scholarly journals Morphometric and Statistical Analysis of the Palmaris Longus Muscle in Human and Non-Human Primates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roqueline A. G. M. F. Aversi-Ferreira ◽  
Rafael Vieira Bretas ◽  
Rafael Souto Maior ◽  
Munkhzul Davaasuren ◽  
Carlos Alberto Paraguassú-Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joint ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Palmaris Longus

The palmaris longus is considered a phylogenetic degenerate metacarpophalangeal joint flexor muscle in humans, a small vestigial forearm muscle; it is the most variable muscle in humans, showing variation in position, duplication, slips and could be reverted. It is frequently studied in papers about human anatomical variations in cadavers andin vivo, its variation has importance in medical clinic, surgery, radiological analysis, in studies about high-performance athletes, in genetics and anthropologic studies. Most studies about palmaris longus in humans are associated to frequency or case studies, but comparative anatomy in primates and comparative morphometry were not found in scientific literature. Comparative anatomy associated to morphometry of palmaris longus could explain the degeneration observed in this muscle in two of three of the great apes. Hypothetically, the comparison of the relative length of tendons and belly could indicate the pathway of the degeneration of this muscle, that is, the degeneration could be associated to increased tendon length and decreased belly from more primitive primates to those most derivate, that is, great apes to modern humans. In conclusion, in primates, the tendon of the palmaris longus increase from Lemuriformes to modern humans, that is, from arboreal to terrestrial primates and the muscle became weaker and tending to be missing.

scholarly journals Comparative Anatomy of Mandibular Neurovascular Canals in Modern Human and Great Apes: A Pilot Study with Cone Beam Computed to Mography

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Livia Corpas ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Bassant Mowafey ◽  
Patrick Semal ◽  
Xin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Incisive Canal ◽  
Bone Width

The aim of the present study was to compare mandibular neurovascular canal anatomy in human and great apes by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The anatomical variability of mandibular neurovascular canals (mandibular, incisive and lingual canals) of 129 modern humans and great apes (Homo, Pan and Gorilla) were analyzed by linear measurements on CBCT images. The Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and Dunn’s all pairs for joint ranks were applied to compare the variability of mandibular canals among these groups. Human, Chimpanzee and Gorilla groups showed significant differences in the dimensions of the mandibular canal, mental foramen, incisive canal, lingual canal and anterior mandibular bone width. Bifid mandibular canals and anterior loops were the anatomical variations most frequently observed in the Gorilla. Humans had a larger mental foramen and a distinctive incisive canal. The latter could not be identified in the Gorilla group. The variability in the anatomy within mandibles of human and non-human primates, shows different forms in the neurovascular structures. In comparison to the mandible of great apes, the incisive canal is suggested to be a feature unique to the human mandible.

scholarly journals Morphological Study Of Palmaris Longus Muscle

10.3823/2485 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Male Subject ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽  
The University

Background: The palmaris longus is one of the most variable muscle in the human body, this variations are important not only for the anatomist but also radiologist, orthopaedic, plastic surgeons, clinicians, therapists. In view of this significance is performed this study with the purpose to determine the morphological variations of palmaris longus muscle. Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study. The upper limbs region (34 sides) were dissected carefully and photographed in the Morphology Laboratory at the University of Pamplona. Of the 34 limbs studied, 30 showed normal morphology of the Palmaris longus muscle (PL) (88,2%); PL was absent in 3 subjects (8,85% of all examined forearm). Unilateral absence was found in 1 male subject (2,95% of all examined forearm); bilateral agenesis was found in 2 female subjects (5,9% of all examined forearm). Duplicated PL muscle was found in 1 male subject (2,95 % of all examined forearm). The palmaris longus muscle was innervated by branches of the median nerve .The accessory palmaris longus muscle was supplied by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve.  Palmaris longus muscle is a muscle located in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm. It has a small belly arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and its long thin tendon inserts into the palmar aponeurosis in the hand, the muscle has importance in medical clinic, surgery, radiological analysis, in studies about high-performance athletes, in genetics and anthropologic studies. Conclusions: The anatomical variations of the palmaris longus muscle must be documented of their clinical significance and their potential use in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery.

