scholarly journals Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during Intrauterine Period, Promotes Caspase Dependent and Independent DNA Fragmentation in Sertoli-Germ Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beril Yüksel ◽  
Sevtap Kilic ◽  
Nese Lortlar ◽  
Nicel Tasdemir ◽  
Semra Sertyel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Intrauterine Life ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives. To investigate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure during intrauterine period on neonatal rat testis. Methods. Twenty-five rats were randomized to be exposed to cigarette smoke with the Walton Smoking Machine or to room air during their pregnancies. The newborn male rats (n=21) were grouped as group 1 (n=15) which were exposed to cigarette smoke during intrauterine life and group 2 (n=6) which were exposed to room air during intrauterine life. The orchiectomy materials were analyzed with TUNEL immunofluorescent staining for detection of DNA damage. To detect apoptosis, immunohistochemical analyses with caspase-3 were performed. Primary outcomes were apoptotic index and immunohistochemical scores (HSCORES); secondary outcomes were Sertoli-cell count and birth-weight of rats. Results. Sertoli cell apoptosis was increased in group 1 (HSCORE =210.6±41.9) when compared to group 2 (HSCORE =100.0±17.8) (P=0.001). Sertoli cell count was decreased in group 1 (P=0.043). The HSCORE for the germ cells was calculated as 214.0±46.2 in group 1 and 93.3±10.3 in group 2 (P=0.001) referring to an increased germ cell apoptosis in group 1. The apoptotic indexes for group 1 were 49.6±9.57 and 29.98±2.34 for group 2 (P=0.001). The immunofluorescent technique demonstrated increased DNA damage in seminiferous epithelium in group 1. Conclusions. Intrauterine exposure to cigarette smoke adversely affects neonatal testicular structuring and diminishes testicular reserve.

Association between germline DNA damage repair-related genes mutation and tumor mutational burden in lung cancer patients.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21163-e21163
Author(s):  
Wei Nie ◽  
Hua Zhong ◽  
Ding Zhang ◽  
Shiqing Chen ◽  
Baohui Han
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Damage Repair ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Mutational Burden ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Tumor Mutational Burden ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

e21163 Background: Deleterious somatic DNA damage repair (DDR) gene mutations are frequent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are associated with improved clinical outcomes of immunotherapy. DDR gene mutations are associated with higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) in cancer. However, the effect of germline DDR-related genes mutation with different functional annotations on TMB in NSCLC patients is still unclear. Methods: 1671 Chinese patients with NSCLC were enrolled in this study. Genomic profiling was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples or peripheral blood by next generation sequencing (NGS) with 733 cancer-related genes panel. The germline mutation data were obtained. All annotations in clinical significance were according to the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics-Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG-AMP) guidelines. Results: 1076 patients (64.39%) had germline DDR-related gene mutations and 595 (35.61%) had no germline DDR-related gene mutations. Among patients with DDR-related gene mutations, 78 (7.25%) patients had the pathogenic (P) mutations or likely pathogenic (LP) mutations and 1056 (98.14%) had variants of unknown significance (VOUS) mutations. In total, the median TMB was 3.91 mutations/MB (range, 0-68.16) and 4.47 mutations/MB (range, 0-51.40) in patients with P, LP or VOUS mutations and no germline DDR-related gene mutations, respectively. To the further analysis, we divided patients with germline DDR-related gene mutations into three groups: only P or LP mutations (Group 1), only VOUS mutations (Group 2) and concurrence with P/LP/VOUS mutations (Group 3). Compare to the DDR-negative group, TMB was significantly lower in Group 2 (P < 0.001). No significant differences in Group 1 and Group 3 were observed. In addition, we found that mutations in different DDR pathway could not affect TMB value significantly. Conclusions: Germline DNA damage repair-related genes mutation may be not associated with TMB.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Nasal Mucosa of Rats Against the Histopathologic Changes in Cigarette Smoke Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
Özlem Akkoca ◽  
Ceren Ersoz Unlu ◽  
Ilkan Tatar ◽  
Mustafa Fevzi Sargon ◽  
Dilara Zeybek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Smoking is a public health problem that has been proven to have adverse effects on human health. Aerobic exercise has positive effects on the human body, especially on the respiratory system. Objective: The aim of this experimental animal model study was to determine whether regular aerobic exercise has a protective effect against the harmful effects of cigarette smoke on the nasal mucosa of rats. Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into 3 groups of 8: group 1 (cigarette smoking), group 2 (cigarette smoking and exercise), and group 3 (control group). At the end of the experiment period, histopathological (light and electron microscopy) and immunohistochemical (GSTA 1, CYP1A1, and CYP2E1) evaluations were made of the nasal mucosa of the animals. Results: Goblet cell loss and basal membrane thickening were significantly lower in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1. In the electron microscope evaluation, the inflammatory expressions of the goblet cells were observed in a very small area in group 2. In group 1, these were distributed over large areas between the mucosal cells. There was seen to be significant swelling of the mitochondria in group 1 compared to the other groups. No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups with respect to GSTA1, CYP2E1, and CYP1A1 scores ( P > .05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that regular aerobic exercise has a protective effect against the harmful effects of smoking on the nasal mucosa of rats.

