scholarly journals Fertility Behaviour and Effect of Son Preference among the Muslims of Manipur, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asghar ◽  
Benrithung Murry ◽  
Kallur Nava Saraswathy
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Almost All

Fertility is one of the most important components of demographic studies affecting almost all aspects of human life. Present paper is an attempt to study various factors, including preference of son, affecting the fertility of Manipuri Muslims. A household survey was conducted in Imphal East and Thoubal districts where the concentration of Muslim is found to be the highest, interviewing 512 ever married women. Age at marriage, age at first conception, education, occupation, types of family, and per capita annual income are influencing the fertility rate among this population. Uses of birth control measures, consanguineous marriage, and age at menarche have no effect on fertility rate. The preference for more sons is observed in this study leading to increase in overall fertility rate.

scholarly journals Biological and Social Determinants of Fertility Behaviour among the Jat Women of Haryana State, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketaki Chandiok ◽  
Prakash Ranjan Mondal ◽  
Chakraverti Mahajan ◽  
Kallur Nava Saraswathy
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Menarche Age

Fertility is a way through which human beings biologically replace themselves in order to continue their existence on earth. The present paper therefore attempts to study the factors affecting fertility among the Jat women of Haryana state. A household survey was conducted in 15 villages of Palwal district in which the concentration of Jats was found to be highest and 1014 ever married women were interviewed. Age at marriage, present age, education status, family type, and preference for male child were the most important factors that affected fertility in the studied population. Age at menarche, age at first conception, occupation status, use of birth control measures, and household per capita annual income did not affect the fertility in the studied population.

Empirical Analysis of Socio-economic Factors Effecting Nutritional Status of Children (1-5) of Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Naima Saeed ◽  
Shumaila Kamal Khan ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Raheed ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

In Pakistan, in spite of upsurge in per capita food accessibility, subsequent increases in per capita calorie and protein intake, the occurrence of undernourishment has not been enhanced for last twenty years. Nutrition has intense effect on health during every course of human life and is intimately connected with mental and social progress, particularly in the initial stages of childhood. In situations like a short supply of material and social means, children would be unable to complete their full progression and development. Despite the improvement in the nutritional state of children in recent years, the magnitude of malnutrition with relation to fitness circumstances remains high with serious health concerns. The present study targets the attitudes of parents towards their children's (age 1-5) nutritional status. Socioeconomic factors include the marriage age of the mother, education of mother, number of children, household income and knowledge about nutritional food.

The problems of quality management system readiness to integrate modern digital technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
E.A. Kovrigin ◽  
◽  
V.A. Vasilyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Readiness Assessment ◽  
Quality Management Model ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Generalize Information

Given the trends in the modern world, as well as the rapid growth of digitalization, it is safe to say that it will inevitably affect almost all areas of human life and activities. Dmitriev’s English dictionary defines the word readiness: «It is a state where everything is done to start doing something.» Accordingly, an assessment of the company’s readiness to integrate modern digital technologies will identify opportunities, risks and threats, strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise, as well as to formulate a list of initial measures that need to be implemented. Thus, there is an urgent need to find an answer to the following questions: «How (by, what criteria and indicators) to measure readiness?», «What are the approaches to readiness assessment?» The purpose of this article is to develop a model and algorithm to assess the company’s readiness to integrate modern digital technologies. Modelling techniques were used to achieve this goal, as well as to analyze and generalize information. As a result of the research, a model for assessing the company’s readiness to integrate modern digital technologies has been developed and tested, based on the quality management model presented in the ISO 9000 series standards. A particular example shows how to use it and what it ultimately allows you to see and evaluate.

