scholarly journals Predictors of Memory and Processing Speed Dysfunctions after Traumatic Brain Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Winardi ◽  
Aij-Lie Kwan ◽  
Tse-Lun Wang ◽  
Yu-Feng Su ◽  
Chun-Po Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Neurosurgical Department ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Memory Processing

Background. The aims of this study were to evaluate the predictive value of admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, duration of unconsciousness, neurosurgical intervention, and countercoup lesion on the impairment of memory and processing speed functions six months after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on a structural equation modeling.Methods. Thirty TBI patients recruited from Neurosurgical Department at the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital were administered the Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS-III) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III processing speed index to evaluate the memory and processing speed functions.Results. The study showed that GCS scores accounted for 40% of the variance in memory/processing speed. No significant predictive effects were found for the other three variables. GCS classification at the time of TBI seems to correspond moderately to the severity of memory/processing speed dysfunctions.Conclusions. The present study demonstrated that admission GCS score is a robust predictor of memory/processing speed dysfunctions after TBI. The results should be replicated with a large sample of patients with TBI, or be extended by examining other potential clinical predictors.

Cognitive Reserve Components as Expressed in Traumatic Brain Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifat Levi ◽  
Yuri Rassovsky ◽  
Eugenia Agranov ◽  
Michal Sela-Kaufman ◽  
Eli Vakil
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Underlying Structure

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of brain damage, resulting in long-term disability. The “reserve” construct has been proposed to account for the reported mismatch between brain damage and its clinical expression. Although numerous studies have used various measures thought to reflect this construct, few studies have examined its underlying structure in clinical populations, and no studies have systematically studied this construct in TBI. In the present study, structural equation modeling technique was used to evaluate several models hypothesized to represent cognitive reserve (CR) in TBI. A broad range of data typically reported in the literature as representing CR was collected from 89 individuals who sustained moderate-to-severe TBI. Analyses revealed a best fitting model that consisted of three separate factors representing premorbid intelligence, socioeconomic status and leisure activity, with distinct pattern of associations among the three factors. Findings provide empirical support for the notion of a multi-factorial CR and suggest a coherent framework for further investigation. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–8)

Bidirectional child–family influences on outcomes of traumatic brain injury in children

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GERRY TAYLOR ◽  
KEITH OWEN YEATES ◽  
SHARI L. WADE ◽  
DENNIS DROTAR ◽  
TERRY STANCIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Child Behavior Problems ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Family Outcomes ◽  
Related Family

Child behavior problems, injury-related family burden, and parent psychological distress were assessed longitudinally over the first year post injury in 40 children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), 52 with moderate TBI, and 55 with orthopedic injuries not involving brain insult. Parents rated children's preinjury behavior soon after injury. Postinjury child behavior and family outcomes were assessed at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Findings from path analysis revealed both direct and indirect effects of TBI on child behavior and family outcomes, as well as cross-lagged child-family associations. Higher parent distress at 6 months predicted more child behavior problems at 12 months, controlling for earlier behavior problems; and more behavior problems at 6 months predicted poorer family outcomes at 12 months, controlling for earlier family outcomes. Support for bidirectional influences is tentative given that limited sample size precluded use of structural equation modeling. The findings nevertheless provide impetus for considering the influences of person-environment interactions on outcomes of TBI. (JINS, 2001, 7, 755–767.)

scholarly journals Psychopathy and traumatic brain injury (TBI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Incarcerated Females

The current project used structural equation modeling to uncover the links between previous TBI and psychopathic traits in a large sample of incarcerated females. Age of TBI onset and severity were significantly associated with increased psychopathic traits

Impact of routine S100B protein assay on CT scan use in children with mild traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fleur Lorton ◽  
Jeanne Simon-Pimmel ◽  
Damien Masson ◽  
Elise Launay ◽  
Christèle Gras-Le Guen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
S100b Protein ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of implementing a modified Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) rule including the S100B protein assay for managing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in children.MethodsA before-and-after study was conducted in a paediatric emergency department of a French University Hospital from 2013 to 2015. We retrospectively included all consecutive children aged 4 months to 15 years who presented mTBI and were at intermediate risk for clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI). We compared the proportions of CT scans performed and of in-hospital observations before (2013–2014) and after (2014–2015) implementation of a modified PECARN rule including the S100B protein assay.ResultsWe included 1,062 children with mTBI (median age 4.5 years, sex ratio [F/M] 0.73) who were at intermediate risk for ciTBI: 494 (46.5%) during 2013–2014 and 568 (53.5%) during 2014–2015. During 2014–2015, S100B protein was measured in 451 (79.4%) children within 6 h after mTBI. The proportion of CT scans and in-hospital observations significantly decreased between the two periods, from 14.4 to 9.5% (p=0.02) and 73.9–40.5% (p<0.01), respectively. The number of CT scans performed to identify a single ciTBI was reduced by two-thirds, from 18 to 6 CT scans, between 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. All children with ciTBI were identified by the rules.ConclusionsThe implementation of a modified PECARN rule including the S100B protein assay significantly decreased the proportion of CT scans and in-hospital observations for children with mTBI who were at intermediate risk for ciTBI.

scholarly journals Neurosurgical intervention in patients with mild traumatic brain injury and its effect on neurological outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin James Tierney ◽  
Natasha V. Nayak ◽  
Charles J. Prestigiacomo ◽  
Ziad C. Sifri
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Nonoperative Management ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Cranial Ct ◽  
Delayed Intervention ◽  
Neurosurgical Intervention

OBJECT The object of this study was to determine the mortality and neurological outcome of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) who require neurosurgical intervention (NSI), identify clinical predictors of a poor outcome, and investigate the effect of failed nonoperative management and delayed NSI on outcome. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 10 years was performed, capturing all adults with mTBI and NSI. Primary outcome variables were mortality and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. Patients were divided into an immediate intervention group, which received an NSI after the initial cranial CT scan, and a delayed intervention group, which had failed nonoperative management and received an NSI after 2 or more cranial CT scans. RESULTS The mortality rate in mTBI patients requiring NSI was 13%, and the mean GOS score was 3.6 ± 1.2. An age > 60 years was independently predictive of a worse outcome, and epidural hematoma was independently predictive of a good outcome. Logistic regression analysis using independent variables was calculated to create a model for predicting poor neurological outcomes in patients with mTBI undergoing NSI and had 74.1% accuracy. Patients in the delayed intervention group had worse mortality (25% vs 9%) and worse mean GOS scores (2.9 ± 1.3 vs 3.7 ± 1.2) than those in the immediate intervention group. CONCLUSIONS Data in this study demonstrate that patients with mTBI requiring NSI have higher mortality rates and worse neurological outcomes and should therefore be classified separately from mTBI patients not requiring NSI. Additionally, mTBI patients requiring NSI after the failure of nonoperative management have worse outcomes than those receiving immediate intervention and should be considered separately.

Clinical predictors of outcome following inflicted traumatic brain injury in children

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. S248-S253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Rhine ◽  
Shari L. Wade ◽  
Kathi L. Makoroff ◽  
Amy Cassedy ◽  
Linda J. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury

Outcomes of emergency neurosurgical intervention in neuro-critical care patients with traumatic brain injury at Cork University Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Amoo ◽  
Philip J. O’Halloran ◽  
Anne-Marie Leo ◽  
Aoife O’Loughlin ◽  
Padraig Mahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Critical Care Patients ◽  
Neurosurgical Intervention
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