scholarly journals A Cytogenetic Study on the Efficacy of Chyawanprash Awaleha as an Antioxidant in Oral Premalignant Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Uma ◽  
Dhananjay S. Kotasthane
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Betel Quid ◽  
Satellite Association ◽  
Betel Quid Chewing ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Oral Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Group 1

Background. Chyawanprash awaleha (Cp) is an Ayurvedic rasayana formulation and is used as a genoprotective agent. Objective. The present cytogenetic study has been done to investigate the efficacy of Cp against betel quid chewers suffering from oral precancerous lesions through satellite association (SA) assay. Materials and Methods. The frequency of SA was analyzed in 21 betel quid chewing oral precancerous lesions patients and then they were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 15 patients, advised to quit betel quid chewing and fed with 20 gms of Cp, twice a day for three months. Group 2 consisted of 6 patients, who refused Cp feed but accepted to quit betel quid chewing. At the end of three months, both groups were assessed cytogenetically. Results. The frequency of SA was statistically significant in both groups, but an elevated mean difference was observed more in Group 1 than in Group 2. Conclusion. The study indicates that betel quid cessation reduces the effect of DNA damage in oral precancerous lesions. But the increased mean difference in SA in Group 1 compared to Group 2 clearly indicates that Cp can further minimize the genotoxic effect caused by mutagenic agents present in betel quid.

scholarly journals Histomorphological evaluation of osteoclast cell count in femur bone of mice induced by anastrazole and protective effect of olive oil.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1837-1843
Author(s):  
Anjum Ishaque ◽  
Saima Nadeem ◽  
Shagufta Nisar ◽  
Hasnain Ali Shah ◽  
Khalid Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Femur Bone ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The objective of this study is to find out protective effect of olive oil to prevent bone loss by decreasing osteoclast count in patient receiving Anastrazole. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Animal House, Peshawar and Pathology Lab KGMC Peshawar. Period: March 2019 to December 2019. Material & Methods: Sixty female albino mice 6-8 weeks of age were selected for this experimental study and Aromatase inhibitor drug Anastrazole was given alone and in combination with olive oil once daily for 30 successive days. Femur bone samples were collected and stained with Eosin and Hematoxylin for histomorphological evaluation of osteoclast cell count in three all three groups i.e. control group, those receiving Anastrazole alone and those given Anastrazole and olive oil in combination. Results: The mean weight of all experimental female albino mice before study was 30.77- 33.05 grams and after the study was 30.84- 21.31 grams. Control group 1 which was given normal diet showed increased weight of mice with less osteoclast cell count as compared to experimental groups (2 and 3).  In group 2 (Drugged) which was given Anastrazole, weight of were lesser than control group 1 and group 3(Anastrazole + olive oil), while, osteoclast score was greater than group 1(control) and group 3 (Anastrazole + olive oil). Group3 (Drugged+ Olive oil) showed greater weight of mice than group 2 (Anastrazole) but, lesser than control group 1. Osteoclast score was greater than control group but lesser than group 2 (Anastrazole). Conclusion: The results showed positive and protective effects of olive oil against Anastrazole induced bone loss in female albino mice.