Click Chemistry Expedited Radiosynthesis: Sulfur [18F]fluoride Exchange of Aryl Fluorosulfates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinheng Zheng ◽  
Hongtao Xu ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Wen-Ge Han Du ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Click Chemistry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Isotopic Exchange ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Radiochemical Yield ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Molar Activity ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Sulfur Fluoride

The lack of simple, efficient [<sup>18</sup>F]fluorination processes and new target-specific organofluorine probes remains the major challenge of fluorine-18-based positron emission tomography (PET). We report here a fast isotopic exchange method for the radiosynthesis of aryl [<sup>18</sup>F]fluorosulfate based PET agents enabled by the emerging sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click chemistry. The method has been applied to the fully-automated <sup>18</sup>F-radiolabeling of twenty-five structurally diverse aryl fluorosulfates with excellent radiochemical yield (83–100%) and high molar activity (up to 281 GBq µmol<sup>–1</sup>) at room temperature in 30 seconds. The purification of radiotracers requires no time-consuming high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but rather a simple cartridge filtration. The utility of aryl [<sup>18</sup>F]fluorosulfate is demonstrated by the <i>in vivo</i> tumor imaging by targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1).

Evaluation of New 99mTc(CO)3 + Radiolabeled Glycylglycine In Vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1382-1387
Author(s):  
Ahmet M. Şenışık ◽  
Çiğdem İçhedef ◽  
Ayfer Y. Kılçar ◽  
Eser Uçar ◽  
Kadir Arı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Radiolabeled Peptides ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Biodistribution Data ◽  
Good Accordance ◽  
Rapid Clearance

Background: Peptide-based agents are used in molecular imaging due to their unique properties, such as rapid clearance from the circulation, high affinity and target selectivity. Many of the radiolabeled peptides have been clinically experienced with diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo biological behavior of [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ radiolabeled glycylglycine (GlyGly). Methods: Glycylglycine was radiolabeled with a high radiolabeling yield of 94.69±2%, and quality control of the radiolabeling process was performed by thin layer radiochromatography (TLRC) and High-Performance Liquid Radiochromatography (HPLRC). Lipophilicity study for radiolabeled complex (99mTc(CO)3-Gly-Gly) was carried out using solvent extraction. The in vivo evaluation was performed by both biodistribution and SPECT imaging. Results: The high radiolabelling yield of 99mTc(CO)3-GlyGly was obtained and verified by TLRC and HPLRC as well. According to the in vivo results, SPECT images and biodistribution data are in good accordance. The excretion route from the body was both hepatobiliary and renal. Conclusion: This study shows that 99mTc(CO)3-GlyGly has the potential to be used as a peptide-based imaging agent. Further studies, 99mTc(CO)3-GlyGly can be performed on tumor-bearing animals.

Phytochemical, Analytical and Medicinal Studies of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Simranjeet Singh ◽  
Ragini Bhadouria ◽  
Ravindra Singh ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch (HI) has been used to treat various ailments including obesity, osteoarthritis, arthritis, inflammation, anemia, diabetes etc. To review the major phytochemicals and medicinal properties of HI, exhaustive bibliographic research was designed by means of various scientific search engines and databases. Only 12 phytochemicals have been reported including biologically active compounds like betulin, betulinic acid, epifriedlin, octacosanol, Friedlin, Holoptelin-A and Holoptelin-B. Analytical methods including the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography With Mass Spectral (LC-MS) analysis have been used to analyze the HI. From medicinal potency point of view, these phytochemicals have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. In the current review, it has been noticed that the mechanism of action of HI with biomolecules has not been fully explored. Pharmacology and toxicological studies are very few. This seems a huge literature gap to be fulfilled through the detailed in-vivo and in-vitro studies.

scholarly journals A novel PET tracer 18F-deoxy-thiamine: synthesis, metabolic kinetics, and evaluation on cerebral thiamine metabolism status

