scholarly journals Potential ProbioticEscherichia coli16 Harboring theVitreoscillaHemoglobin Gene Improves Gastrointestinal Tract Colonization and Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasant Kumar ◽  
Ayush V. Ranawade ◽  
Naresh G. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Bacterial Respiration ◽  
Microaerobic Condition ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
E Coli

The present study describes the beneficial effects of potential probioticE. coli16 (pUC8:16gfp) expressingVitreoscillahemoglobin (vgb) gene, associated with bacterial respiration under microaerobic condition, on gastrointestinal (GI) colonization and its antioxidant activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity in Charles Foster rats.In vitro, catalase activity inE. coli16 (pUC8:16gfp) was 1.8 times higher compared toE. coli16 (pUC-gfp) control.In vivo,E. coli16 (pUC8:16gfp) not only was recovered in the fecal matter after 70 days of oral administration but also retained antibacterial activities, whereasE. coli16 (pUC-gfp) was not detected. Oral administration of 200 and 500 μL/kg body weight of CCl4to rats at weekly interval resulted in elevated serum glutamyl pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamyl oxalacetate transaminase (SGOT) levels compared to controls. Rats prefed withE. coli16 (pUC8:16gfp) demonstrated near to normal levels for SGPT and SGOT, whereas the liver homogenate catalase activity was significantly increased compared to CCl4treated rats. Thus, pUC8:16gfpplasmid encodingvgbimproved the growth and GI tract colonization ofE. coli16. In addition, it also enhanced catalase activity in rats harboringE. coli16 (pUC8:16gfp), thereby preventing the absorption of CCl4to GI tract.

Bacteriophages reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in experimentally inoculated sheep

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Bach ◽  
R P Johnson ◽  
K. Stanford ◽  
T A McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
And Control

Bacteriophage biocontrol has potential as a means of mitigating the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminants. The efficacy of oral administration of bacteriophages for reducing fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep was evaluated using 20 Canadian Arcott rams (50.0 ± 3.0) housed in four rooms (n = 5) in a contained facility. The rams had ad libitum access to drinking water and a pelleted barley-based total mixed ration, delivered once daily. Experimental treatments consisted of administration of E. coli O157:H7 (O157), E. coli O157:H7+bacteriophages (O157+phage), bacteriophages (phage), and control (CON). Oral inoculation of the rams with 109 CFU of a mixture of four nalidixic acid-resistant strains of E. coli O157:H7 was performed on day 0. A mixture of 1010 PFU of bacteriophages P5, P8 and P11 was administered on days -2, -1, 0, 6 and 7. Fecal samples collected on 14 occasions over 21 d were analyzed for E. coli O157:H7, total E. coli, total coliforms and bacteriophages. Sheep in treatment O157+phage shed fewer (P < 0.05) E. coli O157:H7 than did sheep in treatment O157. Populations of total coliforms and total E. coli were similar (P < 0.05) among treatments, implying that bacteriophage lysis of non-target E. coli and coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract did not occur. Bacteriophage numbers declined rapidly over 21 d, which likely reduced the chance of collision between bacteria and bacteriophage. Oral administration of bacteriophages reduced shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep, but a delivery system that would protect bacteriophages during passage through the intestine may increase the effectiveness of this strategy as well as allow phage to be administered in the feed.Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, bacteriophage, sheep, environment, coliforms

scholarly journals Radiolabelled cyanidin 3-O-glucoside is poorly absorbed in the mouse

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1738-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Felgines ◽  
Stéphanie Krisa ◽  
Aurélie Mauray ◽  
Catherine Besson ◽  
Jean-Louis Lamaison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Complex Chemistry

Anthocyanins are natural pigments abundant in various fruits and berries that are involved in the prevention of various chronic diseases. Their low concentrations in plasma and urine are explained in part by their complex chemistry and the formation of still uncharacterised metabolites. The aim of the present study was to follow the distribution of anthocyanins in the body using 14C-labelled cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) fed by gavage to mice. After the administration of 22·2 kBq 14C-Cy3G (0·93 mg), radioactivity was detected in most organs tested over the following 24 h with a peak observed in inner tissues at 3 h. The major fraction of the radioactivity (44·5 %) was found in the faeces collected 24 h after ingestion. At 3 h after oral administration of 141 kBq 14C-Cy3G (4·76 mg), most of the radioactivity (87·9 % of intake) was recovered in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially in the small intestine (50·7 %) and the caecum (23 %). At this time, 3·3 % of the radioactivity was detected in urine. There was minimal accumulation (0·76 %) of radioactivity in tissues outside the GI tract. Distribution of radioactivity varied among organs, with liver, gallbladder and kidneys showing the highest radioactivity. Taken as a whole, these results show that Cy3G is poorly absorbed in the mouse.

scholarly journals Numerical investigation of the spatial distribution of Escherichia coli in river deltas for different values of river discharge, temperature and irradiation of the water surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Leonardi ◽  
Constantinos Matsoukis ◽  
Iacopo Carnacina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Shelf Area ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
River Deltas ◽  
Discharge Temperature

