scholarly journals Biochemical Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles in Wistar Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi ◽  
Ifeoluwa Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation

Background. Silver nanoparticles have found wider and increasing biomedical applications due to their broad antimicrobial characteristics. However, toxicity of nanoparticles is a subject of continued controversy, thus necessitating further studies in this direction. Objectives. This study investigated the biochemical effects of silver nanoparticles in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods. Forty male rats were randomly distributed into eight experimental groups of five. Group A served as the control and received distilled water. Groups B to H were orally exposed to varying concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at 100, 1000, and 5000 mg/kg daily for 7, 14, and 21 days alternately. Following cessation of treatments, rats were sacrificed and the blood and other vital organs were collected and prepared as specimens for biochemical analysis. Results. Administration of AgNPs to rats did not produce significant loss in feed intake and body weight. However, rat exposure to AgNPs caused significant alterations to levels of serum and tissue AST, ALT, and ALP. At the 100 mg/kg AgNPs exposure, rat serum and tissue AST and ALT levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In contrast, AgNPs administration elevated (P < 0.05) ALP levels in rat serum and tissues. Conclusion. We show evidence that AgNPs administration to Wistar rats altered some biochemical parameters.

Kolaviron and Garcinia kola attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi ◽  
Temitayo Olutayo Omobowale ◽  
James Olukayode Olopade ◽  
Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Group A ◽  
Prolonged Qt ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractBackgroundTheMethodsSixty male rats (Wistar strain) were used in this study. They were divided into 6 groups (A-F) each containing 10 animals. Group A was the control. Rats in Groups B, C, D, E and F were treated with doxorubicin at the dosage of 15 mg/kg body weight i.p. Prior to this treatment, rats in groups C, D, E and F were pre-treated orally with Kolaviron at the dosage of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, andResultsThe results show that doxorubicin caused a significant increase in heart rate and prolonged QT, reduced antioxidant status, increased oxidative stress, inflammation and markers of cardiac damage which were reversed by pre-treatment with Kolaviron andConclusionsOverall, pre-treatment with Kolaviron or

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chronic Administration of Metronidazole on the Morphological and Biochemical Parameters on the Cerebral Cortex of Adult Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
A. J. Ajibade ◽  
I .J. Ayanlade
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Metronidazole has been implicated in diverse neurologic syndromes such as; cerebellar syndrome, encephalopathy, seizures, optic neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy and peripheral neuropathy.  Metronidazole is an antibiotic drug used to treat infections of the reproductive system, gastrointestinal tract, skin, heart, bone joint, lung, blood, nervous system and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This study therefore, investigated the effects of metronidazole on the cerebral cortex of adult wistar rats. Thirty-two (32) adult wistar rats of average weight of 180g of both sexes were distributed into four groups of eight (8) animals per group. Group A was the control group while group B, C and D rats were treated with 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of metronidazole respectively. Metronidazole was administered orally on daily basis to the animals for 28 days. The weights of the rats were taken weekly using a weighing scale. On the 28th day of the treatment, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The skulls were excised and the brains were harvested, weighed immediately using a sensitive weighing balance and then fixed in 10% formolcalcium for routine histological techniques and the other parts were processed for biochemical analysis of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO) and Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). The results showed that there was a significant increase in the body weights of wistar rats in A and B while the mean body weights of the wistar rats reduced significantly in group C and D. The brain weights in group B and C increased insignificantly while brain weight in group D increased significantly when compared with group A. The biochemical analysis showed significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of MDA, NO and SDH in group B, C and D as compared with group A. Histological study of the cerebral cortex revealed conspicuous degenerative changes in group B while group C and D showed increased degenerative cerebral cortical layers with peripheral and central degenerative changes. The study concluded that metronidazole exhibited a neurodegenerative effect on the cerebral cortex of the wistar rats investigated. It is recommended that other studies should be carried out to corroborate these findings.

scholarly journals Cerebral Cortical Damage in Adult Wistar Rats Following Aluminium Chloride Administration

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. J. Ajibade ◽  
P. B. Fakunle ◽  
O. O. Omoola
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

