scholarly journals Research Progress and Perspectives of Nitrogen Fixing Bacterium,Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, in Monocot Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Eskin ◽  
K. Vessey ◽  
L. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Complex Root ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plant Crop

Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicusis a nitrogen fixing bacterium originally found in monocotyledon sugarcane plants in which the bacterium actively fixes atmosphere nitrogen and provides significant amounts of nitrogen to plants. This bacterium mainly colonizes intercellular spaces within the roots and stems of plants and does not require the formation of the complex root organ like nodule. The bacterium is less plant/crop specific and indeedG. diazotrophicushas been found in a number of unrelated plant species. Importantly, as the bacterium was of monocot plant origin, there exists a possibility that the nitrogen fixation feature of the bacterium may be used in many other monocot crops. This paper reviews and updates the research progress ofG. diazotrophicusfor the past 25 years but focuses on the recent research development.

scholarly journals History on the biological nitrogen fixation research in graminaceous plants: special emphasis on the Brazilian experience

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
José I. Baldani ◽  
Vera L.D. Baldani
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Herbaspirillum Seropedicae ◽  
Graminaceous Plants ◽  
Cereal Plants ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

This review covers the history on Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) in Graminaceous plants grown in Brazil, and describes research progress made over the last 40 years, most of whichwas coordinated by Johanna Döbereiner. One notable accomplishment during this period was the discovery of several nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as the rhizospheric (Beijerinckia fluminensis and Azotobacter paspali), associative (Azospirillum lipoferum, A. brasilense, A. amazonense) and the endophytic (Herbaspirillum seropedicae, H. rubrisubalbicans, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Burkholderia brasilensis and B. tropica). The role of these diazotrophs in association with grasses, mainly with cereal plants, has been studied and a lot of progress has been achieved in the ecological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic aspects. The mechanisms of colonization and infection of the plant tissues are better understood, and the BNF contribution to the soil/plant system has been determined. Inoculation studies with diazotrophs showed that endophytic bacteria have a much higher BNF contribution potential than associative diazotrophs. In addition, it was found that the plant genotype influences the plant/bacteria association. Recent data suggest that more studies should be conducted on the endophytic association to strengthen the BNF potential. The ongoing genome sequencing programs: RIOGENE (Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus) and GENOPAR (Herbaspirillum seropedicae) reflect the commitment to the BNF study in Brazil and should allow the country to continue in the forefront of research related to the BNF process in Graminaceous plants.

Review on Efficacy of Herbal Antiviral Drugs against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1116-1121
Author(s):  
Pooja P. Thakre ◽  
Vinod Ade ◽  
Shweta Parwe
Keyword(s):  
Physical Contact ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease (CoViD-19) is an infection of the respiratory system caused due to various viruses affects the respiratory pathway, and it can spread from one person to another by coughing, sneezing or physical contact. Commonly include cough, cold, fever are the symptoms. Viral diseases increase worldwide concern, including emerging and chronic viruses. The invention of new anti-viral drugs from plants has implicit in the past. The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) caused due to severe acute respiratory syndrome, which is a transmittable and pathogenic viral infection. Several traditional medicines of plant origin having antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties some have been studied for their anti-viral properties and immune-modulating effects. Herbal drugs are now in massive requirement in the developing countries for primary health care not because of their economical but also for better civilising adequacy, improved compatibility with the human body and significantly fewer side effects. This review gives an overview of some critical traditionally used medicinal herbs with anti-viral properties—the literature regarding the drugs of this group, collected from Ayurveda classics. Research articles are collected from published material and discussed per therapeutic actions. Most of the Herbs are with Katu Rasa (pungent) and Ushna Virya (hot potency). They are indicated in diseases, viz. Kasa (cough), Shwas (asthma), Krumi (worm/ infection). Krumihara property drugs which are correlated with anti-viral action helps to prevent against Novel coronavirus infection.

