scholarly journals A Layered Searchable Encryption Scheme with Functional Components Independent of Encryption Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangchun Luo ◽  
Ningduo Peng ◽  
Ke Qin ◽  
Aiguo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Range Query ◽  
Searchable Encryption ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Keyword Query ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
The Core ◽  
Symmetric Scheme ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Structure And Functions

Searchable encryption technique enables the users to securely store and search their documents over the remote semitrusted server, which is especially suitable for protecting sensitive data in the cloud. However, various settings (based on symmetric or asymmetric encryption) and functionalities (ranked keyword query, range query, phrase query, etc.) are often realized by different methods with different searchable structures that are generally not compatible with each other, which limits the scope of application and hinders the functional extensions. We prove that asymmetric searchable structure could be converted to symmetric structure, and functions could be modeled separately apart from the core searchable structure. Based on this observation, we propose a layered searchable encryption (LSE) scheme, which provides compatibility, flexibility, and security for various settings and functionalities. In this scheme, the outputs of the core searchable component based on either symmetric or asymmetric setting are converted to some uniform mappings, which are then transmitted to loosely coupled functional components to further filter the results. In such a way, all functional components could directly support both symmetric and asymmetric settings. Based on LSE, we propose two representative and novel constructions for ranked keyword query (previously only available in symmetric scheme) and range query (previously only available in asymmetric scheme).

scholarly journals A microfluidic approach for sequential assembly of siRNA polyplexes with a defined structure-activity relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik M. Loy ◽  
Philipp M. Klein ◽  
Rafał Krzysztoń ◽  
Ulrich Lächelt ◽  
Joachim O. Rädler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Folate Receptor ◽  
Endosomal Escape ◽  
The Core ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Lipid Anchor

Therapeutic nucleic acids provide versatile treatment options for hereditary or acquired diseases. Ionic complexes with basic polymers are frequently used to facilitate nucleic acid’s transport to intracellular target sites. Usually, these polyplexes are prepared manually by mixing two components: polyanionic nucleic acids and polycations. However, parameters such as internal structure, size, polydispersity and surface charge of the complexes sensitively affect pharmaceutical efficiency. Hence a controlled assembly is of paramount importance in order to ensure high product quality. In the current study, we present a microfluidic platform for controlled, sequential formulation of polyplexes. We use oligo-amidoamines (termed “oligomers”) with precise molecular weight and defined structure due to their solid phase supported synthesis. The assembly of the polyplexes was performed in a microfluidic chip in two steps employing a design of two successive Y junctions: first, siRNA and core oligomers were assembled into core polyplexes. These core oligomers possess compacting, stabilizing, and endosomal escape mediating motifs. Second, new functional motifs were mixed to the core particles and integrated into the core polyplex. The iterative assembly formed multi-component polyplexes in a highly controlled manner and enabled us to investigate structure-function relationships. We chose nanoparticle shielding polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cell targeting folic acid (termed “PEG-ligands”) as functional components. The PEG-ligands were coupled to lipid anchor oligomers via strain promoted azide—alkyne click chemistry. The lipid anchors feature four cholanic acids for inserting various PEG-ligands into the core polyplex by non-covalent hydrophobic interactions. These core—lipid anchor—PEG-ligand polyplexes containing folate as cell binding ligand were used to determine the optimal PEG-ligand length for transfecting folate receptor-expressing KB cells in vitro. We found that polyplexes with 20 mol % PEG-ligands (relative to ncore oligomer) showed optimal siRNA mediated gene knock-down when containing defined PEG domains of in sum 24 and 36 ethylene oxide repetitions, 12 EOs each from the lipid anchor and 12 or 24 EOs from the PEG-ligand, respectively. These results confirm that transfection efficiency depends on the linker length and stoichiometry and are consistent with previous findings using core—PEG-ligand polyplexes formed by click modification of azide-containing core polyplexes with aforementioned PEG-ligands. Hence, successive microfluidic assembly might be a potentially powerful route to create defined multi-component polyplexes with reduced batch-to-batch variability.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES OF GROUPS G OF DOUBLE ERRORS AND ITS INVARIANTS IN BCH CODES

