scholarly journals Challenges for Nerve Repair Using Chitosan-Siloxane Hybrid Porous Scaffolds

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Shirosaki ◽  
Satoshi Hayakawa ◽  
Akiyoshi Osaka ◽  
Maria A. Lopes ◽  
José D. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Hybrid Membranes ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Nerve Guides

The treatment of peripheral nerve injuries remains one of the greatest challenges of neurosurgery, as functional recover is rarely satisfactory in these patients. Recently, biodegradable nerve guides have shown great potential for enhancing nerve regeneration. A major advantage of these nerve guides is that no foreign material remains after the device has fulfilled its task, which spares a second surgical intervention. Recently, we studied peripheral nerve regeneration using chitosan-γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (chitosan-GPTMS) porous hybrid membranes. In our studies, these porous membranes significantly improved nerve fiber regeneration and functional recovery in rat models of axonotmetic and neurotmetic sciatic nerve injuries. In particular, the number of regenerated myelinated nerve fibers and myelin thickness were significantly higher in rat treated with chitosan porous hybrid membranes, whether or not they were used in combination with mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord. In this review, we describe our findings on the use of chitosan-GPTMS hybrids for nerve regeneration.

scholarly journals Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Muscle Reinnervation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Neuronal Soma ◽  
Original Target ◽  
Surgical Manipulations

Injured peripheral nerves but not central nerves have the capacity to regenerate and reinnervate their target organs. After the two most severe peripheral nerve injuries of six types, crush and transection injuries, nerve fibers distal to the injury site undergo Wallerian degeneration. The denervated Schwann cells (SCs) proliferate, elongate and line the endoneurial tubes to guide and support regenerating axons. The axons emerge from the stump of the viable nerve attached to the neuronal soma. The SCs downregulate myelin-associated genes and concurrently, upregulate growth-associated genes that include neurotrophic factors as do the injured neurons. However, the gene expression is transient and progressively fails to support axon regeneration within the SC-containing endoneurial tubes. Moreover, despite some preference of regenerating motor and sensory axons to “find” their appropriate pathways, the axons fail to enter their original endoneurial tubes and to reinnervate original target organs, obstacles to functional recovery that confront nerve surgeons. Several surgical manipulations in clinical use, including nerve and tendon transfers, the potential for brief low-frequency electrical stimulation proximal to nerve repair, and local FK506 application to accelerate axon outgrowth, are encouraging as is the continuing research to elucidate the molecular basis of nerve regeneration.

Platelet-Rich Fibrin Conduits as an Alternative to Nerve Autografts for Peripheral Nerve Repair

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (08) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Fernandes ◽  
Sandra Valente ◽  
João Santos ◽  
Rebeca Furukawa ◽  
Carlos Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Graft ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Autogenous Vein

Background Peripheral nerves have limited regeneration capacity despite best efforts. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) contains growth factors that may stimulate peripheral nerve regeneration. This study verified whether nerve regeneration using autogenous vein conduits filled with PRF is comparable to autologous nerve graft, which is the standard treatment. Methods The sciatic nerve of the right paw of inbred rats was dissected, and a 10-mm segment was removed from rats randomized to receive autologous nerve graft (GRAFT) or vein conduit filled with PRF (PRF). A third group (SHAM) underwent surgery without nerve resection. The sciatic functional index (SFI) was measured 0, 30, 60, and 90 days postsurgery. Morphometry and morphology of the distal nerve injury were examined. Motor neurons in the anterior horn of spinal cord stained with FluoroGold and counted. Results No significant difference in SFI was observed between the GRAFT and PRF groups at any time point (all p > 0.05); however, SFI was lower in both groups compared with SHAM (p < 0.05). Morphometric and morphologic indexes were not significantly different between the GRAFT and PRF groups (p > 0.05); however, nerve fibers, axons, and myelin sheaths were thinner in both groups compared with SHAM (p = 0.0001). Average motor neurons' count was similar between the GRAFT and PRF groups (p = 0.91); the count was lower in both groups compared with SHAM (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusion Autologous nerve GRAFT and PRF-filled autogenous vein conduits were associated with similar outcomes, and worse than those observed in SHAM controls. Vein conduits filled with PRF may be a favorable alternative treatment to nerve grafts.