LEGAL RESEARCH AT AHMAD IBRAHIM KULLIYYAH OF LAWS, INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA: TRENDS AND POLICIES

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunud Abia Kadouf ◽  
Umar Aimhanosi Oseini ◽  
Ainul Jaria Maidin
Keyword(s):  
Research Output ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Status

The primary function of Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah (Faculty) of Laws, at the very beginning of its inception, was that of teaching civil law and Sharî’ah subjects. As it matured, its vision has been varied from teaching to that of research with the aim of attaining the status of a full research institution that provides both quality research and best legal education in the region. Similar to other institutions of higher education in Malaysia, the responsibility of research is a shared function of both graduate students and the academic staff. The research output, on the part of the students is mostly composed of either Master Dissertations or PhD Theses. The academic members of the Faculty, however, are involved either in direct research, individually or jointly, supervision, and publications of their findings. By investigating and analyzing factors influencing research activities at AIKOL in the past twenty years, the researchers will be able to identify the general trends and development of research as it unfolded over years. The researchers hope that the policymakers, at both Faculty and University levels, will use the findings to improve research quality by boldly addressing the problems hampering research progress at AIKOL.

scholarly journals Plasmids Related to the Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Are Not Only Cooperated Functionally but Also May Have Evolved over a Time Span in Family Rhizobiaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2002-2014
Author(s):  
Ling-Ling Yang ◽  
Zhao Jiang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
En-Tao Wang ◽  
Xiao-Yang Zhi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Gene Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Pan Genome

Abstract Rhizobia are soil bacteria capable of forming symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules associated with leguminous plants. In fast-growing legume-nodulating rhizobia, such as the species in the family Rhizobiaceae, the symbiotic plasmid is the main genetic basis for nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, and is susceptible to horizontal gene transfer. To further understand the symbioses evolution in Rhizobiaceae, we analyzed the pan-genome of this family based on 92 genomes of type/reference strains and reconstructed its phylogeny using a phylogenomics approach. Intriguingly, although the genetic expansion that occurred in chromosomal regions was the main reason for the high proportion of low-frequency flexible gene families in the pan-genome, gene gain events associated with accessory plasmids introduced more genes into the genomes of nitrogen-fixing species. For symbiotic plasmids, although horizontal gene transfer frequently occurred, transfer may be impeded by, such as, the host’s physical isolation and soil conditions, even among phylogenetically close species. During coevolution with leguminous hosts, the plasmid system, including accessory and symbiotic plasmids, may have evolved over a time span, and provided rhizobial species with the ability to adapt to various environmental conditions and helped them achieve nitrogen fixation. These findings provide new insights into the phylogeny of Rhizobiaceae and advance our understanding of the evolution of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

scholarly journals Research Progress and Development Trends of Acoustic Metamaterials

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4018
Author(s):  
Hao Song ◽  
Xiaodong Ding ◽  
Zixian Cui ◽  
Haohao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Negative Refraction ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Atomic Clusters ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Acoustic Metamaterials ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Related Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anomalous Doppler Effect

Acoustic metamaterials are materials with artificially designed structures, which have characteristics that surpass the behavior of natural materials, such as negative refraction, anomalous Doppler effect, plane focusing, etc. This article mainly introduces and summarizes the related research progress of acoustic metamaterials in the past two decades, focusing on meta-atomic acoustic metamaterials, metamolecular acoustic metamaterials, meta-atomic clusters and metamolecule cluster acoustic metamaterials. Finally, the research overview and development trend of acoustic metasurfaces are briefly introduced.

scholarly journals A review on the production, structure, bioactivities and applications of Tremella polysaccharides

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 205873842110005
Author(s):  
Xia Ma ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
Yan He ◽  
Chuntao Zhai ◽  
Chengliang Li
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Health States ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Active Natural

Tremella polysaccharide is known to be structurally unique and biologically active natural products, abundant and versatile in activities and applications in food industry, daily chemical industry and medicine industry. In order to improve the industrialisation of Tremella polysaccharide, the limitations of preparation and structure-activity relationship of Tremella polysaccharide were reviewed in this paper. The research progress of Tremella polysaccharide in the past 20 years was summarized from the sources, preparation methods, molecular structure, activity and application, and the research trend in the future was also prospected. The application prospect of Tremella polysaccharide in against multiple sub-health states was worth expecting.

scholarly journals Isolation and nitrogen fixing efficiency of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus associated with sugarcane: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 788 (1) ◽  
pp. 012171
Author(s):  
P Saranraj ◽  
A Jayaprakash ◽  
V D Devi ◽  
A R M Al-Tawaha ◽  
A R Al-Tawaha
Keyword(s):  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing
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