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changpeng Wang ◽  
Siwei Zhang ◽  
Yuefei Zou ◽  
Hongzhao Ma ◽  
Donglang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Metabolic Kinetics ◽  
Thiamine Metabolism ◽  
Pet Tracer ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Some neuropsychological diseases are associated with abnormal thiamine metabolism, including Korsakoff–Wernicke syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. However, in vivo detection of the status of brain thiamine metabolism is still unavailable and needs to be developed. Methods A novel PET tracer of 18F-deoxy-thiamine was synthesized using an automated module via a two-step route. The main quality control parameters, such as specific activity and radiochemical purity, were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Radiochemical concentration was determined by radioactivity calibrator. Metabolic kinetics and the level of 18F-deoxy-thiamine in brains of mice and marmosets were studied by micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). In vivo stability, renal excretion rate, and biodistribution of 18F-deoxy-thiamine in the mice were assayed using HPLC and γ-counter, respectively. Also, the correlation between the retention of cerebral 18F-deoxy-thiamine in 60 min after injection as represented by the area under the curve (AUC) and blood thiamine levels was investigated. Results The 18F-deoxy-thiamine was stable both in vitro and in vivo. The uptake and clearance of 18F-deoxy-thiamine were quick in the mice. It reached the max standard uptake value (SUVmax) of 4.61 ± 0.53 in the liver within 1 min, 18.67 ± 7.04 in the kidney within half a minute. The SUV dropped to 0.72 ± 0.05 and 0.77 ± 0.35 after 60 min of injection in the liver and kidney, respectively. After injection, kidney, liver, and pancreas exhibited high accumulation level of 18F-deoxy-thiamine, while brain, muscle, fat, and gonad showed low accumulation concentration, consistent with previous reports on thiamine distribution in mice. Within 90 min after injection, the level of 18F-deoxy-thiamine in the brain of C57BL/6 mice with thiamine deficiency (TD) was 1.9 times higher than that in control mice, and was 3.1 times higher in ICR mice with TD than that in control mice. The AUC of the tracer in the brain of marmosets within 60 min was 29.33 ± 5.15 and negatively correlated with blood thiamine diphosphate levels (r = − 0.985, p = 0.015). Conclusion The 18F-deoxy-thiamine meets the requirements for ideal PET tracer for in vivo detecting the status of cerebral thiamine metabolism.

scholarly journals High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Buprenorphine Evaluation in Plasma—Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies in Rabbits

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Marta Tikhomirov ◽  
Błażej Poźniak ◽  
Tomasz Śniegocki
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Cost Efficient

The precise and reliable determination of buprenorphine concentration is fundamental in certain medical or research applications, particularly in pharmacokinetic studies of this opioid. The main challenge is, however, the development of an analytical method that is sensitive enough, as the detected in vivo concentrations often fall in very low ranges. Thus, in this study we aimed at developing a sensitive, repeatable, cost-efficient, and easy HPLC analytical protocol for buprenorphine in rabbit plasma. In order to obtain this, the HPLC-MS2 system was used to elaborate and validate the method for samples purified with liquid-liquid extraction. Fragment ions 468.6→396.2 and 468.6→414.2 were monitored, and the method resulted in a high repeatability and reproducibility and a limit of quantification of 0.25 µg/L with a recovery of 98.7–109.0%. The method was linear in a range of 0.25–2000 µg/L. The suitability of the analytical procedure was tested in rabbits in a pilot pharmacokinetic study, and it was revealed that the method was suitable for comprehensively describing the pharmacokinetic profile after buprenorphine intravenous administration at a dose of 300 µg/kg. Thus, the method suitability for pharmacokinetic application was confirmed by both the good validation results of the method and successful in vivo tests in rabbits.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of the Methanolic Extract of the Korean Soybean Fermented Product Doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2319
Author(s):  
Klara Lalouckova ◽  
Lucie Mala ◽  
Petr Marsik ◽  
Eva Skrivanova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Antibacterial Compound ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry showed soyasaponin I and the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, and glycitein to be the main components of the methanolic extract of the Korean soybean fermented product doenjang, which is known to be a rich source of naturally occurring bioactive substances, at average contents of 515.40, 236.30, 131.23, and 29.00 ng/mg, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of doenjang against nine Staphylococcusaureus strains was determined in vitro by the broth microdilution method to investigate its potential to serve as an alternative antibacterial compound. The results suggest that the extract is an effective antistaphylococcal agent at concentrations of 2048–4096 µg/mL. Moreover, the tested extract also showed the ability to inhibit the growth of both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant animal and clinical S. aureus isolates. The growth kinetics of the chosen strains of S. aureus at the minimum inhibitory concentration of the methanolic extract of doenjang support the idea that the tested extract acts as an antibacterial compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antistaphylococcal action of the methanolic extract of doenjang thus, additional studies including in vivo testing are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

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