scholarly journals Monthly Optimal Reservoirs Operation for Multicrop Deficit Irrigation under Fuzzy Stochastic Uncertainties

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudong Zhang ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
Shiqi Fang ◽  
Mo Li

An uncertain monthly reservoirs operation and multicrop deficit irrigation model was proposed under conjunctive use of underground and surface water for water resources optimization management. The objective is to maximize the total crop yield of the entire irrigation districts. Meanwhile, ecological water remained for the downstream demand. Because of the shortage of water resources, the monthly crop water production function was adopted for multiperiod deficit irrigation management. The model reflects the characteristics of water resources repetitive transformation in typical inland rivers irrigation system. The model was used as an example for water resources optimization management in Shiyang River Basin, China. Uncertainties in reservoir management shown as fuzzy probability were treated through chance-constraint parameter for decision makers. Necessity of dominance(ND)was used to analyse the advantages of the method. The optimization results including reservoirs real-time operation policy, deficit irrigation management, and the available water resource allocation could be used to provide decision support for local irrigation management. Besides, the strategies obtained could help with the risk analysis of reservoirs operation stochastically.

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Dalcin Martins ◽  
Reimar Carlesso ◽  
Mirta Teresinha Petry ◽  
Gonçalo Caleia Rodrigues

VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA IRRIGAÇÃO DEFICITÁRIA EM MILHO IRRIGADO POR GOTEJAMENTO JULIANO DALCIN MARTINS 1; MIRTA TERESINHA PETRY 2; GONÇALO CALEIA RODRIGUES 3 E REIMAR CARLESSO 4  1 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha (IFRS), Câmpus Ibirubá, Ibirubá, RS, [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Santa Maria, RS, [email protected] CEER- Engenharia dos biossistemas,  Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Santa Maria, RS, [email protected].  1 RESUMO A irrigação por gotejamento é uma tecnologia que permite maior controle sobre a quantidade de água aplicada, melhorando a eficiência de seu uso na agricultura irrigada. Entretanto, apesar das inúmeras vantagens associadas à irrigação por gotejamento, a sua implantação muitas vezes é limitada pelo elevado custo de implantação e manutenção. O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade econômica do uso da irrigação deficitária por gotejamento na cultura do milho. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos sob uma cobertura móvel, nos anos agrícolas de 2010/11 e 2011/12. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de irrigação plena com reposição de 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) e irrigação deficitária, com reposição da evapotranspiração da cultura de 80, 55 e 30% da ETc, durante o ano agrícola de 2010/11 e reposição de 100, 80, 65, 45 e 40% da ETc, durante o ano agrícola de 2011/12. Os resultados indicaram que as despesas com os custos fixos relacionados às linhas laterais do sistema de irrigação foram as que mais oneraram o custo final de produção, em todos os tratamentos e condições estudadas. A análise de sensibilidade demonstrou que a lucratividade da irrigação por gotejamento na cultura do milho está associada ao custo fixo anual do sistema de irrigação e do preço de comercialização do milho. Palavras-chave: Viabilidade econômica, evapotranspiração, manejo de irrigação.  MARTINS. J. D.; PETRY, M. T.; RODRIGUES, G. C.;CARLESSO. R.ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF DEFICTARY DRIP IRRIGATION INIRRIGATED CORN  2 ABSTRACT Drip irrigation is a technology that allows greater control over the applied water improving the water use efficiency in the irrigated agriculture. However, despite the advantages used associated to the drip irrigation, its implantation may sometimes be limited by installation costs. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the economic feasibility of deficit irrigation using a drip system for maize plants. Two experiments were conducted under a rain out shelter, during 2010/11 and 2011/12 growing seasons. Treatments consisted of full irrigation with replacement of 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and deficit irrigation with replacement of the crop evapotranspiration at a rate of 80, 55 and 30% ETc during the 2010/11 growing season and replacement of 100, 80, 65, 45 and 40% of ETc during the 2011/12 growing season. The results indicated that expenses with fixed costs related to the lateral lines of the irrigation system were higher for all treatments and conditions studied. Sensitivity analysis shows that the profitability of drip irrigation for maize was associated with annual fixed cost of the drip irrigation system and also the maize selling price. Keywords: Economic viability, evapotranspiration, irrigation management. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2509-2522
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rocha dos Santos ◽  
◽  
Paulo Roberto Fernandes Cotrim Junior ◽  
Naasoom Luiz Santos Mesquita ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
...  

