scholarly journals Allocation of Attentional Resources toward a Secondary Cognitive Task Leads to Compromised Ankle Proprioceptive Performance in Healthy Young Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Yasuda ◽  
Yuki Sato ◽  
Naoyuki Iimura ◽  
Hiroyasu Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Attentional Resources

The objective of the present study was to determine whether increased attentional demands influence the assessment of ankle joint proprioceptive ability in young adults. We used a dual-task condition, in which participants performed an ankle ipsilateral position-matching task with and without a secondary serial auditory subtraction task during target angle encoding. Two experiments were performed with two different cohorts: one in which the auditory subtraction task was easy (experiment 1a) and one in which it was difficult (experiment 1b). The results showed that, compared with the single-task condition, participants had higher absolute error under dual-task conditions in experiment 1b. The reduction in position-matching accuracy with an attentionally demanding cognitive task suggests that allocation of attentional resources toward a difficult second task can lead to compromised ankle proprioceptive performance. Therefore, these findings indicate that the difficulty level of the cognitive task might be the possible critical factor that decreased accuracy of position-matching task. We conclude that increased attentional demand with difficult cognitive task does influence the assessment of ankle joint proprioceptive ability in young adults when measured using an ankle ipsilateral position-matching task.

The effect of a perceptual cognitive task on exercise performance: the dual-task condition after brain injury

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Dawes ◽  
Janet Cockburn ◽  
N K Roach ◽  
Derick T Wade ◽  
Andrew Bateman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition

Vision and Haptics Share Spatial Attentional Resources and Visuotactile Integration Is Not Affected by High Attentional Load

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 371-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil Wahn ◽  
Basil Wahn ◽  
Peter König
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Attentional Load

Human information processing is limited by attentional resources. Two questions that are discussed in multisensory research are (1) whether there are separate spatial attentional resources for each sensory modality and (2) whether multisensory integration is influenced by attentional load. We investigated these questions using a dual task paradigm: Participants performed two spatial tasks (a multiple object tracking [‘MOT’] task and a localization [‘LOC’] task) either separately (single task condition) or simultaneously (dual task condition). In the MOT task, participants visually tracked a small subset of several randomly moving objects. In the LOC task, participants either received visual, tactile, or redundant visual and tactile location cues. In the dual task condition, we found a substantial decrease in participants’ performance and an increase in participants’ mental effort (indicated by an increase in pupil size) relative to the single task condition. Importantly, participants performed equally well in the dual task condition regardless of whether they received visual, tactile, or redundant multisensory (visual and tactile) location cues in the LOC task. This result suggests that having spatial information coming from different modalities does not facilitate performance, thereby indicating shared spatial attentional resources for the tactile and visual modality. Also, we found that participants integrated redundant multisensory information optimally even when they experienced additional attentional load in the dual task condition. Overall, findings suggest that (1) spatial attentional resources for the tactile and visual modality overlap and that (2) the integration of spatial cues from these two modalities occurs at an early pre-attentive processing stage.

Effects of dual-task gait treadmill training on gait ability, dual-task interference, and fall efficacy in people with stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yoon Baek ◽  
Woo Nam Chang ◽  
Beom Yeol Park ◽  
Kyoung Bo Lee ◽  
Kyoung Yee Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Task Training ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of dual-task gait training using a treadmill on gait ability, dual-task interference, and fall efficacy in people with stroke. Methods Patients with chronic stroke (N = 34) were recruited and randomly allocated to the experimental or control group. Both groups underwent gait training on a treadmill and a cognitive task. In the experimental group, gait training was conducted in conjunction with the cognitive task, whereas in the control group, the training and the cognitive task were conducted separately. Each intervention was provided for 60 minutes, twice a week, for a period of 6 weeks for both groups. The primary outcomes were as follows: gait parameters (speed, stride, variability, and cadence) under single-task and dual-task conditions, correct response rate (CRR) under single-task and dual-task conditions, and dual-task cost (DTC) in gait parameters and CRR. The secondary outcome was the fall efficacy scale. Results Dual-task gait training using a treadmill improved all gait parameters in the dual-task condition, speed, stride, and variability in the single-task condition, and CRR in both conditions. Difference between the groups was observed in speed, stride, and variability in the dual-task condition. Furthermore, dual-task gait training on a treadmill improved DTC in speed, variability, and cadence along with that in CRR, indicating true improvement of DTC, which led to significant improvement in DTC in speed and variability compared with single-task training. Conclusions Dual-task gait treadmill training was more effective in improving gait ability in dual-task training and DTI than single-task training involving gait and cognitive task separately in people with chronic stroke.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging, Behavioral, and Gait Correlates of Fall Profile in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal M. Kirby ◽  
Sreekrishna Pillai ◽  
Robert M. Brouillette ◽  
Jeffrey N. Keller ◽  
Alyssa N. De Vito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Dual Task Performance

