scholarly journals Optimization of Coalbed Methane Gathering System in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 147381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Xiaoping Li ◽  
Tong Tong ◽  
Mengya Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Branch Pipe ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Status

Because of the increasing energy demand, coalbed methane (CBM) which is a high-quality, clean new energy gets more and more national attention. As one of the keys of CBM's successful development, the investment of surface gathering system accounts for a significant proportion of the entire field's investment. This paper studied the optimization of CBM gathering system, combined with system process characteristics and the status of extraction and production. We chose a phased optimization method such that the optimization of entire system was divided into several subproblems, including well group's optimal partition, determination of gathering valve set's optimal position, optimization of trunk and branch pipe network's layout, and optimization of pipe diameter. Then we established optimization model such that the least investment costs of each stage were to be as objective function. When solving the model, full consideration of the low pressure and high complexity by which the CBM gathering and transportation pipeline network was characterized should be given. Through an example calculation, compared with artificial design result, the total investment decreased by 9.56%. We proved that the method has a good optimization effect by comparably analyzing the investment and construction scale of the existing pipe network and optimal pipe network.

Topology Analysis and Optimization Design of Coal Bed Methane Gathering System in China

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhou ◽  
XiaoPing Li ◽  
Mengya Cheng ◽  
Tao Deng ◽  
Jing Gong
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Topological Structure ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Optimal Position

China is abundant in coalbed methane (CBM) resource. The unconventional natural gas reserves has reached 36.81*1012 m3. The Qinshui Basin in Shanxi Province is the largest gas field among CBM gas fields in China which are commercially exploited since the year 2003. In order to solve some typical problems in CBM production, this article considered the geographical characteristics of the fields, introduced and analyzed the low pressure gathering and transporting process and facilities, as well as the important techniques. Respectively, this article introduced the surface gathering and transporting procedure, analyzed the characteristics and topological structure; it also proposed the optimization scheme of combining steel pipes with PE pipes in processing system. The gathering and transporting processes of remote areas should be flexible and able to solve the problems during gas recovery from both largely exploited CBM blocks and remote blocks with low production. Thus a more reasonable system design should be proposed. To carry out the scheme, it first defined the topological structure of the system with graph theory, then established the economic model of the combined scheme. The article calculated the critical length of pipeline between two methods and defined the concept of “remote” well area. With the analysis of the actual conditions in a certain block in Qinshui Shanxi, the conclusion shows that: the scheme of laying pipelines can make more profit, which is consistent with the actual field situation., At the same time, we chose a phased optimization method, which divided the optimization of entire system into several sub-problems, including well group division, nodes connection relationship, determination of plant’s optimal position, and optimization of pipe diameter. Then we established optimization model that takes the investment costs of each stage as objective functions. The example shows that compared with the artificial design result, the total length of pipeline was reduced by 4.576 km, pipeline investment by 7.35×104 US$, with the respective rates of returns of 19.57% and 4.89%. The number of valve sets in the system fell from 16 to 11 (31%). By analyzing the investment and construction scale of the existing pipe network and optimal pipe network we have proved that the method has an ideal optimization effect. These techniques and schemes can give reasonable instructions in CBM surface gathering system design, powerfully promoting the development of the Chinese CBM industry.

scholarly journals Coalbed Methane As a New Source of Energy in Indonesia and Some Developed Countries; A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-60
Author(s):  
Awaludin Martin ◽  
◽  
Hamdani Wahab ◽  
Mohammad Barbarosa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
New Energy

The decrease in conventional energy sources followed by the world's energy demand as well as mounting concern about climate change, the countries are competing to get new sources of environmentally friendly energy with large reserves. The utilization of CBM as a new energy is an option because of its huge reserves, more environmentally friendly than traditional fossil energy (CBM emissions are 0.39 tones/MWh) and energy efficiency equivalent to natural gas. Indonesia has huge CBM reserves (400 TCF) but has not been utilize optimally due to technological problems, government regulations, large investments and others. This issues plus geographical constraints also occurs in countries with huge CBMs resource such as Russia (450 TCF) and China (700 TCF). Meanwhile, USA (500 TCF) and Australia (500 TCF) already have more established rules and technology. It is necessary to conduct a comparative study from each country according to the applicable regulations to accelerate the utilization of CBM.

scholarly journals Control Strategies for Daylight and Artificial Lighting in Office Buildings—A Bibliometrically Assisted Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3852
Author(s):  
Daniel Plörer ◽  
Sascha Hammes ◽  
Martin Hauer ◽  
Vincent van Karsbergen ◽  
Rainer Pfluger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Integral Control ◽  
Artificial Lighting

A significant proportion of the total energy consumption in office buildings is attributable to lighting. Enhancements in energy efficiency are currently achieved through strategies to reduce artificial lighting by intelligent daylight utilization. Control strategies in the field of daylighting and artificial lighting are mostly rule-based and focus either on comfort aspects or energy objectives. This paper aims to provide an overview of published scientific literature on enhanced control strategies, in which new control approaches are critically analysed regarding the fulfilment of energy efficiency targets and comfort criteria simultaneously. For this purpose, subject-specific review articles from the period between 2015 and 2020 and their research sources from as far back as 1978 are analysed. Results show clearly that building controls increasingly need to address multiple trades to achieve a maximum improvement in user comfort and energy efficiency. User acceptance can be highlighted as a decisive factor in achieving targeted system efficiencies, which are highly determined by the ability of active user interaction in the automatic control system. The future trend is moving towards decentralized control concepts including appropriate occupancy detection and space zoning. Simulation-based controls and learning systems are identified as appropriate methods that can play a decisive role in reducing building energy demand through integral control concepts.

