scholarly journals Commercial Bovine Proteoglycan Is Highly Arthritogenic and Can Be Used as an Alternative Antigen Source for PGIA Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa ◽  
Priscila Maria Colavite ◽  
Larissa Camargo da Rosa ◽  
Bianca Balbino ◽  
Thais Graziela Donegá França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
New Therapies ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Antigenic Source

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease. It affects mainly the joints, causing synovitis, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. Many experimental models are used to study the mechanisms involved in immunopathogenesis and new therapies for this disease. Proteoglycan-induced arthritis (PGIA) is a widely used model based on the cross-reactivity of injected foreign (usually human) PG and mice self-PG. Considering the complexity of the extraction and purification of human PG, in this study we evaluated the arthritogenicity of bovine PG that is commercially available. Bovine PG was highly arthritogenic, triggering 100% incidence of arthritis in female BALB/c retired breeder mice. Animals immunized with bovine PG presented clinical symptoms and histopathological features similar to human RA and other experimental models. Moreover, bovine PG immunization determined higher levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic mice compared to healthy ones. As expected, only the arthritic group produced IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against PG. Thus, commercial bovine PG can be used as an alternative antigenic source to PGIA for the study of many RA aspects, including the immunopathogenesis of the disease and also the development of new therapies.

scholarly journals The Role of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat-Containing 1 Protein (CTHRC1) in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2426
Author(s):  
Askhat Myngbay ◽  
Limara Manarbek ◽  
Steve Ludbrook ◽  
Jeannette Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Collagen Triple Helix ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing inflammation of joints, cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Biomarkers and new drug targets are actively sought and progressed to improve available options for patient treatment. The Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 protein (CTHRC1) may have an important role as a biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis, as CTHRC1 protein concentration is significantly elevated in the peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy individuals. CTHRC1 is a secreted glycoprotein that promotes cell migration and has been implicated in arterial tissue-repair processes. Furthermore, high CTHRC1 expression is observed in many types of cancer and is associated with cancer metastasis to the bone and poor patient prognosis. However, the function of CTHRC1 in RA is still largely undefined. The aim of this review is to summarize recent findings on the role of CTHRC1 as a potential biomarker and pathogenic driver of RA progression. We will discuss emerging evidence linking CTHRC1 to the pathogenic behavior of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and to cartilage and bone erosion through modulation of the balance between bone resorption and repair.

scholarly journals Managing Osteoporosis and Joint Damage in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Yoshiya Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
And Cartilage

In rheumatoid arthritis, a representative systemic autoimmune disease, immune abnormality and accompanying persistent synovitis cause bone and cartilage destruction and systemic osteoporosis. Biologics targeting tumor necrosis factor, which plays a central role in the inflammatory process, and Janus kinase inhibitors have been introduced in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, making clinical remission a realistic treatment goal. These drugs can prevent structural damage to bone and cartilage. In addition, osteoporosis, caused by factors such as menopause, aging, immobility, and glucocorticoid use, can be treated with bisphosphonates and the anti-receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand antibody. An imbalance in the immune system in rheumatoid arthritis induces an imbalance in bone metabolism. However, osteoporosis and bone and cartilage destruction occur through totally different mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms underlying osteoporosis and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis leads to improved care and the development of new treatments.

scholarly journals Update on the Pathomechanism, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Ju Lin ◽  
Martina Anzaghe ◽  
Stefan Schülke
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Biologic Dmards ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Synthetic Dmards ◽  
Inability To Work

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple joints bilaterally. It is characterized by an inflammation of the tendon (tenosynovitis) resulting in both cartilage destruction and bone erosion. While until the 1990s RA frequently resulted in disability, inability to work, and increased mortality, newer treatment options have made RA a manageable disease. Here, great progress has been made in the development of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) which target inflammation and thereby prevent further joint damage. The available DMARDs are subdivided into (1) conventional synthetic DMARDs (methotrexate, hydrochloroquine, and sulfadiazine), (2) targeted synthetic DMARDs (pan-JAK- and JAK1/2-inhibitors), and (3) biologic DMARDs (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors, TNF-receptor (R) inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, IL-6R inhibitors, B cell depleting antibodies, and inhibitors of co-stimulatory molecules). While DMARDs have repeatedly demonstrated the potential to greatly improve disease symptoms and prevent disease progression in RA patients, they are associated with considerable side-effects and high financial costs. This review summarizes our current understanding of the underlying pathomechanism, diagnosis of RA, as well as the mode of action, clinical benefits, and side-effects of the currently available DMARDs.