Abstract Escherichia coli and other enteric pathogens presence indicate that the water has been contaminated with fecal matter. River deltas are population hotspots which are becoming increasingly urbanized and where poor sanitation has been frequently identified as a pressing issue. In this study, we have investigated the spatial distribution of E. coli in river deltas under varying river discharge, temperature and irradiation at the water surface. A hydrodynamic and water quality model has been used to reproduce an idealized river delta configuration and to investigate the spatial distribution of E. coli across the delta floodplain and channels. The concentration of E. coli rapidly declines downstream, following a tripartite trend with different decline rates on the delta front, pro-delta and shelf area. The highest differences in the spatial distribution of E. coli bacteria occur for low-river discharge values. Temperature and irradiation both influence the concentration of E. coli and mostly influence downstream areas and smaller channels.

Colorimetric detection of catalase and catalase-positive bacteria (E. coli) using silver nanoprisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (36) ◽  
pp. 6625-6630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Zhao ◽  
Julia Wiebe ◽  
Rabia Zahoor ◽  
Sladjana Slavkovic ◽  
Brian Malile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Silver Nanoprisms

The sensitivity of the formation of plasmonic silver nanoprisms to hydrogen peroxide is explored for the colorimetric detection of catalase activity in bacteria.

Pharmacology and toxicology of carbon tetrachloride in the sheep. IV. Reduction and augmentation of toxicity by selenium

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
AC Kondos ◽  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Intramuscular Dose ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ccl4 Poisoning ◽  
Oral Doses

Susceptibility of sheep to toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was assessed by determining the increase in plasma levels of isocitric dehydrogenase (ICD) and glutamic transaminase (GOT) and by other criteria. Susceptibility was increased by oral administration of 1 mg of selenium (Se) as sodium selenite plus 100 i.u. of tocopherol acetate on alternate days for 120 days, 2 mg Se per day for 21 days, and 6 mg Se per day for 6 days, before dosing with CCl4. Susceptibility was reduced by smaller total amounts of Se, and by oral doses of 6 mg Se per day for 3 days, a single oral or intramuscular dose of 5 or 12 mg c. 20 hr, or 5 or 12 mg orally 10–20 min, before dosing with CCl4. One 5 mg dose at 20 hr and a second 20 min before CCl4 was more effective than either alone. Sheep from two different sources differed considerably in their susceptibility to CCl4. In the more susceptible sheep Se administration reduced susceptibility to a level comparable with that shown by the naturally resistant animals. Administration of Se to sheep dosed with CCl4 and then given a high-protein diet resulted in lower GOT levels, milder clinical signs, and a great reduction in mortality. In field tests on properties with a recent history of CCl4 poisoning, oral administration of 5 mg Se about 20 min before CCl4 significantly reduced susceptibility. Administration of Se to fluke-infested sheep did not protect the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) against CCl4.

Release of catechol amines from the adrenal medulla by CCl4

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Brody ◽  
Deane N. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Catechol Amine ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Amine Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Catechol Amines

The single oral administration of an hepatotoxic dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) causes a decrease in the amount of apparent epinephrine and norepinephrine in the adrenal medulla after 20 hours. There is also a parallel increase in the wet weight of the adrenal gland. The ability of CCl4 to induce catechol amine depletion has been demonstrated in both the rat and the rabbit. Adrenals of animals whose spinal cords have been transected prior to CCl4 administration do not exhibit this decrease in catechol amine content. These results will be discussed in the light of an hypothesis that the toxic action of CCl4 is an indirect one and may be mediated via a release of catechol amines.

scholarly journals Possible health impacts due to animal and human fecal pollution in water intended for drinking water supply of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Kayo Bianco ◽  
Rodolpho Mattos Albano ◽  
Samara Sant'Anna de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Alves Nascimento ◽  
Thaís dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cycling Condition

Abstract Fecal matter is considered as one of the worst pollutants in waterbodies due to the potential spread of waterborne diseases. This study aimed to determine the host-specific fecal contamination in two Brazilian watersheds and to predict the possible impacts on human health. Fecal sources were enumerated using host-specific genetic markers to swine (16S rRNA), human and bovine (archaeal nifH), and equine (archaeal mcrA). A single cycling condition was established for four markers aiming to decrease the analysis time. Fifteen samples from São João watershed (75%) and 25 from Guandu (62.5%) presenting Escherichia coli enumeration in compliance with Brazilian guidelines (&lt;1,000 MPN/100 mL) showed the human marker. Furthermore, the bovine, swine, and equine markers were present in 92% (59/64), 89% (57/64), and 81% (52/64) of the water samples, respectively. The molecular markers proposed for qPCR in our study were sensitivity and specific enough to detect host-specific fecal pollution in all samples regardless of E. coli levels reaffirming the low correlation among them and supporting their use in water quality monitoring programs. To our knowledge, this is the first study using this approach for quantification of nifH, mcrA, and rrs gene-associated human and animal fecal pollution in waters intended for drinking water supply in Brazil.

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