scholarly journals Microanatomical Study of Embryonic Gonadal Development in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sittipon Intarapat ◽  
Orawan Satayalai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Gonadal Differentiation ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Germ Cell Migration ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Embryonic Ovary

Gonadal development of quail embryos was examined histologically using histological and histochemical methods. In the present study, quail embryos were studied at various stages of incubation period based on phases of gonadogenesis. Germ cell migration was observed on day 3-4 but gonadal differentiation and gonadal function were observed on day 6–8 and day 11–14, respectively. During germ cell migration, quail primordial germ cells (qPGCs) were successfully detected in both left and right genital ridges as well as the dorsal mesentery by lectin histochemistry. Unexpectedly, qPGCs-like cells were found next to the neural tube by Mallory-AZAN stain. During gonadal differentiation, embryonic sex can be distinguished histologically since day 8 of incubation. Embryonic testis exhibited a thin cortex, whereas embryonic ovary exhibited a thick cortex. Testicular cord formation was found in the medulla of embryonic testes while the lacunae and fat-laden cells were found in the medulla of embryonic ovary during gonadal function. This is the first report on a comparison of phases of gonadogenesis and histochemical study of quail embryonic gonads in both sexes.

Primordial Germ Cell Migration and Histological and Molecular Characterization of Gonadal Differentiation in Pachón Cavefish Astyanax mexicanus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Boudjema Imarazene ◽  
Séverine Beille ◽  
Elodie Jouanno ◽  
Adéle Branthonne ◽  
Violette Thermes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Gonadal Differentiation ◽  
Astyanax Mexicanus

The genetic regulatory network governing vertebrate gonadal differentiation appears less conserved than previously thought. Here, we investigated the gonadal development of Astyanax mexicanus Pachón cavefish by looking at primordial germ cells (PGCs) migration and proliferation, gonad histology, and gene expression patterns. We showed that PGCs are first detected at the 80% epiboly stage and then reach the gonadal primordium at 1 day post-fertilization (dpf). However, in contrast to the generally described absence of PGCs proliferation during their migration phase, PGCs number in cavefish doubles between early neurula and 8–9 somites stages. Combining both gonadal histology and vasa (germ cell marker) expression patterns, we observed that ovarian and testicular differentiation occurs around 65 dpf in females and 90 dpf in males, respectively, with an important inter-individual variability. The expression patterns of dmrt1, gsdf, and amh revealed a conserved predominant male expression during cavefish gonadal development, but none of the ovarian differentiation genes, i. e., foxl2a, cyp19a1a, and wnt4b displayed an early sexually dimorphic expression, and surprisingly all these genes exhibited predominant expression in adult testes. Altogether, our results lay the foundation for further research on sex determination and differentiation in A. mexicanus and contribute to the emerging picture that the vertebrate sex differentiation downstream regulatory network is less conserved than previously thought, at least in teleost fishes.

scholarly journals A Selective Screen Reveals Discrete Functional Domains in Drosophila Nanos

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 1825-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Arrizabalaga ◽  
Ruth Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Embryonic Patterning ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
Germ Cell Migration ◽  
Drosophila Protein

AbstractThe Drosophila protein Nanos encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with two zinc finger motifs. In the embryo, Nanos protein function is required for establishment of the anterior-posterior body pattern and for the migration of primordial germ cells. During oogenesis, Nanos protein is involved in the establishment and maintenance of germ-line stem cells and the differentiation of oocyte precursor cells. To establish proper embryonic patterning, Nanos acts as a translational regulator of hunchback RNA. Nanos' targets for germ cell migration and development are not known. Here, we describe a selective genetic screen aimed at isolating new nanos alleles. The molecular and genetic analysis of 68 new alleles has allowed us to identify amino acids critical for nanos function. This analysis shows that the CCHC motifs, which coordinate two metal ions, are essential for all known functions of Nanos protein. Furthermore, a region C-terminal to the zinc fingers seems to constitute a novel functional domain within the Nanos protein. This “tail region” of Nanos is required for abdomen formation and germ cell migration, but not for oogenesis.

Effects of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) on migration of chicken primordial germ cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiang Zhang ◽  
Xiumei Jin ◽  
Haitang Han ◽  
Zandong Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Germ Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Migration And Proliferation ◽  
Migration And Development

Polychlorinated biphenyls cause developmental and physiological anomalies in the reproductive system. This study investigated the effects of 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52), which can produce oestrogenic effects on the homeostasis of chicken primordial germ cells from the initial stage until completion of their settlement in the gonadal primordium. The blastoderm of chicken embryos was injected with 1 μL PCB52 (10 µmol/L) and oestradiol (100 µmol/L) before incubation, and the number of primordial germ cells was determined during their migration and development. The number of primordial germ cells in germinal crescents in PCB52-treated groups was slightly decreased (P = 0.068), but it was reduced significantly at stages 13–15 and 28–30 (P < 0.01, respectively) compared with controls. No obvious effects on primordial germ cell migration were observed with oestradiol treatments. The present results suggest that the influence of PCB52 on chicken primordial germ cell migration and proliferation may be via its toxic effect, not its oestrogen-mimicking effect, and provide information on the sensitivity of primordial germ cells to the direct action of PCB52.