scholarly journals Effect of donor and host factors on corneal graft transparency

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Dr. Amisha Jain ◽  
◽  
Dr. Hema Joshi ◽  
Dr. Nimish Jain ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Graft Failure ◽  
Failure Group ◽  
Endothelial Cell Count ◽  
Donor Factors ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: To study the correlation between donor factors and recipients' factors on graft clarity.Materials and methods: The study comprised 30 cases of Keratoplasty surgery with a follow up of6 months. All donor corneas were evaluated by Konan specular microscope for endothelial cellcount; details of the donor like age, cause of death were noted. The patients were divided into twogroups, Group 1 had graft failure, and Group 2 had clear corneas. Observation and Result: Therewere 12 patients in group 1 and 18 patients in group 2 with six months of follow up. The meanendothelial cell count in group 1 was 1942.3/mm2, and group 2 was 2334.8/mm2. There is asignificant difference in the mean endothelial cell count between the two groups. On analysing theindication for Keratoplasty in two groups, the outcome was best for the corneal opacity group duringworst for the graft failure group. Conclusion: Donor endothelial cell count significantly influencedgraft outcome; rest donor factors (age, death enucleation interval, enucleation surgery interval)don't affect graft survival. Indication for Keratoplasty is a significant predictor of graft survival.

scholarly journals 113 Somatic cells as an indicator of quality of the cow’s milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Kirill Plemyashov ◽  
Nikolai Bogachev ◽  
Valerii G Skopichev ◽  
Nataliya A Panova ◽  
Fliura Alistratova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Foam Forming ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Group 1

Abstract When udder becomes inflamed during lactation, significant increase of somatic cells count in milk occurs. That is why an express-test based on surfactant’s effects was created. For this purpose 3 groups of samples were formed according to the somatic cell count in cm 3: group 1 - over 4.0*10^5 per cm3 (60 samples); group 2 - up to 4.0*10^5 in cm3 (100 samples); group 3 (control) - 3.0*10^5 in cm3 (30 samples). Experiments were conducted in the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods. Total amount of examined samples is 190. Somatic cell count in the samples was counted by viscometric method with the use of “Somatos-B.” We use the milk of animals 10–15 days after calving. Milk was mixed 1:1 with reagent, then after 3–4 tube shaking a height of foam column was determined. In the presence of somatic cells the foam forming is depressed. There was a positive reaction with column’s height from 3 to 10 (foaming) and negative reaction is considered to be from 0 to 3 (no foaming). There was a California mastitis test (CMT) as a control which is highly usable as an express-test in Leningrad region of Russia. The comparison of the results of two test show: on group 1 according to CMT 40 samples were positive, and foaming test determined 60 cases of somatic cells count increasing. On 2 group according to CMT 10 samples were positive and foaming test determined 60 cases of somatic cells count increasing. On 3 group according to CMT 1 sample was positive and foaming test not determined any somatic cells count increasing. This express method is not requires a big amount of time – it takes 8–10 seconds to mix a reagent and milk and evaluate results. So this method allows us to increase the mastitis diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Importance of haemogram parameters for prediction of the time of birth in women diagnosed with threatened preterm labour

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052091843
Author(s):  
Harun Egemen Tolunay ◽  
Erkan Elci
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Preterm Labour ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Lymphocyte Cell ◽  
Neutrophil Cell ◽  
Group 1

Objective This study aimed to estimate the importance of complete blood count parameters for predicting the timing of birth in threatened preterm labour cases. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 92 patients who were diagnosed with threatened preterm labour (24–34 gestational weeks). The patients were divided into two groups according to the time of birth (group 1: delivered within the first week after diagnosis; group 2: delivered later than 1 week). We compared characteristics and complete blood count parameters between these two groups. Results There were no significant differences in maternal age, body mass index, gravida, parity, haemoglobin levels, and gestational weeks between the two groups. The mean cervical length was 24.24 ± 3.60 mm in group 1 and 30.70 ± 5.32 mm in group 2. There were significant differences in the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell count, red cell distribution width (RDW), absolute lymphocyte cell count, and absolute neutrophil cell count between the two groups. Conclusion Maternal serum RDW, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell count, absolute lymphocyte cell count, and the absolute neutrophil cell count profile could guide clinicians in predicting the time of birth in threatened preterm labour cases.