The increasing water demand of crops in response to climate change; the prospect of expanded irrigated areas; the population growth; and competition with multiple uses of water affect the availability of water resources for agriculture. Thus, measures are required that involve the adoption of irrigation-management strategies able to increase water savings without compromising crop yield, especially in semi-arid conditions, where water resources are limited, and in large-scale commercial cultivation such as in 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Palmer' mango, the second most widely grown irrigated fruit crop. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of irrigation systems (drip and micro-sprinkler) and deficit-irrigation strategies on the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Palmer' mango trees. The study was developed through two experiments conducted in the Irrigated Perimeter of Ceraíma, located in municipality of Guanambi - BA, Brazil. Two trials were carried out in a completely randomized design. For the 'Tommy Atkins' cultivar, 12 strategies were tested, involving regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) by micro-sprinkler irrigation and partial rootzone drying (PRD) by drip, in three production cycles. For ‘Palmer’ mango, 10 irrigation strategies were evaluated under the same previously described conditions, in only one production cycle. The reduction in water application in RDI was 25 and 50% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc); and, in PRD, 20, 40 and 60% ETc. ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango achieved higher yields under micro-sprinkler irrigation with full irrigation and in the strategies involving the application of 50 and 75% ETc in stages II and III. These two strategies also provided greater WUE, along with PRD40. Water use efficiency was lower in the third evaluation cycle when compared with the first. ‘Palmer’ mango showed higher yields and WUE under drip irrigation, with the best yields achieved with full irrigation and in the strategies of PRD100, 80%, 60% and RDI with 50% ETc in stage III. The best WUE was obtained in PRD with 60 and 40% ETc.


Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Francielly Guieiro Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Renata da Silva Cuba de Carvalho ◽  
Mara Rúbia Mendes de Melo ◽  
Hélio Grassi Filho

ABSORÇÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES E SÓDIO PELO TOMATEIRO SUBMETIDO A IRRIGAÇÃO COM E SEM DÉFICIT HÍDRICO, UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES CONCENTRAÇÕES DE ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA     FRANCIELLY GUIEIRO GOMES DE SOUSA2; RENATA DA SILVA CUBA DE CARVALHO3; MARA RÚBIA MENDES DE MELO4 E HÉLIO GRASSI FILHO5   1  Trabalho originado da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor intitulada: “Irrigação com água residuária em diferentes diluições e disponibilidade para a cultura do tomate cereja” 2  Doutoranda, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – FCA – Unesp, Câmpus Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu-SP, Brasil, [email protected] 3  Doutora, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – FCA – Unesp, Câmpus Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu-SP, Brasil,  [email protected] 4  Doutoranda, Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP – Campus de Botucatu). Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780. CEP: 18.610-307, Botucatu-SP - Brasil. [email protected] 5  Professor Titular do Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA/UNESP, Campus Botucatu (SP), [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Perante a grande demanda de água no planeta para o desenvolvimento de atividades econômicas e consumo doméstico, estudos relacionados ao aproveitamento da água residuária no meio agrícola podem ajudar a minimizar problemas de escassez desse recurso. Sendo assim o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a absorção de macronutrientes e sódio pela cultura do tomate irrigado com e sem déficit hídrico, utilizando água residuária. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, o sistema de irrigação foi por gotejamento, e o manejo da irrigação foi baseado na evaporação do tanque classe ‘A’ instalado dentro do ambiente. Foram determinadas duas lâminas: 70 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura, nas quais foram utilizadas água de abastecimento e de esgoto doméstico tratado em quatro diluições: 25, 50, 75 e 100%. Assim, foi possível avaliar a absorção de macronutrientes e sódio, na área foliar e frutos, através de análise química. Os resultados obtidos, indicaram que as plantas irrigadas com déficit hídrico absorveram maior quantidade dos nutrientes N, K, Mg e S. No entanto quanto maior a porcentagem de água residuária na irrigação, maior foi a absorção de sódio pelas plantas e frutos.   Palavras chave: nutrição, reúso doméstico, manejo da irrigação, Lycopersicon esculentum L.     SOUSA, F. G. G.; CARVALHO, R. S. C.; MELO, M. R. M.; GRASSI FILHO, H. ABSORPTION OF MACRONUTRIENTS AND SODIUM BY TOMATOES SUBMITTED TO NORMAL AND WATER DEFICIENT IRRIGATION SCHEMES USING VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF WASTEWATER       2 ABSTRACT   The high worldwide demand for water use in economic development and domestic consumption has led to studies on the agricultural use of wastewater that can help minimize the problem of scarcity of this resource. This study aimed to evaluate the absorption of macronutrients and sodium from cultivated tomatoes, irrigated with wastewater, under normal and water deficient irrigation schemes. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, we used a drip irrigation system that was managed on the basis of evaporation from a Class A tank placed in the experimental area. Two irrigation depths were determined: 70 and 100% of the crop evapotranspiration, supply water, and four dilutions of domestic wastewater were used: 25, 50, 75, and 100%. We evaluated the absorption of macronutrients and sodium via chemical analysis of the leaves and fruits. Results showed that plants irrigated using the water deficit irrigation scheme absorbed more N, K, Mg, and S nutrients. However, the higher the percentage of wastewater used for irrigation, the higher the absorption of sodium by plants and fruits.   Keywords: nutrition, domestic reuse, irrigation management, Lycopersicon esculentum L.