Prior research has suggested that measurements of brain functioning and performance on dual tasks (tasks which require simultaneous performance) are promising candidate predictors of fall risk among older adults. However, no prior study has investigated whether brain function measurements during dual task performance could improve prediction of fall risks and whether the type of subtasks used in the dual task paradigm affects the strength of the association between fall characteristics and dual task performance. In this study, 31 cognitively normal, community-dwelling older adults provided a self-reported fall profile (number of falls and fear of falling), completed a gait dual task (spell a word backward while walking on a GaitRite mat), and completed a supine dual task (rhythmic finger tapping with one hand while completing the AX continuous performance task (AX-CPT) with the other hand) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Gait performance, AX-CPT reaction time and accuracy, finger tapping cadence, and brain functioning in finger-tapping-related and AX-CPT-related brain regions all showed declines in the dual task condition compared to the single task condition. Dual-task gait, AX-CPT and finger tapping performance, and brain functioning were all independent predictors of fall profile. No particular measurement domain stood out as being the most strongly associated measure with fall variables. Fall characteristics are determined by multiple factors; brain functioning, motor task, and cognitive task performance in challenging dual-task conditions all contribute to the risk of falling.

scholarly journals Task matters: an investigation on the effect of different secondary tasks on dual-task gait in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ting Goh ◽  
Miranda Pearce ◽  
Asha Vas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Background Dual-task gait performance declines as humans age, leading to increased fall risk among older adults. It is unclear whether different secondary cognitive tasks mediate age-related decline in dual-task gait. This study aimed to examine how type and difficulty level of the secondary cognitive tasks differentially affect dual-task gait in older adults. Methods Twenty young and twenty older adults participated in this single-session study. We employed four different types of secondary tasks and each consisted of two difficulty levels, yielding eight different dual-task conditions. The dual-task conditions included walking and 1) counting backward by 3 s or by 7 s; 2) remembering a 5-item or 7-item lists; 3) responding to a simple or choice reaction time tasks; 4) generating words from single or alternated categories. Gait speed and cognitive task performance under single- and dual-task conditions were used to compute dual-task cost (DTC, %) with a greater DTC indicating a worse performance. Results A significant three-way interaction was found for the gait speed DTC (p = .04). Increased difficulty in the reaction time task significantly increased gait speed DTC for older adults (p = .01) but not for young adults (p = .90). In contrast, increased difficulty level in the counting backward task significantly increased gait speed DTC for young adults (p = .03) but not for older adults (p = .85). Both groups responded similarly to the increased task difficulty in the other two tasks. Conclusions Older adults demonstrated a different response to dual-task challenges than young adults. Aging might have different impacts on various cognitive domains and result in distinctive dual-task gait interference patterns.

scholarly journals MEASURING COGNITIVE TASK DEMANDS USING DUAL-TASK METHODOLOGY, SUBJECTIVE SELF-RATINGS, AND EXPERT JUDGMENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Révész ◽  
Marije Michel ◽  
Roger Gilabert
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Esl Teachers ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
And Task

This study explored the usefulness of dual-task methodology, self-ratings, and expert judgments in assessing task-generated cognitive demands as a way to provide validity evidence for manipulations of task complexity. The participants were 96 students and 61 English as a second language (ESL) teachers. The students, 48 English native speakers and 48 ESL speakers, carried out simple and complex versions of three oral tasks—a picture narrative, a map task, and a decision-making task. Half of the students completed the tasks under a dual-task condition. The remaining half performed the tasks under a single-task condition without a secondary task. Participants in the single condition were asked to rate their perceived mental effort and task difficulty. The ESL teachers provided expert judgments of anticipated mental effort and task difficulty along with explanations for their ratings via an online questionnaire. As predicted, the more complex task versions were found and judged to pose greater cognitive effort on most measures.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT VISUAL ATTENTION TASKS ON OBSTACLE CROSSING IN HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550059 ◽  
Author(s):  
On-Yee Lo ◽  
Li-Shan Chou
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Visuospatial Attention ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Obstacle Crossing ◽  
Attention Tasks

Dual-task obstacle crossing gait paradigms are commonly adopted to examine how attentional demands are associated with sensory-motor processing during obstacle crossing. Various attention tasks have been used with mixed findings. This raises a question whether and how different attention tasks would affect motor function differently. Therefore, we examined and compared the effects of two visual attention tasks on obstacle crossing in healthy young adults. In the first experiment, 10 young adults responded to a 200[Formula: see text]ms visuospatial attention task during the approaching phase of obstacle crossing. In the second experiment, another 10 young adults responded to a visual Stroop task while approaching and crossing an obstacle. In both experiments, subjects completed an obstacle crossing only, a visual attention only, or a dual-task obstacle crossing condition in a random order. Dual-task costs were calculated for each visual attention task on the accuracy rates, toe-obstacle clearances and gait velocities. Two tripping incidences occurred only in the dual-task condition with visuospital attention task. Trailing toe-obstacle clearance reduced in the dual-task condition with visuospital attention task, but toe-obstacle clearances of both limbs increased in the dual-task condition with Stroop task. Gait velocities were not affected by the visuospatial attention task but were significantly reduced when concurrently performing the Stroop task. Dual-task costs were significantly different between two experiments on the gait velocity and toe clearances, but not on the accuracy rate. Our findings demonstrated that different visual attention tasks lead to distinct modifications on obstacle crossing behaviors.