Sperm DNA damage is related to field fertility of semen from young Norwegian Red bulls

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Waterhouse ◽  
T. Haugan ◽  
E. Kommisrud ◽  
A. Tverdal ◽  
G. Flatberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Sperm Dna Damage ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotide Transferase ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Acrosome Integrity ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Flow cytometry was utilised for the first time to independently measure five sperm parameters of individual spermatozoa of bull ejaculates to differentiate between outcome successes after artificial insemination (AI). These parameters included plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, mitochondrial functionality and DNA damage measured by sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assays. For each parameter, results of 142 ejaculates (30 bulls) were ranked into three groups according to their flow cytometric measures: (1) ejaculates with the 25% lowest measures; (2) the 50% middle measures; and (3) the 25% highest measures. In total, 20 272 first-service inseminations (18 × 106 spermatozoa per AI dose) were performed, where fertility was defined as non-return within 60 days after first insemination. While plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial functionality were not significantly related to fertility, data from SCSA and TUNEL assays were significantly associated with fertility. Ejaculates in SCSA group 1 had higher odds of AI success (1.07, 95% CI = 1.02–1.12), whereas those in group 3 had lower odds of AI success (0.94, 95% CI = 0.89–0.99), compared with the average odds of all three groups. Ejaculates in group 2 did not have significantly higher odds of AI success compared with the average odds. For TUNEL-positive spermatozoa, the odds of AI success was higher in group 1 compared with the average odds (1.10, 95% CI = 1.02–1.13), whereas odds of AI success in groups 2 and 3 were not significant compared with the average odds. In conclusion, despite the high number of spermatozoa per AI dose from high-quality bulls, both SCSA and TUNEL assays were valuable measures in this study for evaluating sperm quality in relation to fertility after AI.

Cigarette smoke exposure aggravates air space enlargement and alveolar cell apoptosis in Smad3 knockout mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. L391-L401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Farkas ◽  
Daniela Farkas ◽  
David Warburton ◽  
Jack Gauldie ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Alveolar Cell ◽  
Air Space

The concept of genetic susceptibility factors predisposing cigarette smokers to develop emphysema stems from the clinical observation that only a fraction of smokers develop clinically significant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We investigated whether Smad3 knockout mice, which develop spontaneous air space enlargement after birth because of a defect in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, develop enhanced alveolar cell apoptosis and air space enlargement following cigarette smoke exposure. We investigated Smad3−/− and Smad3+/+ mice at different adult ages and determined air space enlargement, alveolar cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, laser-capture microdissection and real-time PCR were used to measure compartment-specific gene expression. We then compared the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on Smad3−/− and littermate controls. Smad3 knockout resulted in the development of air space enlargement in the adult mouse and was associated with decreased alveolar VEGF levels and activity and increased alveolar cell apoptosis. Cigarette smoke exposure aggravated air space enlargement and alveolar cell apoptosis. We also found increased Smad2 protein expression and phosphorylation, which was enhanced following cigarette smoke exposure, in Smad3-knockout animals. Double immunofluorescence analysis revealed that endothelial apoptosis started before epithelial apoptosis. Our data indicate that balanced TGF-β signaling is not only important for regulation of extracellular matrix turnover, but also for alveolar cell homeostasis. Impaired signaling via the Smad3 pathway results in alveolar cell apoptosis and alveolar destruction, likely via increased Smad2 and reduced VEGF expression and might represent a predisposition for accelerated development of emphysema due to cigarette smoke exposure.

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