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
V. A. Lipnitskij ◽  
A. V. Serada
Keyword(s):  
Irreducible Polynomial ◽  
Galois Field ◽  
Bch Codes ◽  
Bch Code ◽  
Polynomial Invariant ◽  
Polynomial Invariants ◽  
The Core ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Complete Set

The goal of the work is the further extending the scope of application of code automorthism in methods and algorithms of error correction by these codes. The effectiveness of such approach was demonstrated by norm of syndrome theory that was developed by Belarusian school of noiseless coding at the turn of the XX and XXI century. The group Г of the cyclical shift of vector component lies at the core of the theory. Under its action The error vectors are divided into disjoint Г-orbits with definite spectrum of syndromes. This allowed to introduce norms of syndrome of a family of BCH codes that are invariant over action of group Г. Norms of syndrome are unique characteristic of error orbit Г of any decoding set, hence it is the basis of permutation norm methods of error decoding. Looking over the Г-orbits of errors not the errors these methods are faster than classic syndrome methods of error decoding, are avoided from the complex process of solving the algebraic equation in Galois field, are simply implemented.A detailed theory for automorphism group G of BCH codes obtained by adding cyclotomic substitution to the group Г develops in the article. The authors held a detailed study of structure of G-orbit of errors as union of orbits Г of error vectors; one-to-one mapping of this structure on the norm structure of group Г. These norms being interconnected by Frobenius automorphism in the Galois field – field of BCH code constitute the complete set of roots of the only irreducible polynomial. It is a polynomial invariant of its orbit G. The main focus of the work is on the description of properties and specific features of groups G of double errors and its polynomial invariants.

Do Family Firms Have Higher or Lower Deal Valuations? A Contextual Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 104225872091095
Author(s):  
Zulfiquer Ali Haider ◽  
Jialong Li ◽  
Yefeng Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Socioemotional Wealth ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Foreign Acquisitions ◽  
Family Governance ◽  
The Core ◽  
Post Hoc

How does the socioemotional wealth (SEW) of a family firm affect its deal valuation in acquisition? Using a sample of 515 completed transactions of S&P 500 firms over the period 2003–2016, we examine a number of contexts and find that SEW creates differential valuations of targets by family firms vis-à-vis non-family firms. Particularly from an internationalization perspective, acquisitions may be an ideal option for family firms because foreign acquisitions may be loosely coupled from the core firm. Post-hoc analyses on the heterogeneity in family governance reveal that founder and descendant board chairs may have different perceptions of SEW.

scholarly journals Computational Network Pharmacology–Based Strategy to Capture Key Functional Components and Decode the Mechanism of Chai-Hu-Shu-Gan-San in Treating Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexin Wang ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Yupeng Chen ◽  
Genxia Wei ◽  
Hailang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Diseases ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Core Network ◽  
The Core ◽  
Pathogenic Genes ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Go Terms

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) usually plays therapeutic roles on complex diseases in the form of formulas. However, the multicomponent and multitarget characteristics of formulas bring great challenges to the mechanism analysis and secondary development of TCM in treating complex diseases. Modern bioinformatics provides a new opportunity for the optimization of TCM formulas. In this report, a new bioinformatics analysis of a computational network pharmacology model was designed, which takes Chai-Hu-Shu-Gan-San (CHSGS) treatment of depression as the case. In this model, effective intervention space was constructed to depict the core network of the intervention effect transferred from component targets to pathogenic genes based on a novel node importance calculation method. The intervention-response proteins were selected from the effective intervention space, and the core group of functional components (CGFC) was selected based on these intervention-response proteins. Results show that the enriched pathways and GO terms of intervention-response proteins in effective intervention space could cover 95.3 and 95.7% of the common pathways and GO terms that respond to the major functional therapeutic effects. Additionally, 71 components from 1,012 components were predicted as CGFC, the targets of CGFC enriched in 174 pathways which cover the 86.19% enriched pathways of pathogenic genes. Based on the CGFC, two major mechanism chains were inferred and validated. Finally, the core components in CGFC were evaluated by in vitro experiments. These results indicate that the proposed model with good accuracy in screening the CGFC and inferring potential mechanisms in the formula of TCM, which provides reference for the optimization and mechanism analysis of the formula in TCM.

scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving Payment Splitting

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-88
Author(s):  
Saba Eskandarian ◽  
Mihai Christodorescu ◽  
Payman Mohassel
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Android App ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Gain Access

AbstractWidely used payment splitting apps allow members of a group to keep track of debts between members by sending charges for expenses paid by one member on behalf of others. While offering a great deal of convenience, these apps gain access to sensitive data on users’ financial transactions. In this paper, we present a payment splitting app that hides all transaction data within a group from the service provider, provides privacy protections between users in a group, and provides integrity against malicious users or even a malicious server.The core protocol proceeds in a series of rounds in which users either submit real data or cover traffic, and the server blindly updates balances, informs users of charges, and computes integrity checks on user-submitted data. Our protocol requires no cryptographic operations on the server, and after a group’s initial setup, the only cryptographic tool users need is AES.We implement the payment splitting protocol as an Android app and the accompanying server. We find that, for realistic group sizes, it requires fewer than 50 milliseconds per round of computation on a user’s phone and the server requires fewer than 300 microseconds per round for each group, meaning that our protocol enjoys excellent performance and scalability properties.

A Study of Machine Learning Techniques in Cryptography for Cybersecurity

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Ankita Saha ◽  
Chanda Pathak ◽  
Sourav Saha
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Scope Of Application

The importance of cybersecurity is on the rise as we have become more technologically dependent on the internet than ever before. Cybersecurity implies the process of protecting and recovering computer systems, networks, devices, and programs from any cyber attack. Cyber attacks are an increasingly sophisticated and evolving danger to our sensitive data, as attackers employ new methods to circumvent traditional security controls. Cryptanalysis is mainly used to crack cryptographic security systems and gain access to the contents of the encrypted messages, even if the key is unknown. It focuses on deciphering the encrypted data as it works with ciphertext, ciphers, and cryptosystems to understand how they work and find techniques for weakening them. For classical cryptanalysis, the recovery of ciphertext is difficult as the time complexity is exponential. The traditional cryptanalysis requires a significant amount of time, known plaintexts, and memory. Machine learning may reduce the computational complexity in cryptanalysis. Machine learning techniques have recently been applied in cryptanalysis, steganography, and other data-securityrelated applications. Deep learning is an advanced field of machine learning which mainly uses deep neural network architecture. Nowadays, deep learning techniques are usually explored extensively to solve many challenging problems of artificial intelligence. But not much work has been done on deep learning-based cryptanalysis. This paper attempts to summarize various machine learning based approaches for cryptanalysis along with discussions on the scope of application of deep learning techniques in cryptography.

scholarly journals A microfluidic approach for sequential assembly of siRNA polyplexes with defined structure – activity relationship

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik M Loy ◽  
Philipp M Klein ◽  
Rafał Krzysztoń ◽  
Ulrich Lächelt ◽  
Joachim O Rädler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Folate Receptor ◽  
Endosomal Escape ◽  
The Core ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Lipid Anchor