scholarly journals Efficient Design of Energy Disaggregation Model with BERT-NILM Trained by AdaX Optimization Method for Smart Grid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4649
Author(s):  
İsmail Hakkı ÇAVDAR ◽  
Vahit FERYAD
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Energy Disaggregation ◽  
Load Monitoring

One of the basic conditions for the successful implementation of energy demand-side management (EDM) in smart grids is the monitoring of different loads with an electrical load monitoring system. Energy and sustainability concerns present a multitude of issues that can be addressed using approaches of data mining and machine learning. However, resolving such problems due to the lack of publicly available datasets is cumbersome. In this study, we first designed an efficient energy disaggregation (ED) model and evaluated it on the basis of publicly available benchmark data from the Residential Energy Disaggregation Dataset (REDD), and then we aimed to advance ED research in smart grids using the Turkey Electrical Appliances Dataset (TEAD) containing household electricity usage data. In addition, the TEAD was evaluated using the proposed ED model tested with benchmark REDD data. The Internet of things (IoT) architecture with sensors and Node-Red software installations were established to collect data in the research. In the context of smart metering, a nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) model was designed to classify household appliances according to TEAD data. A highly accurate supervised ED is introduced, which was designed to raise awareness to customers and generate feedback by demand without the need for smart sensors. It is also cost-effective, maintainable, and easy to install, it does not require much space, and it can be trained to monitor multiple devices. We propose an efficient BERT-NILM tuned by new adaptive gradient descent with exponential long-term memory (Adax), using a deep learning (DL) architecture based on bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). In this paper, an improved training function was designed specifically for tuning of NILM neural networks. We adapted the Adax optimization technique to the ED field and learned the sequence-to-sequence patterns. With the updated training function, BERT-NILM outperformed state-of-the-art adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimization across various metrics on REDD datasets; lastly, we evaluated the TEAD dataset using BERT-NILM training.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Zulqarnain ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Nazir ◽  
Imtisal Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Production Technologies

Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.

Investigation on NiWO4/PANI Composite as Electrode Material for Energy Storage Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajkumar ◽  
S Gowri ◽  
S Dhineshkumar ◽  
Princy Merlin Johnson ◽  
Anandaraj Sathiyan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Pani Composite ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Inorganic Components

With the fast exhaustion of fossil fuels, the need for new energy storage materials to meet the world's massive energy demand has inclined tremendously. Inorganic components with conducting polymer based...

scholarly journals Characteristics and Trends of Research on New Energy Vehicle Reliability Based on the Web of Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Zhao ◽  
Siqi Wang ◽  
Xiaoyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Field ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Charging System ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle

In order to satisfy the increasing energy demand and deal with the environmental problem caused by the conventional energy vehicle; the new energy vehicle (NEV), especially the electric vehicle (EV), has attracted increasing attention and the corresponding research has developed rapidly in recent years. The electric vehicle requires a battery with high energy density and frequent charging. In order to ensure high performance of the electric vehicle; the reliability of its charging system is extremely important. In this paper; an overview of the research on electric vehicle charging system reliability from 1998 to 2017 is presented from a bibliometric perspective. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current research climate and the emerging trends from the following four aspects: basic characteristics of publication outputs; including annual publication outputs and document types; collaboration analysis of countries/territories; institutions and authors; co-citation analysis of cited authors and cited references; co-occurrence analysis of subjects and keywords. By using CiteSpace; the collaboration relationship; co-citation and co-occurrence networks are shown clearly. According to the analysis results; studies in this research field will keep developing rapidly in the near future and several future research directions are proposed in the conclusions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy System in Norway with Focus on Energy Consumption Prediction

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hamlehdar ◽  
Alireza Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
The Status

Abstract Today, the fossil fuels have dominant share of energy supply in order to respond to the high energy demand in the world. Norway is one of the countries with rich sources of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources. The current work is to investigate on the status of energy demand in Norway. First, energy and electricity consumption in various sectors, including industrial, residential are calculated. Then, energy demand in Norway is forecasted by using available tools. After that, the relationship between energy consumption in Norway with Basic economics parameters such as GDP, population and industry growth rate has determined by using linear regression model. Finally, the regression result shows a low correlation between variables.

scholarly journals Review of Solar Geoengineering for the Developing World: A Discourse on the State of Research and the Effects on Policy and Livelihoods for Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Hosea Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Status ◽  
Radiation Modification ◽  
Solar Geoengineering ◽  
State Of Research

The world is experiencing a rapid increase in the global average temperatures at an unprecedented level, primarily due to human activities. Global actors' and policymakers' inability to find an agreed upon course of action to curtail the looming effects of these increased temperatures is an issue of global environmental and human security concern. Solar geoengineering, also solar radiation modification (SRM), has been proposed in many quarters as an option to reducing global warming while finding other alternatives to GHG emissions. This paper provides a summary introduction to climate science on solar engineering for the social scientists and policymakers from the global south. The paper assesses the status, effects, and preparedness of developing economies, especially Africa, in adopting SRM policies and practices. It observes that the effects of SRM for Africa have not been adequately researched due to the dearth of research and experts on SRM, specifically for Africa. It concludes that the reliance of a significant proportion of developing societies on climate-sensitive livelihood options makes the implication of SRM a worthy consideration for research and policymakers.

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