Use of electrospinning to construct biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Quan ◽  
Biao Chang ◽  
Hao Ye Meng ◽  
Ruo Xi Liu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
New Process ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Innovative Techniques

AbstractA number of limitations associated with the use of hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) require further discussion. Most importantly, the functional recovery outcomes after the placement of hollow NGCs are poor even after the successful bridging of peripheral nerve injuries. However, nerve regeneration scaffolds built using electric spinning have several advantages that may improve functional recovery. Thus, the present study summarizes recent developments in this area, including the key cells that are combined with the scaffold and associated with nerve regeneration, the structure and configuration of the electrospinning design (which determines the performance of the electrospinning scaffold), the materials the electrospinning fibers are composed of, and the methods used to control the morphology of a single fiber. Additionally, this study also discusses the processes underlying peripheral nerve regeneration. The primary goals of the present review were to evaluate and consolidate the findings of studies that used scaffolding biomaterials built by electrospinning used for peripheral nerve regeneration support. It is amazing that the field of peripheral nerve regeneration continues to consistently produce such a wide variety of innovative techniques and novel types of equipment, because the introduction of every new process creates an opportunity for advances in materials for nerve repair.

Effects of Hedysari Polysaccharides on Regeneration and Function Recovery Following Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Yin Wei ◽  
Pei-Xun Zhang ◽  
Na Han ◽  
Yu Dang ◽  
Hong-Bo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Function Index ◽  
Main Component ◽  
And Function

It has been demonstrated that aqueous extract of Radix Hedysari Prescription and modified Radix Hedysari Prescription could improve the regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. Radix Hedysari is a main component in these two formulas. We hypothesized that Hedysari polysaccharides (HPS), a main active ingredient, could also enhance peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury in adult animals. In the present study, we examined the effects of HPS on sciatic nerve regeneration for 6 weeks following clamping in rats (administrated orally of 2 ml HPS liquid daily, 0.25 g/ml). The results showed that HPS was able to enhance sciatic function index (SFI) value, tibial function index (TFI) value, peroneal nerve function index (PFI) value, conduction velocity, and the number of regenerated myelinated nerve fibers, suggesting the potential clinical application of HPS for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in humans.

scholarly journals IL-17F depletion accelerates chitosan conduit guided peripheral nerve regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feixiang Chen ◽  
Weihuang Liu ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Ao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury is a serious health problem and repairing long nerve deficits remains a clinical challenge nowadays. Nerve guidance conduit (NGC) serves as the most promising alternative therapy strategy to autografts but its repairing efficiency needs improvement. In this study, we investigated whether modulating the immune microenvironment by Interleukin-17F (IL-17F) could promote NGC mediated peripheral nerve repair. Chitosan conduits were used to bridge sciatic nerve defect in IL-17F knockout mice and wild-type mice with autografts as controls. Our data revealed that IL-17F knockout mice had improved functional recovery and axonal regeneration of sciatic nerve bridged by chitosan conduits comparing to the wild-type mice. Notably, IL-17F knockout mice had enhanced anti-inflammatory macrophages in the NGC repairing microenvironment. In vitro data revealed that IL-17F knockout peritoneal and bone marrow derived macrophages had increased anti-inflammatory markers after treatment with the extracts from chitosan conduits, while higher pro-inflammatory markers were detected in the Raw264.7 macrophage cell line, wild-type peritoneal and bone marrow derived macrophages after the same treatment. The biased anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages by IL-17F knockout probably contributed to the improved chitosan conduit guided sciatic nerve regeneration. Additionally, IL-17F could enhance pro-inflammatory factors production in Raw264.7 cells and wild-type peritoneal macrophages. Altogether, IL-17F may partially mediate chitosan conduit induced pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages during nerve repair. These results not only revealed a role of IL-17F in macrophage function, but also provided a unique and promising target, IL-17F, to modulate the microenvironment and enhance the peripheral nerve regeneration.

Effect of silanization on chitosan porous scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 718-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guicai Li ◽  
Luzhong Zhang ◽  
Caiping Wang ◽  
Xueying Zhao ◽  
Changlai Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Porous Scaffolds

scholarly journals Gellan Gum-based luminal fillers for peripheral nerve regeneration: an in vivo study in the rat sciatic nerve repair model

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Carvalho ◽  
S. Wrobel ◽  
C. Meyer ◽  
C. Brandenberger ◽  
I. F. Cengiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Rat Sciatic Nerve

This experimental work considers the innovative use of the biomaterial Gellan Gum (GG) as a luminal filler for nerve guidance channels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document