm elevation and to clarify the characteristic influences of age and gender. Methods: Subjects comprised 33 healthy individuals divided into a young group (10 males, 7 females; mean age, 25 years) and a middle-aged group (8 males, 8 females; mean age, 52 years). Chest CT was performed with two arm positions: arms hanging downwards; and arms elevated at 160°. Images were three-dimensionally reconstructed to evaluate rib movement, extension angle of thoracic vertebrae. Results: Maximal movement was observed at the fifth rib, and rib movement decreased with increasing distance from the fifth rib in both the groups. In males, movement of the second to fourth ribs was smaller in the middle-aged group than in the young group (p < 0.05). Movement of the first to ninth ribs was smaller in females than in males (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the extension angle of the thoracic vertebrae was found. Conclusion: Fifth rib movement is the largest among all ribs during bilateral arm elevation. Reduction of upper rib movement initially arises as an age-related degradation in males. Women exhibit less rib movement during bilateral arm elevation.

scholarly journals Rapid nontranscriptional activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediates increased cerebral blood flow and stroke protection by corticosteroids

2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-759
Author(s):  
Florian P. Limbourg ◽  
Zhihong Huang ◽  
Jean-Christophe Plumier ◽  
Tommaso Simoncini ◽  
Masayuki Fujioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

scholarly journals Repetitive mTBI is associated with age-related reductions in cerebral blood flow but not cortical thickness

2020 ◽  
pp. 0271678X1989744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L Clark ◽  
Alexandra J Weigand ◽  
Katherine J Bangen ◽  
Victoria C Merritt ◽  
Mark W Bondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction ◽  
Parietal Cortices

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and evidence suggests cerebrovascular dysregulation initiates deleterious neurodegenerative cascades. We examined whether mTBI history alters cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cortical thickness in regions vulnerable to early AD-related changes. Seventy-four young to middle-aged Veterans (mean age = 34, range = 23–48) underwent brain scans. Participants were divided into: (1) Veteran Controls ( n =  27), (2) 1–2 mTBIs ( n =  26), and (2) 3+ mTBIs ( n =  21) groups. Resting CBF was measured using MP-PCASL. T1 structural scans were processed with FreeSurfer. CBF and cortical thickness estimates were extracted from nine AD-vulnerable regions. Regression analyses examined whether mTBI moderated the association between age, CBF, and cortical thickness. Regressions adjusting for sex and posttraumatic stress revealed mTBI moderated the association between age and CBF of the precuneus as well as superior and inferior parietal cortices ( p’s < .05); increasing age was associated with lower CBF in the 3+ mTBIs group, but not in the VCs or 1–2 mTBIs groups. mTBI did not moderate associations between age and cortical thickness ( p’s >.05). Repetitive mTBI is associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction in AD-vulnerable regions and may accelerate pathological aging trajectories.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in Rapid-Onset Vasodilation: Impact of Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady E. Hanson ◽  
Michael J. Joyner ◽  
Darren P. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Single Muscle ◽  
Vasodilatory Response ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Forearm Vascular Conductance

Rapid-onset vasodilation (ROV) in response to a single muscle contraction is attenuated with aging. Moreover, sex-related differences in muscle blood flow and vasodilation during dynamic exercise have been observed in young and older adults. The purpose of the present study was to explore if sex-related differences in ROV exist in young (n=36, 25±1 yr) and older (n=32, 66±1 yr) adults. Subjects performed single forearm contractions at 10%, 20%, and 40% maximal voluntary contraction. Brachial artery blood velocity and diameter were measured with Doppler ultrasound, and forearm vascular conductance (ml·min-1·100 mmHg-1) was calculated from blood flow (ml·min-1) and mean arterial pressure (mmHg) and used as a measure of ROV. Peak ROV was attenuated in women across all relative intensities in the young and older groups (P<0.05). In a subset of subjects with similar absolute workloads (~5 kg and ~11kg), age-related differences in ROV were observed among both women and men (P<0.05). However, only older women demonstrated an attenuated peak ROV compared to men (91±6 vs. 121±11 ml·min-1·100 mmHg-1, P<0.05), a difference not observed in the young group (134±8 vs. 154±11 ml·min-1·100 mmHg-1, P=0.15). Additionally, examining the slope of peak ROV across contraction intensities indicated a blunted response in older women compared to their young counterparts (P<0.05), with no differences observed between older and young men (P=0.38). Our data suggest that sex-related differences in the rapid vasodilatory response to single muscle contractions exist in older but not young adults, such that older women have a blunted response compared to older men.

474 AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW MAY EXPLAIN WORSE OUTCOME IN FEMALE HEAD TRAUMA PATIENTS

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. S161.3-S161
Author(s):  
D. M. Lee ◽  
T. C. Glenn ◽  
W. J. Boscardin ◽  
J. F. Soustiel ◽  
N. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document