scholarly journals Managing Rush Hour Congestion with Lane Reversal and Tradable Credits

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Ziyou Gao
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Total System ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
The Government ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Tradable Credits ◽  
Bilevel Programming Model ◽  
Tradable Credit

Within the morning and evening rush hour, the two-way road flows are always unbalanced in opposite directions. In order to make full advantage of the existing lanes, the two-way road lane has to be reallocated to play the best role in managing congestion. On the other hand, an effective tradable credit scheme can help to reduce the traffic demand and improve fairness for all travelers. So as to alleviate the commute congestion in urban transportation network, a discrete bilevel programming model is established in this paper. In the bilevel model, the government at the upper level reallocates lanes on the two-way road to minimize the total system cost. The traveler at the lower level chooses the optimal route on the basis of both travel time and credit charging for the lanes involved. A numerical experiment is conducted to examine the efficiency of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Multicriteria Intermodal Freight Network Optimal Problem with Heterogeneous Preferences under Belt and Road Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10265
Author(s):  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Dezhi Zhang ◽  
Lóránt A. Tavasszy ◽  
Qinglin Li
Keyword(s):  
Network Optimization ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Heterogeneous Preferences ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
China Railway ◽  
The Government ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Bilevel Programming Model

In this study, we demonstrate the importance of incorporating shippers’ preference heterogeneity into the optimization of the China Railway express network. In particular, a bilevel programming model is established to minimize the total construction cost for the government in the upper level and maximize the shippers’ satisfaction in the lower level. The proposed model considers price, time, reliability, frequency, safety, flexibility, traceability, and emission. Two designs are obtained by applying the model to two scenarios, in which one is of the aggregate shipper group and the other is of the three distinct clusters. Results show that explicitly including heterogeneity in network optimization pays off in terms of the dramatic increase in shippers’ satisfaction and the share of the sustainable railway without generating extra cost for the system. The results of this study could lead to insightful implication for proper network planning for the China Railway express and some useful suggestions on the subsidies of the government.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Transportation Network Reliability under Emergency Based on Reserve Capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongfei Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhong ◽  
Qin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Solution Algorithms ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Upper Level

There are differences between the requirements for traffic network for traffic demand in daily and emergency situations. In order to evaluate how the network designed for daily needs can meet the surging demand for emergency evacuation, the concept of emergency reliability and corresponding evaluation method is proposed. This paper constructs a bilevel programming model to describe the proposed problem. The upper level problem takes the maximum reserve capacity multiplier as the optimization objective and considers the influence of reversible lane measures taken under emergency conditions. The lower level model adopts the combined traffic distribution/assignment model with capacity limits, to describe evacuees’ path and shelter choice behavior under emergency conditions and take into account the traits of crowded traffic. An iterative optimization method is proposed to solve the upper level model, and the lower level model is transformed into a UE assignment problem with capacity limits over a network of multiple origins and single destination, by adding a dummy node and several dummy links in the network. Then a dynamic penalty function algorithm is used to solve the problem. In the end, numerical studies and results are provided to demonstrate the rationality of the proposed model and feasibility of the proposed solution algorithms.

scholarly journals Deployment Optimization of Connected and Automated Vehicle Lanes with the Safety Benefits on Roadway Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhibo Gao ◽  
Zhizhou Wu ◽  
Wei Hao ◽  
Kejun Long
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Traffic Network ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Upper Level

Reasonable deployment of connected and automated vehicle (CAV) lanes which separating the heterogeneous traffic flow consisting of both CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HVs) can not only improve traffic safety but also greatly improve the overall roadway efficiency. This paper simplified CAV lane deployment plan into the problem of traffic network design and proposed a comprehensive decision-making method for CAV lane deployment plan. Based on the traffic equilibrium theory, this method aims to reduce the travel cost of the traffic network and the management cost of CAV lanes using a bilevel primary-secondary programming model. In addition, the upper level is the decision-making scheme of the lane deployment, while the lower level is the traffic assignment model including CAV and HV modes based on the decision-making scheme of the upper level. After that, a genetic algorithm was designed to solve the model. Finally, a medium-scaled traffic network was selected to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. The case study shows that the proposed method obtained a feasible scheme for lane deployment considering from both the system travel cost and management cost of CAV lanes. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the market penetration rate of CAVs, traffic demand, and the capacity of CAVLs further proves the applicability of this model, which can achieve better allocation of system resources and also improve the traffic efficiency.

scholarly journals Mixed Transportation Network Design under a Sustainable Development Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Qin ◽  
Ling-lin Ni ◽  
Feng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Network Design Problem ◽  
Projection Algorithm ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Bilevel Programming Model