Mouse primordial germ cells lacking beta1 integrins enter the germline but fail to migrate normally to the gonads

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Anderson ◽  
R. Fassler ◽  
E. Georges-Labouesse ◽  
R.O. Hynes ◽  
B.L. Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Integrin Subunit ◽  
Integrin Beta1 ◽  
Germ Cell Migration

Primordial germ cells are the founder cells of the gametes. They are set aside at the initial stages of gastrulation in mammals, become embedded in the hind-gut endoderm, then actively migrate to the sites of gonad formation. The molecular basis of this migration is poorly understood. Here we sought to determine if members of the integrin family of cell surface receptors are required for primordial germ cell migration, as integrins have been implicated in the migration of several other motile cell types. We have established a line of mice which express green fluorescent protein in germline cells that has enabled us to efficiently purify primordial germ cells at different stages by flow cytometry. We have catalogued the spectrum of integrin subunit expression by primordial germ cells during and after migration, using flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Through analysis of integrin beta1(−/−)--&gt;wild-type chimeras, we show that embryonic cells lacking beta1 integrins can enter the germline. However, integrin beta1(−/−) primordial germ cells do not colonize the gonad efficiently. Embryos with targeted deletion of integrin subunit alpha3, alpha6, or alphaV show no major defects in primordial germ cell migration. These results demonstrate a role for beta1-containing integrins in the development of the germline, although an equivalent role for * integrin subunit(s) has yet to be established.

scholarly journals Delay in primordial germ cell migration in adamts9 knockout zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Carver ◽  
Yuanfa He ◽  
Yong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Ring Stage ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Germ Cell Migration ◽  
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase

AbstractAdamts9 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 9) is one of a few metalloproteinases structurally conserved from C. elegans to humans and is indispensable in germ cell migration in invertebrates. However, adamts9′s roles in germ cell migration in vertebrates has not been examined. In the present study, we found zygotic expression of adamts9 started around the germ ring stage and reached peak levels at 3 days post fertilization (dpf) in zebrafish. The migration of primordial germ cells (PGC) was completed within 24 hours (h) in wildtype siblings, while a delay in PGC migration was found at 15 and 24-h post-fertilization (hpf) in the Adamts9 knockout (KO). However, the delayed PGC migration in Adamts9 KO disappeared at 48 hpf. Our study suggests a conserved function of Adamts9 in germ cell migration among invertebrates and vertebrates. In addition, our results also suggest that Adamts9 is not essential for germ cell migration as reported in C. elegans, possibly due to expansion of Adamts family members and compensatory roles from other metalloproteinases in vertebrates. Further studies are required in order to elucidate the functions and mechanisms of metalloproteinases in germ cell migration and gonad formation in vertebrates.

zfh-1 is required for germ cell migration and gonadal mesoderm development in Drosophila

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.T. Broihier ◽  
L.A. Moore ◽  
M. Van Doren ◽  
S. Newman ◽  
R. Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Mesoderm Development ◽  
Visceral Mesoderm ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Germ Cell Migration

In Drosophila as well as many vertebrate systems, germ cells form extraembryonically and migrate into the embryo before navigating toward gonadal mesodermal cells. How the gonadal mesoderm attracts migratory germ cells is not understood in any system. We have taken a genetic approach to identify genes required for germ cell migration in Drosophila. Here we describe the role of zfh-1 in germ cell migration to the gonadal mesoderm. In zfh-1 mutant embryos, the initial association of germ cells and gonadal mesoderm is blocked. Loss of zfh-1 activity disrupts the development of two distinct mesodermal populations: the caudal visceral mesoderm and the gonadal mesoderm. We demonstrate that the caudal visceral mesoderm facilitates the migration of germ cells from the endoderm to the mesoderm. Zfh-1 is also expressed in the gonadal mesoderm throughout the development of this tissue. Ectopic expression of Zfh-1 is sufficient to induce additional gonadal mesodermal cells and to alter the temporal course of gene expression within these cells. Finally, through analysis of a tinman zfh-1 double mutant, we show that zfh-1 acts in conjunction with tinman, another homeodomain protein, in the specification of lateral mesodermal derivatives, including the gonadal mesoderm.

Primordial Germ Cell Migration

2014 ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr Dzementsei ◽  
Tomas Pieler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Migration
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