scholarly journals Health Implications of Electromagnetic Fields, Mechanisms of Action, and Research Needs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Singh ◽  
Neeru Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiations

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been implicated to influence a range of bodily functions. Given their ubiquitous nature, widespread applications, and capability to produce deleterious effects, conclusive investigations of the health risks are critical. Accordingly, this paper has been constructed to weigh the bioeffects, possible biointeraction mechanisms, and research areas in bioelectromagnetics seeking immediate attention. The several gaps in the existing knowledge do not permit one to reach a concrete conclusion but possibility for harmful effects cannot be underestimated in absence of consistent findings and causal mechanisms. Several studies with appropriate methodologies reflect the capacity of electromagnetic radiations to cause adverse health effects and there are several credible mechanisms that can account for the observed effects. Hence, need of the hour is to activate comprehensive well-coordinated blind scientific investigations, overcoming all limitations and demerits of previous investigations especially replication studies to concretize the earlier findings. Furthermore, appropriate exposure assessment is crucial for identification of dose-response relation if any, and the elucidation of biological interaction mechanism. For the time being, the public should follow the precautionary principle and limit their exposure as much as possible.

Smoking Habits of Adolescents and the Role of Dentists

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kr. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Continue Smoking

Abstract Tobacco smoking has a devastating effect on the health and well-being of the public and remains the nation's leading avoidable cause of premature mortality and disability. On an average, each smoker who dies would have lived another 15 years if he/she was a non-smoker. Though adult smoking has decreased markedly, there is an alarming rise in the use of tobacco among adolescents. One unique aspect of dentistry is some of the adverse health effects of tobacco uses are clinically apparent in the oral cavity at a relatively early stage of use. More than one-half of the adult population and nearly threequarters of the student population see a dentist each year, and yet 80% of dentists do not routinely ask about tobacco use and advise tobacco users to quit. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and the urge to continue smoking is powerful. As doctors our motto in advising patients should be, “If you smoke, quit. If you don't, then don't try it.” The second part of the message is especially important for adolescents, since most adult smokers started their habit as adolescents. The authors have highlighted the harmful effects of smoking and the role dentists have to impart as responsible citizens in educating their patients, especially in the younger generation to help them lead a healthier and more meaningful tomorrow. Citation Garg RK, Tandon S. Smoking Habits of Adolescents and the Role of Dentists. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 May;(7)2:120-129.

Extremes of Temperature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Krake
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Extremes Of Temperature

This chapter covers extremes of temperature conditions, physiological effects, and prevention. All deaths caused by exposure to hot and cold temperature extremes are preventable when proper measures are taken. Described in this chapter are the effects of extreme heat and extreme cold on the health of members of the public, particularly older people and young people, and workers employed in various workplace settings. The differences between heat stress and heat strain are also discussed, as are various regulations governing exposure to temperature extremes. The nature and magnitude of heat- and cold-related conditions and symptoms are described in detail. Final sections of the chapter address various assessment and evaluation tools as well as prevention and control measures. In addition, an appendix describes the hazards related to hyperbaric and hypobaric environments and adverse health effects.

scholarly journals Benchmarking Crisis in Social Media Analytics: A Solution for the Data-Sharing Problem

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932110122
Author(s):  
Dennis Assenmacher ◽  
Derek Weber ◽  
Mike Preuss ◽  
André Calero Valdez ◽  
Alison Bradshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Algorithm Design ◽  
Computational Social Science ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Social Media Analytics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Media Data

Computational social science uses computational and statistical methods in order to evaluate social interaction. The public availability of data sets is thus a necessary precondition for reliable and replicable research. These data allow researchers to benchmark the computational methods they develop, test the generalizability of their findings, and build confidence in their results. When social media data are concerned, data sharing is often restricted for legal or privacy reasons, which makes the comparison of methods and the replicability of research results infeasible. Social media analytics research, consequently, faces an integrity crisis. How is it possible to create trust in computational or statistical analyses, when they cannot be validated by third parties? In this work, we explore this well-known, yet little discussed, problem for social media analytics. We investigate how this problem can be solved by looking at related computational research areas. Moreover, we propose and implement a prototype to address the problem in the form of a new evaluation framework that enables the comparison of algorithms without the need to exchange data directly, while maintaining flexibility for the algorithm design.

scholarly journals Biological Effects of Atmospheric Fields and Radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10S2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Line Radiation ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Geomagnetic Fields ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects

Our atmosphere is full of electromagnetic fields emitted from wireless communication transmitters. At the same time the bio-systems (including humans, animals & birds and vegetation as well) are complex electrical systems. Naturally therefore, they are likely to have interaction and to be affected in some way or the other. Research into this field started with the knowledge about pleasing presence of negative charges and unpleasant presence of positive charges around us, concentrating effects of static or pulsating fields. Also came the explanation (and experimental verification) of Hindu mythological effects of geomagnetic fields coupled with solar activity. The effects of power line radiation and radiation from video game TV sets, microwave oven and other domestic instruments like electric blankets also figured in the research. At last the fastest emerging mobile telephony overpowered all others. Though the results of researches into possible harmful effects of mobile phone radiation and those of radiation from base station towers remain inconclusive partly because of influencing pressure from manufacturing and service providing companies, some of the researchers conclusively assert the harmfulness of the radiation at some level of field intensity present near the tower or the handset relating it to the specific absorption ratio (SAR) value. Recent increased observation of infertility among young couples is also attributed by some researchers to the effect of radiation from mobile kept in pantaloons pockets which becomes near their genitals affecting sperm or ovum. This review explains all these researches into bio-effects of electromagnetic fields and concludes that there is certainly some possible harmfulness of radiation above some level of intensity of fields.