A mixed transportation network design problem considering sustainable development was studied in this paper. Based on the discretization of continuous link-grade decision variables, a bilevel programming model was proposed to describe the problem, in which sustainability factors, including vehicle exhaust emissions, land-use scale, link load, and financial budget, are considered. The objective of the model is to minimize the total amount of resources exploited under the premise of meeting all the construction goals. A heuristic algorithm, which combined the simulated annealing and path-based gradient projection algorithm, was developed to solve the model. The numerical example shows that the transportation network optimized with the method above not only significantly alleviates the congestion on the link, but also reduces vehicle exhaust emissions within the network by up to 41.56%.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Optimization of Road Tolls and Tradable Credits in Public-private Mixed Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Xiaoning Zhang ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tradable Credits

This paper investigates a hybrid management policy of road tolls and tradable credits in mixed road networks with both public and private roads. In the public sub-network, a tradable credit scheme is applied to mitigate traffic congestion. In the private sub-network, tolls are collected by the private company, but the toll levels and toll locations are determined by the government. The purpose of toll charge is two-fold: on the one hand, the government uses it as a tool for mitigating congestion; on the other hand, a threshold of revenue should be guaranteed for the profitability of the private company. A bi-level programming model is formulated to minimize the total travel time in the network by taking into account the user equilibrium travel behaviour and the revenue requirement of private firms. To obtain a  global optimum solution, the bi-level model is transformed into an equivalent single-level mixed integer linear program that can be easily solved with commercial software. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. It is shown that the mixed management schemes can achieve favourable targets, namely, joint implementation of road tolls and tradable credits can effectively mitigate traffic congestion and meanwhile maintain reasonable revenue for the private company.

scholarly journals The Shrinking of Beijing and the Rising of Xiong’an: Optimize Population Migration in terms of Transport Service

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hongzhi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Bilevel Programming ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Service Level ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Bilevel Programming Model

The population of Beijing has already come to its loading capacity. The China central government plans to build an ideal city named Xiong’an nearby Beijing. The city is expected to work as a carrying hub for noncapital functions of Beijing. The central government does not rush to build before a deliberated urban planning is accomplished. For sustainable development, a difficulty faced by urban planners is that the maximum number of people can be migrated from Beijing to Xiong’an with constraint on level of transport service. This paper developed a specialized bilevel programming model where the upper level is to ensure a predetermined transport service level regarding to population migration, while the lower level is feedback equilibrium between trip generation and traffic assignment. To be more specific, trip is generated by the gravity model, and traffic is assigned by the user equilibrium model. It is well known that the bilevel programming problem is tough and challenging. A try-and-error algorithm is designed for the upper-level model, and a method of successive average (MSA) is developed for the lower-level model. The effectiveness of the model and algorithm is validated by an experimental study using the current transport network between Beijing and Xiong’an. It shows that the methods can be very useful to identify the maximum population migration subject to level of transport service.

The Rental Substitution Effect and Welfare Comparisons in Urban Housing Security System

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 3513-3518
Author(s):  
Zhi Qing Li ◽  
Jin Xin Tian ◽  
Yu Ying Cui
Keyword(s):  
Bilevel Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Security System ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Housing Security ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bilevel Programming Model

A bilevel programming model, in which the government could maximize its efficiency and the vulnerable housing group could maximize its utility, was constructed under the market-cleaning assumption in urban housing security, and then the optimal decision by vulnerable housing groups is discussed in government’s price for affordable housing with property right, and the existence of the optimal decision by consumers and government is proved, respectively. And at the same time, the constructed bilevel model is solved through the use of the smoothing method. Finally, the bilevel programming model is constructed under the uncertainty and the non-market-cleaning accordingly. The conclusion shows that it is reasonable to maximize consumer welfare and the efficiency of government in urban housing security system, and it makes recommendations for government decision-making accordingly.

scholarly journals Bilevel programming model and algorithms for flight gate assignment problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (1281) ◽  
pp. 1667-1682
Author(s):  
J. Lin ◽  
X. Ding ◽  
H. Li ◽  
J. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Bilevel Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Transfer Time ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Bilevel Programming Model ◽  
Bilevel Optimisation

ABSTRACTConsidering the decision-making requirements of airport, airlines and passengers, a bilevel programming model which contains two parts was proposed in this paper. One part is to improve the utilization of gates of the airport (upper level), so the objective function of the upper level to the minimum overall variance of slack time between two consecutive air crafts at the same gate. The other part looks at maximize the airline revenue and passengers more conveniently and comfortably (lower level). The lower level has two objective functions — the minimum passenger transfer failure and the minimum passenger average transfer time, respectively. According to the latest data of an airport in Eastern China, the adaptive genetic algorithm is used to solve the above-mentioned bilevel optimisation problems. The numerical experiment shows that the model not only reduces the variance of the relaxation time, but also optimises the flight gate allocation and achieves the initial goal.

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