scholarly journals Health capabilities and the determinants of infant mortality in Brazil, 2004–2015: an innovative methodological framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Bugelli ◽  
Roxane Borgès Da Silva ◽  
Ladislau Dowbor ◽  
Claude Sicotte
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background Despite the implementation of a set of social and health policies, Brazil has experienced a slowdown in the decline of infant mortality, regional disparities and persistent high death levels, raising questions about the determinants of infant mortality after the implementation of these policies. The objective of this article is to propose a methodological approach aiming at identifying the determinants of infant mortality in Brazil after the implementation of those policies. Method A series of multilevel panel data with fixed effect nested within-clusters were conducted supported by the concept of health capabilities based on data from 26 Brazilian states between 2004 and 2015. The dependent variables were the neonatal, the infant and the under-five mortality rates. The independent variables were the employment rate, per capita income, Bolsa Família Program coverage, the fertility rate, educational attainment, the number of live births by prenatal visits, the number of health professionals per thousand inhabitants, and the access to water supply and sewage services. We also used different time lags of employment rate to identify the impact of employment on the infant mortality rates over time, and household income stratified by minimum wages to analyze their effects on these rates. Results The results showed that in addition to variables associated with infant mortality in previous studies, such as Bolsa Família Program, per capita income and fertility rate, other factors affect child mortality. Educational attainment, quality of prenatal care and access to health professionals are also elements impacting infant deaths. The results also identified an association between employment rate and different infant mortality rates, with employment impacting neonatal mortality up to 3 years and that a family income below 2 minimum wages increases the odds of infant deaths. Conclusion The results proved that the methodology proposed allowed the use of variables based on aggregated data that could hardly be used by other methodologies.

scholarly journals Analysis of the illicit tobacco market in Georgia in response to fiscal and non-fiscal tobacco control measures

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056404
Author(s):  
Megan Little ◽  
Hana Ross ◽  
George Bakhturidze ◽  
Iago Kachkachishvili
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Cigarette Taxes ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Cigarette Pack

BackgroundGeorgian illicit cigarette consumption was 1.5% in 2017. In 2018, a new tobacco control law took effect followed by a substantial cigarette excise tax increase in 2019. Research shows these policies reduce tobacco consumption, but the tobacco industry argues they increase illicit trade. There is limited evidence on this, particularly from developing countries.MethodsA panel household survey in Georgia obtained data over three waves: 2017 baseline, 2018 after the tobacco control law took effect and 2019 after taxes increased. A sample of 1578 smokers (and quitters in later waves) from five regions reported their tobacco use and were asked to present a cigarette pack in their possession. These were examined for tax stamps and health warnings to establish legality.FindingsThere was no evidence of an increase in illicit cigarette consumption in Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Akhaltsikhe or Gori in any wave. In Zugdidi, near the Russian-occupied Abkhazia, illicit cigarette consumption was increasing even prior to the tax increase, reaching 30.9% by wave 3. A country-wide shift occurred from manufactured cigarettes to roll-your-own tobacco (whose tax remained unchanged) between waves 2 and 3.ConclusionNo evidence of a country-wide increase in illicit cigarette trade was found after non-fiscal tobacco measures took effect and cigarette taxes increased. Relatively high illicit cigarette consumption in Zugdidi highlights the role of disputed territories and border administration in illicit cigarette supply. Substitution towards roll-your-own tobacco after manufactured cigarette taxes increased demonstrates the importance of equalising taxes on tobacco products to maximise public health benefits.

Indifferent Sanctuary: German-Speaking Refugees and Exiles in Argentina, 1933-1945

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Newton
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Total Population ◽  
World War ◽  
European Origin ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
Jewish Refugees ◽  
The World ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Almost All

Between 1933 and the end of World War II, Argentina became the home of some 43,000 Jewish refugees from Nazism, almost all of them of German, Austrian, or West European origin. Measured against the country's total population, 13 million in 1931, 16 million according to the 1947 census, Argentina received more Jewish refugees per capita than any other country in the world except Palestine (Wasserstein, 1979: 7,45). This did not occur by design of the Argentine government; on the contrary, its immigration policies became interestingly restrictive as the years of the world crisis wore on.In practice, however, Argentina was unable to patrol effectively its long borders with the neighboring republics of Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and Uruguay. The overseas consuls of these nations, especially the first three, did a brisk and lucrative trade in visas and entry permits for persons desperate to escape the Nazi terror.