1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-228
Author(s):  
Zakir Hussain

The book; under review provides a valuable account of the issues and factors in managing the irrigation system, and presents a lucid and thorough discussion on the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies. It comprises two parts: the first outlines the factors affecting irrigation performance under a wide range of topics in the first five chapters. In Chapter One, the authors have attempted to assess the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies, conceptualise irrigation management issues, and build an empirical base for analysis while drawing upon the experience of ten country cases in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The Second Chapter focuses on the variations in the management structures identified and the types of irrigation systems; and it defines the variables of the management structures. The activities and objectives of irrigation management are discussed in Chapter Three. The objectives include: greater production and productivity of irrigation projects; improved water distribution; reduction in conflicts; greater resource mobilisation and a sustained system performance. The authors also highlight the performance criterion in this chapter. They identify about six contextual factors which affect the objectives and the performance of irrigation, which are discussed in detail in Chapter Four. In Chapter Five, some organisational variables, which would lead to improvements in irrigation, are examined.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3642
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farhad Bulbul ◽  
Sadiya Tabussum ◽  
Hazrat Ali ◽  
Wenli Zheng ◽  
Mi Young Lee ◽  
...  

This paper proposes an action recognition framework for depth map sequences using the 3D Space-Time Auto-Correlation of Gradients (STACOG) algorithm. First, each depth map sequence is split into two sets of sub-sequences of two different frame lengths individually. Second, a number of Depth Motion Maps (DMMs) sequences from every set are generated and are fed into STACOG to find an auto-correlation feature vector. For two distinct sets of sub-sequences, two auto-correlation feature vectors are obtained and applied gradually to L2-regularized Collaborative Representation Classifier (L2-CRC) for computing a pair of sets of residual values. Next, the Logarithmic Opinion Pool (LOGP) rule is used to combine the two different outcomes of L2-CRC and to allocate an action label of the depth map sequence. Finally, our proposed framework is evaluated on three benchmark datasets named MSR-action 3D dataset, DHA dataset, and UTD-MHAD dataset. We compare the experimental results of our proposed framework with state-of-the-art approaches to prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The computational efficiency of the framework is also analyzed for all the datasets to check whether it is suitable for real-time operation or not.


2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 106767
Author(s):  
Huihui Zhang ◽  
Liwang Ma ◽  
Kyle R. Douglas-Mankin ◽  
Ming Han ◽  
Thomas J. Trout

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
AbdAllah M. El-Sanatawy ◽  
Ahmed S. M. El-Kholy ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Ali ◽  
Mohamed F. Awad ◽  
Elsayed Mansour

Water shortage is a major environmental stress that destructively impacts maize production, particularly in arid regions. Therefore, improving irrigation management and increasing productivity per unit of water applied are needed, especially under the rising temperature and precipitation fluctuations induced by climate change. Laboratory and field trials were carried out in the present study, which were aimed at assessing the possibility of promoting maize germination, growth, grain yield and crop water productivity (CWP) using seed priming under different irrigation regimes. Two seed priming treatments, i.e., hydro-priming and hardening versus unprimed seeds, were applied under four irrigation regimes, i.e., 120, 100, 80 and 60% of estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The obtained results indicated that increasing irrigation water from 100% up to 120% ETc did not significantly increase grain yield or contributing traits, while it decreased CWP. Deficit irrigation of 80 and 60% ETc gradually decreased grain yield and all attributed traits. Seed priming significantly ameliorated seedlings’ vigor as indicated by earlier germination, higher germination percentage, longer roots and shoots, and heavier fresh and dry weight than unprimed seeds with the superiority of hardening treatment. Additionally, under field conditions, seed priming significantly increased grain yield, yield contributing traits and CWP compared with unprimed treatment. Interestingly, the results reflect the role of seed priming, particularly hardening, in mitigating negative impacts of drought stress and enhancing maize growth, grain yield and attributed traits as well as CWP under deficit irrigation conditions. This was demonstrated by a significant increase in grain yield and CWP under moderate drought and severe drought conditions compared with unprimed treatment. These results highlight that efficient irrigation management and seed priming can increase maize yield and water productivity in arid environments.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Sánchez-Bravo ◽  
Jacinta Collado-González ◽  
Mireia Corell ◽  
Luis Noguera-Artiaga ◽  
Alejandro Galindo ◽  
...  

Water, especially in arid and semiarid regions, is increasingly a disputed commodity among different productive sectors; the pressure for a more sustainable use of water in agriculture will grow. The main strategy to cope with water scarcity is the use of improved, innovative, and precise deficit irrigation management practices which are able to minimize the impact on fruit yield and quality. The aim of this paper was to develop a certification index or hydroSOS quality index for extra virgin olive oil and processed table olives. The hydrosSOS fruits and vegetables are those cultivated under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI). Different indicators in three quality areas ((i) fatty acids, (ii) phenolic compounds, and (iii) sensory attributes) were identified as showing characteristic or typical responses under RDI conditions. Marks or scores were assigned to each one of these indicators to calculate the proposed index. It can be concluded that an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or processed table olives are hydroSOStainable foods, if they meet 2 conditions: (i) fulfill the conditions established in the hydroSOS “irrigation” index, and (ii) fulfill the requirements of the hydroSOS “quality” index. HydroSOS quality index will be specific to each crop and variety and will depend on functional and sensory factors.


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