This study investigated some effects of aluminium chloride on the cerebral cortex of adult Wistar rats. Aluminium chloride as one of the toxic metals has been known to be one of the major environmental pollutants across the world which has been reported in relation to Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) associated with metallic intoxication. It is present in many pharmaceutical drugs, food products and also used in the treatment of domestic water being involved in skeletal, haematological and neurological diseases. Thirty-two adult Wistar of both sexes weighing between 143 g-189 g were randomly grouped into four groups, group A, B, C and D each group containing 8 rats. Group A rats which were the controls, were maintained on standard feed (grower mash) and water for 21 days. Rats in group B, C and D were treated with 0.2 g/kg, 0.4 g/kg and 0.6 g/kg of aluminium chloride respectively for 21days. The aluminium chloride solution was administered orally on a daily basis for that period. The weight of the Wistar rats was recorded on a weekly basis (before and at the end of each week of administration). On the 22nd day the Wistar rats in group A, B, C and D were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, blood was collected through cardiac puncture, the brain was removed and weighed immediately using sensitive balance, part of the brain of all Wistar rats in each group was collected and homogenized for biochemical analysis, the remaining part was then fixed in 10% formol saline, the tissue was processed and sectioned at 5µm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological study. Results showed that the mean body weights of the Wistar rats significantly increased in the treated groups when compared with the control group. The mean brain weights of the aluminium- treated groups showed insignificant decreased (P>0.05) when compared to the control group. In the biochemical analysis, there was a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the aluminium-treated groups, and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Succinate Dehydrogenase  (SDH) in the aluminium treated group. Histological study of the brain (cerebral cortex) revealed that the cerebral cortical layers of the aluminium treated groups appeared distorted and degenerated, in a dose-dependent manner. The study concluded that aluminium chloride has a neurotoxic effect on the cerebral cortex of adult Wistar rats which invariably may alter some cerebral functions.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effects of Buchholzia coriacea seed extract on sodium azide-induced neurotoxicity of the prefrontal cortex of Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1635-1646
Author(s):  
T.A. Abayomi ◽  
O.S. Tokunbo ◽  
O David ◽  
O.O. Obembe ◽  
B.J. Dare
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potentials and neuroprotective effects of methanol extract of Buchholzia coriacea (BC) seeds on sodium azide (NaN3) induced neurotoxicity of the prefrontal cortex in male Wistar rats. Neurotoxicity occurs as a result of exposure to neurotoxins in the environment, of which NaN3 is a potent neurotoxin. Thirty male Wistar rats were were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group A were administered with distilled water. Group B was administered with NaN3 for 28 days. Group C was administered with NaN3 for 28 days and thereafter B. coriacea for 21 days. Group D was administered with B. coriacea for 21 days and then NaN3 for 28 days. Group E was administered with only B. coriacea for 21 days. After treatment, neurobehavioral assessment was carried out after which the rats were sacrificed, and the prefrontal cortex excised. The prefrontal cortex was then processed for histological and biochemical analysis (SOD, MDA, GSH, and CAT). Pre-treatment and post-treatment with Buchholzia coriacea revitalized the cells of the Prefrontal cortex which were damaged by NaN3 exposure. Oxidative stress levels also decreased as a result of B. coriacea treatment, suggesting neuroprotective effects of Buchholzia Coriacea.Keywords: Buchholzia coriacea, Sodium Azide, Neurodegeration, Prefrontal cortex

Silver nanoparticles influenced rat serum metabolites and tissue morphology

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi ◽  
Ifeoluwa Adewumi ◽  
Temiloluwa O. Faniyan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Tissue Morphology ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Kidney Functions

Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly and extensively being applied for biomedical purposes. However, studies on the safety/toxicity profiles of AgNPs are limited. This necessitates the further studies in this direction. Here, we studied the effect of AgNP administration on rat serum metabolites and tissue morphology.: Rats were randomly distributed into eight groups of five animals each. Oral administration of AgNPs to rats at 100, 1000, and 5000 mg/kg was done daily and carried out for 7, 14, and 21 days alternately. The control received distilled water. Animals were sacrificed under diethyl ether anesthesia 24 h after cessation of last treatments. The blood and vital organs were harvested and prepared for biochemical and histopathology examinations, respectively.: Data revealed that AgNP administration at the different dosages caused elevated serum urea and creatinine levels. On the other hand, levels of inorganic phosphate in rat serum following administration of AgNPs were significantly (p<0.05) reduced. Also, administration at 1000 and 5000 mg/kg AgNPs in rats decreased serum levels of sodium. In contrast, AgNP administration in rats caused elevated (p<0.05) serum potassium levels. The histopathological presentations show diverse inimical alterations to cellular architecture in rats administered with AgNPs.: We show evidence suggesting that AgNPs may have potential to adversely affect the kidney functions as well as capability to cause myriad of cellular damage.

Effect of Opuntia dejecta (Salm-Dyck) flowers in liver of fructose-fed rats: Biochemicals, enzymatic and histological studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110134
Author(s):  
O Zouaoui ◽  
K Adouni ◽  
A Jelled ◽  
A Thouri ◽  
A Ben Chrifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Histological Architecture

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of flowers decoction at post-flowering stage (F3D) of Opuntia dejecta were determined. The obtained findings demonstrate that F3D has a marked antioxidant activity in all tested assays. Furthermore, the present study was designed to test the protective activity of F3D against induced Diabetes type 2 (DT2) in male rats. Those metabolic syndromes were induced by a high-fructose diet (HFD) (10% fructose solution) for a period of 20 weeks. F3D was administered orally (100 and 300 mg/kg body weight) daily for the last 4 weeks. Metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug and administrated orally for the last 4 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in blood glucose, triglycerides and hepatic markers (ALAT, ASAT and ALK-P) in HFD group. A significant increase in hepatic TBARS and a significant decrease in SOD, CAT and GPX were observed in fructose fed rats compared to control group. Administration of F3D showed a protective effect in biochemical and oxidative stress parameters measured in this study. Also, oral administration of F3D restored the histological architecture of rat liver in comparison with rats fed HFD. In conclusion, F3D attenuated hepatic oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats.

scholarly journals Flaxseed, olive and fish oil influence plasmatic lipids, lymphocyte migration and morphometry of the intestinal of Wistar rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiana Diniz Rosa ◽  
Regiane Lopes de Sales ◽  
Luis Fernando de Sousa Moraes ◽  
Fabíola Cesário Lourenço ◽  
Clóvis Andrade Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soy Oil ◽  
Lymphocyte Migration

PURPOSE: Evaluate the effect of flaxseed, olive and fish oil on the lipid profile, preservation of villosities and lymphocyte migration in the intestinal mucosa of Wistar rats. METHODS: Thirty Wistar male rats were divided into four groups, which received the AIN-93M diet, with changes only to their lipid source: flaxseed, olive, fish, and soy oil (control group). The serum was separated for the biochemical parameter analysis. A histological evaluation was performed in the ileal portion. RESULTS: The group which was fed fish oil presented lower values when compared to the other treatments for Total Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triacylglycerol (p<0.05). The animals treated with fish and olive oils presented better intestinal villosities preservation. Less deposition of lymphocytes was observed in the flaxseed group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that flaxseed, olive and fish oils present different responses than soy oil for the intestinal mucosa preservation and lymphocyte proliferation in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Industrial and Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Inn-Kyu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Governing Factor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microbial Proliferation ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Biomedical Fields

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have diverted the attention of the scientific community and industrialist itself due to their wide range of applications in industry for the preparation of consumer products and highly accepted application in biomedical fields (especially their efficacy against microbes, anti-inflammatory effects, and wound healing ability). The governing factor for their potent efficacy against microbes is considered to be the various mechanisms enabling it to prevent microbial proliferation and their infections. Furthermore a number of new techniques have been developed to synthesize Ag-NPs with controlled size and geometry. In this review, various synthetic routes adapted for the preparation of the Ag-NPs, the mechanisms involved in its antimicrobial activity, its importance/application in commercial as well as biomedical fields, and possible application in future have been discussed in detail.

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