Therapeutic nucleic acids provide versatile treatment options for hereditary or acquired diseases. Ionic complexes with basic polymers are frequently used to facilitate nucleic acid’s transport to intracellular target sites. Usually, these polyplexes are prepared manually by mixing two components: polyanionic nucleic acids and polycations. However, parameters such as internal structure, size, polydispersity and surface charge of the complexes sensitively affect pharmaceutical efficiency. Hence a controlled assembly is of paramount importance in order to ensure high product quality. In the current study, we present a microfluidic platform for controlled, sequential formulation of polyplexes. We use oligo-amidoamines (termed ‘oligomers’) with precise molecular weight and defined structure due to their solid phase supported synthesis. The assembly of the polyplexes was performed in a microfluidic chip in two steps employing a design of two successive Y junctions: first, siRNA and core oligomers were assembled into core polyplexes. These core oligomers possess compacting, stabilizing, and endosomal escape mediating motifs. Second, new functional motifs were mixed to the core particles and integrated into the core polyplex. The iterative assembly formed multi-component polyplexes in a highly controlled manner and enabled us to investigate structure - function relationships. We chose nanoparticle shielding PEG and cell targeting folic acid (termed ‘PEG-ligands’) as functional components. The PEG-ligands were coupled to lipid anchor oligomers via strain promoted azide – alkyne click chemistry. The lipid anchors feature four cholanic acids for inserting various PEG-ligands into the core polyplex by non-covalent hydrophobic interactions. These core - lipid anchor - PEG-ligand polyplexes containing folate as cell binding ligand were used to determine the optimal PEG-ligand length for transfecting folate receptor-expressing KB cells in vitro. We found that polyplexes with 20 mol % PEG-ligands (relative to ncore oligomer) showed optimal siRNA mediated gene knock-down when containing defined polyethylene glycol (PEG) domains of in sum 24 and 36 ethylene oxide (EO) repetitions. These results confirm that transfection efficiency depends on the linker length and stoichiometry and are consistent with previous findings using core - PEG-ligand polyplexes formed by click modification of azide-containing core polyplexes with DBCO-PEG-ligand. Hence successive microfluidic assembly might be a potentially powerful route to create defined multi-component polyplexes with reduced batch-to-batch variability.

scholarly journals Criminal law policy on environmental crimes in context of sustainable development in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 14004
Author(s):  
Thi Mai Dinh ◽  
Dinh Luan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
The Core ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Resource Shortage ◽  
Environmental Crimes

Balancing between economic growth and environmental protection is the core of sustainable development. However, both developed and developing countries are facing many difficulties in dealing with global challenges such as climate change, pollution and resource shortage. In an effort to promote environmental protection and legislate punishment, environmental crimes have been included in criminal law. In order to increase its effectiveness, criminal law on environmental crimes need to be further specified, such as identification of environmental offences, inclusion of new offences, expansion of scope of application, increase on fine, and supplement existing sanctions for environmental offences. These changes can bring tremendous impacts on Vietnam’s sustainable development in the nearfuture.

scholarly journals Reconfiguring Nature’s Cholesterol Accepting Lipoproteins as Nanoparticle Platforms for Transport and Delivery of Therapeutic and Imaging Agents

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skylar T. Chuang ◽  
Siobanth Cruz ◽  
Vasanthy Narayanaswami
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Lipid Interactions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Zip Code

Apolipoproteins are critical structural and functional components of lipoproteins, which are large supramolecular assemblies composed predominantly of lipids and proteins, and other biomolecules such as nucleic acids. A signature feature of apolipoproteins is the preponderance of amphipathic α-helical motifs that dictate their ability to make extensive non-covalent inter- or intra-molecular helix–helix interactions in lipid-free states or helix–lipid interactions with hydrophobic biomolecules in lipid-associated states. This review focuses on the latter ability of apolipoproteins, which has been capitalized on to reconstitute synthetic nanoscale binary/ternary lipoprotein complexes composed of apolipoproteins/peptides and lipids that mimic native high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) with the goal to transport drugs. It traces the historical development of our understanding of these nanostructures and how the cholesterol accepting property of HDL has been reconfigured to develop them as drug-loading platforms. The review provides the structural perspective of these platforms with different types of apolipoproteins and an overview of their synthesis. It also examines the cargo that have been loaded into the core for therapeutic and imaging purposes. Finally, it lays out the merits and challenges associated with apolipoprotein-based nanostructures with a future perspective calling for a need to develop “zip-code”-based delivery for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

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