Increased Cognitive Load Reveals Unilateral Neglect and Altitudinal Extinction in Chronic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Andres ◽  
Laurie Geers ◽  
Sophie Marnette ◽  
Françoise Coyette ◽  
Mario Bonato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm

AbstractObjective: Neuropsychological studies suggest that the ability to compensate for the presence of spatial neglect highly depends on the attentional resources a patient can rely on. The present research aimed to study neglect in situations where attentional resources are limited due to multitasking. Method: We examined two patients more than 3 years after a right-hemispheric stroke. Both had received neuropsychological rehabilitation for left neglect and did not show any impairment in standard tests. We used a dual-task paradigm combining a peripheral target detection task with a central shape recognition task. Peripheral targets could appear in left/right positions but also in lower/upper positions. Results: In patient #1, dual-task condition exacerbated left neglect and extinction. Patient #2 did not show any sign of neglect along the horizontal axis, but omitted half of the lower targets when they were presented simultaneously with upper targets under dual-task condition. This behavior reflects altitudinal extinction as the detection of single targets appearing either in upper or lower position was preserved. Conclusion: The present findings show that dual-tasking is a sensitive tool for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of spatial attention deficits, which are often overlooked by standard methods, especially in chronic stage. (JINS, 2019, 25, 644–653)

scholarly journals Balance performance maintained during dual-task condition with a cognitive task across menstrual cycle

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S6.1-S6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Ni ◽  
Joseph Hazzard ◽  
Pamela Smith
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Task Conditions

BackgroundDual-task, performing a balance task and a cognitive task simultaneously, has been used as sport-related concussion assessment tool. However, the effect of dual task on balance performance remains controversial. Also, the fluctuation of hormone across menstrual cycle on balance and dual-task performance has not been fully examined.ObjectiveTo examine (1) the effect of dual task on balance performance, (2) the interaction of female sex hormonal level, balance, and dual-task performance.DesignA cohort study.SettingA laboratory of concussion research and services.ParticipantsA group of 49 healthy female college-aged students (age = 21.6 ± 2.0 years).Main outcome measuresThe Stability Evaluation Test (SET) protocol, Balance error scoring system (BESS) test and postural sway velocity (deg/sec) by using VSR SPORT force plate. Three auditory mathematics questions were given for each condition of the SET test. Two single-task conditions were provided, including balance only and math only. Balance test and math questions were given simultaneously during the dual-task condition.ResultsThere was no significantly statistically difference in BESS or sway velocity between single and dual task. However, the performance of math calculation is better in dual-task comparing to the single task (math only), with an 8%–12% higher rate of accuracy, but it didn't reach a statistical significance. The rate of accuracy during the dual task didn't vary among menstrual phases.ConclusionsBalance performance was maintained under dual-task conditions and fluctuation of female sex hormones across the menstrual cycle may not affect working memory and executive function. These findings are potentially clinically applicable to detecting balance deficits and cognitive alterations in female concussed individuals. Future studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanism of balance maintenance and attention dividend under dual-task conditions.

2BALANCE: Test-retest reliability of a cognitive-motor dual-task protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Maya Danneels ◽  
Ruth Van Hecke ◽  
Laura Leyssens ◽  
Dirk Cambier ◽  
Raymond van de Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Mental Rotation Task ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

PURPOSE: Aside from typical symptoms such as dizziness and vertigo, persons with vestibular disorders often have cognitive and motor problems. These symptoms have been assessed in single-task condition. However, dual-tasks assessing cognitive-motor interference might be an added value as they reflect daily life situations better. Therefore, the 2BALANCE protocol was developed. In the current study, the test-retest reliability of this protocol was assessed. METHODS: The 2BALANCE protocol was performed twice in 20 healthy young adults with an in-between test interval of two weeks. Two motor tasks and five different cognitive tasks were performed in single and dual-task condition. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), the standard error of measurement, and the minimal detectable difference were calculated. RESULTS: All cognitive tasks, with the exception of the mental rotation task, had favorable reliability results (0.26≤ICC≤0.91). The dynamic motor task indicated overall substantial reliability values in all conditions (0.67≤ICC≤0.98). Similar results were found for the static motor task during dual-tasking (0.50≤ICC≤0.92), but were slightly lower in single-task condition (–0.26≤ICC≤0.75). CONCLUSIONS: The 2BALANCE protocol was overall consistent across trials. However, the mental rotation task showed lowest reliability values.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document