scholarly journals Financial sustainability: An annotated bibliography

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
Shivam Kakati ◽  
Arup Roy
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Sectorial Analysis ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Analytical Tools

The literature on financial sustainability is scattered in such a way that a synthesis is indispensable. The present study on an annotated bibliography of financial sustainability seeks to fill this particular gap by presenting a collation of published literature in the sphere. The sectorial analysis depicted that ability to cover the costs from its own resources and ability to pay debt were the key dimensions to measure financial sustainability. The majority of the studies were found in the public sector covering local governments and central governments particularly in such European countries as Spain, Italy and England. Earning enough resources, asset sustainability and the ability to repay obligations are the three dimensions to assess financial sustainability. The study also pointed out the key research areas, variables and analytical tools among other trends in the literature. The present study assists the future researchers in reviewing the literature on financial sustainability and developing research methodology.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Regulation and Consumption Patterns

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2452
Author(s):  
Davit Pipoyan ◽  
Stella Stepanyan ◽  
Seda Stepanyan ◽  
Meline Beglaryan ◽  
Lara Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Harmful Effects

Health effects of trans fatty acids (TFAs) on human organisms can vary according to their type, structure, composition, and origin. Even though the adverse health effects of industrial TFAs (iTFAs) have been widely discussed, the health effects of natural TFAs (nTFAs) are still questionable. Hence, it is important to review the literature and provide an overall picture on the health effects of different TFAs coming from industrial and ruminant sources, underlining those types that have adverse health effects as well as suggesting methods for reducing their harmful effects. Multiple databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, etc.) were searched with the key words “trans fatty acid sources”, “ruminant”, “industrial”, “conjugated trans linoleic acid”, “human”, “coronary heart disease”, “cancer”, etc. Reference lists of the studies were scanned discussing the health effects of iTFAs and nTFAs. The review of the literature showed that iTFAs are found to be more harmful than ruminant-produced nTFAs. Although several beneficial effects (such as reduced risk of diabetes) for nTFAs have been observed, they should be used with caution. Since during labeling it is usually not mentioned whether the TFAs contained in food are of industrial or natural origin, the general suggestion is to reduce their consumption.

Education and Research for Infrastructure and Public Works

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil S. Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Global Reach

By clarifying roles through partnerships, the neglect of education and research in policy studies of infrastructure can be remedied, and the public works profession can develop a clear vision of its education and research needs and responsibilities. The American Public Works Association (APWA) has key roles to play, and by using their resources in partnership with K-12 schools and higher education, local chapters can reach out to assist in education and research to benefit both the public works profession and educational institutions. A revitalized APWA education and research program could strengthen the organization and have a global reach. APWA should sort out the cross-cutting and common education themes needed by the public works industry, defining roles that can, in partnerships with others, be implemented clearly and effectively.

scholarly journals Introduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
BISHNUPRIYA DUTT
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Theatre ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
National School ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Historical Transition ◽  
Indian Theatre

These three essays on distinct research areas and case studies cover a broad history of educational institutions in India, their focus on theatre and cultural education, and their role in creating citizens active in the public sphere and civic communities. The common point of reference for all the three essays is the historical transition from pre- to post-independence India, and they represent three dominant genres of Indian theatre practice: the amateur progressive theatre emerging out of sociopolitical movements; the State Drama School, which has remained at the core of the state's policy and vision of a national theatre; and college theatre, which comprises the field from which the National School of Drama sources its acting students, as well as new audiences for urban theatres.

Gender inequities in the online dissemination of scholars’ work

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (39) ◽  
pp. e2102945118
Author(s):  
Orsolya Vásárhelyi ◽  
Igor Zakhlebin ◽  
Staša Milojević ◽  
Emőke-Ágnes Horvát
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Scientific Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Coauthorship Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Unbiased science dissemination has the potential to alleviate some of the known gender disparities in academia by exposing female scholars’ work to other scientists and the public. And yet, we lack comprehensive understanding of the relationship between gender and science dissemination online. Our large-scale analyses, encompassing half a million scholars, revealed that female scholars’ work is mentioned less frequently than male scholars’ work in all research areas. When exploring the characteristics associated with online success, we found that the impact of prior work, social capital, and gendered tie formation in coauthorship networks are linked with online success for men, but not for women—even in the areas with the highest female representation. These results suggest that while men’s scientific impact and collaboration networks are associated with higher visibility online, there are no universally identifiable facets associated with success for women. Our comprehensive empirical evidence indicates that the gender gap in online science dissemination is coupled with a lack of understanding the characteristics that are linked with female scholars’ success, which might hinder efforts to close the gender gap in visibility.

Human Psychomotor Performance Under the Exposure to Mobile Phones-Like Electromagnetic Fields

2019 ◽  
pp. 923-936
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Curcio
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Biologic Effects ◽  
Sham Exposure ◽  
Ionizing Radiations

The first studies on humans addressing cognitive functioning changes as a consequence of radiofrequency (RF) EMFs exposure date back to almost 20 years ago. The effects on human behavior showed in those pioneering works indicated an improvement of performance under the exposure to the signal, compared with sham exposure. These first and striking results were not fully replicated by subsequent studies that were characterized by a more methodological robustness and attention to exposure aspects. In accordance with this view, latest reviews and metanalyses have confirmed the paucity of evidence and the lack of reliability of psychomotor and cognitive effects of acute RF EMF exposure on human volunteers, particularly when assessed in well controlled laboratory settings. Thus, despite the public opinion about potential biologic effects of acute RF EMFs irradiation, it can be concluded that to date there is substantial lack of evidence about a negative influence of non-ionizing radiations on cognitive functioning in humans.

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