Bioprinting in ophthalmology: current advances and future pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataraj Poomathi ◽  
Sunpreet Singh ◽  
Chander Prakash ◽  
Rajkumar V. Patil ◽  
P.T. Perumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Time Of Operation

Purpose Bioprinting is a promising technology, which has gained a recent attention, for application in all aspects of human life and has specific advantages in different areas of medicines, especially in ophthalmology. The three-dimensional (3D) printing tools have been widely used in different applications, from surgical planning procedures to 3D models for certain highly delicate organs (such as: eye and heart). The purpose of this paper is to review the dedicated research efforts that so far have been made to highlight applications of 3D printing in the field of ophthalmology. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the state-of-the-art review has been summarized for bioprinters, biomaterials and methodologies adopted to cure eye diseases. This paper starts with fundamental discussions and gradually leads toward the summary and future trends by covering almost all the research insights. For better understanding of the readers, various tables and figures have also been incorporated. Findings The usages of bioprinted surgical models have shown to be helpful in shortening the time of operation and decreasing the risk of donor, and hence, it could boost certain surgical effects. This demonstrates the wide use of bioprinting to design more precise biological research models for research in broader range of applications such as in generating blood vessels and cardiac tissue. Although bioprinting has not created a significant impact in ophthalmology, in recent times, these technologies could be helpful in treating several ocular disorders in the near future. Originality/value This review work emphasizes the understanding of 3D printing technologies, in the light of which these can be applied in ophthalmology to achieve successful treatment of eye diseases.

scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT FOR EDUCATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 802-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor Savov ◽  
Valentina Terzieva ◽  
Katia Todorova ◽  
Petia Kademova-Katzarova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Innovative Learning ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

The information and communication technologies (ICT) have penetrated into almost all areas of human life. They have a dual impact on education – increase learning efficiency and train students actively to use innovations. We assess this impact by examining teachers’ experience with innovative tools in Bulgarian schools. In an anonymous online survey, we investigate their opinions on the issues related to technology integration in contemporary classrooms. The research shows that educators appreciate the benefits of technology implementation in the teaching-learning process, but they need a single structured system encompassing all technological resources and tools. This work proposes a conception for a smart classroom – an innovative learning environment that can establish and control suitable conditions for education as well as to impact the instructional process directly.

scholarly journals Changes in Air Pollution Following the COVID-19 Epidemic in Northern China: The Role of Meteorology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Xian ◽  
Zhanqing Li ◽  
Jing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Seasonal Signals ◽  
Haze Formation ◽  
Holiday Effects

COVID-19 has a tremendous impact on both human life and the environment due to the unprecedented large-scale shutdown of economic activities at the beginning of 2020. While it was widely expected to see a dramatic reduction in air pollution, reality appears to be much more complex due to the joint influences of emissions and meteorology in dictating air pollution. By analyzing ample meteorological and environmental observational data, this study attempts to evaluate the contribution of an economic lockdown or at a well-below normal level across China to air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Besides the unprecedented emission reductions that helped to improve air quality, multiple other factors came into play, such as high humidity and low wind speed that are favorable for haze formation. After separating long-term trends, seasonal signals, holiday effects, and meteorological contributions concerning climatology, we estimated that the relative contributions of human activities to changes in particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm and nitrogen dioxide during the epidemic were −17.13 μg/m3 and −0.03 μg/m3, respectively, with negative quantities denoting reductions to air pollution. Furthermore, comparing the changes in PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations after lockdown revealed that for short-term control measures, meteorological factors mainly affected pollutant particles.

scholarly journals Inevitable Third: Ethical and Political Aspects of Interactions with Artificial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (99) ◽  
pp. 90-107
Author(s):  
D.A. Tomiltseva ◽  
A.S. Zheleznov
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The Political ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Political Values ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

Artificial agents i.e., man-made technical devices and software that are capable of taking meaningful actions and making independent decisions, permeate almost all spheres of human life today. Being new political actants, they transform the nature of human interactions, which gives rise to the problem of ethical and political regulation of their activities. Therefore, the appearance of such agents triggers a global philosophical reflection that goes beyond technical or practical issues and makes researchers return to the fundamental problems of ethics. The article identifies three main aspects that call for philosophical understanding of the existence of artificial agents. First, artificial agents reveal the true contradiction between declared moral and political values and real social practices. Learning from the data on the assessments and conclusions that have already taken place, artificial agents make decisions that correspond to the prevailing behavioral patterns rather than moral principles of their creators or consumers. Second, the specificity of the creation and functioning of artificial agents brings the problem of responsibility for their actions to the forefront, which, in turn, requires a new approach to the political regulation of the activities of not only developers, customers and users, but also the agents themselves. Third, the current forms of the activity of artificial agents shift the traditional boundaries of the human and raise the question of redefining the humanitarian. Having carefully analyzed the selected aspects, the authors reveal their logic and outline the field for further discussion.

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