Structural, cellular, and molecular evaluation of bone erosion in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis: Assessment by μCT, histology, and serum biomarkers

Autoimmunity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 642-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chi Chao ◽  
Shi-Juan Chen ◽  
Iannis E. Adamopoulos ◽  
Michael Judo ◽  
Agelio Asio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Molecular Evaluation

scholarly journals A Computational Modeling Framework to Analyze Synovial-Tissue Based Drug Targets and Diagnostic Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paridhi Latawa ◽  
Brianna Chrisman
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Synovial Tissue ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects 23 million people worldwide. It is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by the attack of inflammatory chemicals on the synovial tissue that lines joints. It is advantageous to develop effective, targeted treatments and identify specific diagnostic biomarkers for RA before extensive joint degradation, bone erosion, and cartilage destruction. Current modes of RA treatments have alleviated and notably halted the progression of RA. Despite this, not many patients reach low disease activity status after treatment, and a significant number of patients fail to respond to medication due to drug non-specificity. While the reasons for these rates remain unknown, the cellular and molecular signatures present in the synovial tissue for RA patients likely play a role in the varied treatment response. Thus, a drug that particularly targets specific genes and networks may have a significant effect in halting the progression of RA. This study evaluates and proposes potential drug targets through in silico mathematical modeling of various pathways of interest in RA. To understand how drugs interact with genes, we built a mathematical model with 30 two-gene and three-gene network interactions and analyzed the effect of 92 different perturbations to rate constants. We determined that inhibition of the LCK-CD4, VAV1-CD4, and MLT-ROR pathways could potentially serve as drug targets. We also found that increased activity of the DEC2-IL1β and the NF-κB-interleukin pathway and the decreased activity of the TNF-α-REV-ERB pathway could serve as diagnostic biomarkers.

scholarly journals Defective T-Cell Apoptosis and T-Regulatory Cell Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Malemud
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Treg Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Apoptosis Resistance ◽  
Cell Dysfunction

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, systemic autoimmune disease that mostly affects small and large synovial joints. At the molecular level, RA is characterized by a profoundly defective innate and adaptive immune response that results in a chronic state of inflammation. Two of the most significant alterations in T-lymphocyte (T-cell) dysfunction in RA is the perpetual activation of T-cells that result in an abnormal proliferation state which also stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts within the joint synovial tissue. This event results in what we have termed “apoptosis resistance”, which we believe is the leading cause of aberrant cell survival in RA. Finding therapies that will induce apoptosis under these conditions is one of the current goals of drug discovery. Over the past several years, a number of T-cell subsets have been identified. One of these T-cell subsets are the T-regulatory (Treg) cells. Under normal conditions Treg cells dictate the state of immune tolerance. However, in RA, the function of Treg cells become compromised resulting in Treg cell dysfunction. It has now been shown that several of the drugs employed in the medical therapy of RA can partially restore Treg cell function, which has also been associated with amelioration of the clinical symptoms of RA.

DMY protects the knee joints of rats with collagen-induced arthritis by inhibition of NF-κB signaling and osteoclastic bone resorption

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 6251-6264
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Kai-Jian Fan ◽  
Qi-Shan Wang ◽  
Bing-Xin Xu ◽  
Qing Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Osteoclastic Bone Resorption ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a widely used animal model for studying rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which manifests serious joint dysfunction, progressive bone erosion and articular cartilage destruction.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Inflammation and Bone Erosion by RNA Interference-Mediated Silencing of Heterogeneous Nuclear RNP A2/B1 in Two Experimental Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2536-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Herman ◽  
Anita Fischer ◽  
Jessy Presumey ◽  
Markus Hoffmann ◽  
Marije I. Koenders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Experimental Models

Anti-IL-17A therapy protects against bone erosion in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis

Autoimmunity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chi Chao ◽  
Shi-Juan Chen ◽  
Iannis E. Adamopoulos ◽  
Nicole Davis ◽  
Kyu Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Experimental Models

scholarly journals Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenic Roles of Diverse Immune Cells

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Sunhee Jang ◽  
Eui-Jong Kwon ◽  
Jennifer Jooha Lee
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Pannus Formation ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease associated with synovial tissue proliferation, pannus formation, cartilage destruction, and systemic complications. Currently, advanced understandings of the pathologic mechanisms of autoreactive CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and autoantibodies that cause RA have been achieved, despite the fact that much remains to be elucidated. This review provides an updated pathogenesis of RA which will unveil novel therapeutic targets.

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